1
LESSON
GOALS
You will learn
• how objects have mass
and are made of
matter.
• how matter can be
.described by its
properties.
• the three forms of
matter.
volume (vel/yam), the
amount of space an
object takes up.
All of these objects are
made of matter.
941
What Is Matter?
Notice how the objects in the picture look
different from each other. The desk looks
larger than the pencil. The notebooks have
. different colors. Yet all the objects are alike in
some ways.
Mass and Matter
These objects are alike because they all take
up space. Notice how the paper clip takes up a
small amount of space. Find an object that
takes up more space than the paper clip.
Which object takes up the most space?
The amount of space an object fills is its
volume. Look at objects around you. Name an
object in your classroom that has a large
volume. What object has a small volume?
All these objects are alike in another way.
They all have mass. An object's mass is the
measure of how much material makes up the
object. You can use a balance to measure how
much mass an object has. Find the picture of
the apple on the balance. The apple has more
mass than the eraser. The rock has more mass
than the apple.
Everything that takes up space and has mass
is called matter. All the objects around you
are made of matter. You take up space and
have mass . You are made of matter.
Imagine dreaming about your classroom. A
dream does not take up space and have mass.
A dream is not made of matter.
mass (mas), the measure
of how much matter an
object contains.
matter (mat/or),
anything that takes up
space and has mass.
You can describe these objects by naming their properties.
property (prop/or te),
something about an
object that can be
observed, such as size,
shape, color, or sound.
96
Properties of Matter
Think about how you might describe some
of the objects in the picture. The dinner plate is
large. The strawberries are small and juicy.
The napkin is pink and soft. How can you
describe the flowers? When you describe an
object, you tell about its properties. A
property tells exactly what an object is like.
You can describe matter by naming its
properties.
Suppose you wanted to describe a slice of
lemon. You probably would tell about its size,
shape, and color. You also might describe its
smell and sour taste. Size, shape, color, smell,
and taste are properties of the lemon.
Matter can be solid, liquid, or gas.
States of Matter
Notice the diver in the picture. The diver is
solid. The water in the picture is liquid. Find
the air bubbles in the water. Air is a gas.
Matter comes in three forms-solid,
liquid,
and gas. These forms are called the states of
matter.
A solid keeps a certain shape and has a
certain volume. Find some objects in the
picture that are solid.
Suppose you poured water into a glass. The
water would take the shape of the glass. A
liquid takes the shape of its container. A liquid
keeps its volume when it changes shape.
Imagine pouring water from a glass into a
bowl. The volume of water would stay the
same. How would the shape change?
INVESTIGATE!
Find out if changing
the shape of an object
can change another
property of that object.
Write a hypothesis and
test it with an
experiment. Floating or
sinking is a property of
clay. You might observe
how changing the shape
of clay affects how it
floats.
.
states of matter, the
three forms of
matter-solid,
liquid,
and gas.
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Solid, liquid, and gas
Notice the different shapes of the balloons in
the picture. Air is a gas that fills the balloons.
A gas takes the same shape as its container.
Find the broken balloon. The air from the
broken balloon spread out into the whole
room. The same amount of gas can spread out
to fill a larger volume.
Lesson Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is matter?
What are properties of matter?
What are the three states of matter?
Challenge! Suppose you added marbles to
a full glass of milk. Would the shape and
volume of the milk change? Explain your
answer.
Study on your own, pages 324-325.
FlNDOVT
ONYOVROWN
98
Find objects like those shown above to
measure. Using metric measures, guess the
length or height of each object. Also guess
each object's mass. Then measure the
objects.
Chapter 5
Study Guide
On a separate sheet of paper, write the word or
words that best complete the sentence or answer the
question.
LESSON 1
pages 94-98
1. The objects on your desk are alike because they
!'!'!:0
all take up ~.
2. The amount of space an object fills is its 1m:!.
3. A car has a ;Wt volume than a bicycle does.
4. How can you measure how much mass an object
has?
5. An apple has I]! mass than an eraser.
6. How are people like objects in a room?
7. When you describe an object, you tell about its
8. What are five properties you can use to describe
an object?
9. What state of matter is a rock?
10. What state of matter is the air you breathe?
11. How are solid objects and liquid objects different
from one another?
12. What happens to the air in a balloon when the
balloon breaks?
13. Using a chart like the one below, list some of the
properties of three objects you have at your desk.
Object
324
Properties