Military Explorer Post 9044
STUDY
GUIDE
as of 25 March 2016
Army Organization
(Cadet) – Name three consecutive levels of Army organization from lowest to highest.
Squad, Platoon, Company, Battalion, Brigade, Division, Corps, Theater
(NCO) - Name five consecutive levels of Army organization from lowest to highest.
Chain of Command
Explain the Chain of Command.
The succession of commanders superior to subordinates through which command is exercised
What are the key elements of command?
Authority and responsibility
How does the Chain of Command support the NCO support channel?
By legally punishing those who challenge a sergeant’s authority
What is the role of the Command Sergeant Major?
Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Commander
NCO Support Channel
What is the NCO Support Channel?
It is the channel of communication that reinforces the Chain of Command
When was the NCO support channel formally recognized?
20 December 1976
What is a sergeant?
A leader
What is Sergeant’s Business?
To train and lead Soldiers
When was the position of Sergeant Major of the Army established?
4 July 1966
The Soldier’s Creed
I am an American Soldier.
I am a Warrior and a member of a team.
I serve the people of the United States and live the Army Values.
I will always place the mission first.
I will never accept defeat.
I will never quit.
I will never leave a fallen comrade.
I am disciplined, physically and mentally tough, trained and proficient in my warrior tasks and drills.
I always maintain my arms, my equipment and myself.
I am an expert and I am a professional.
I stand ready to deploy, engage, and destroy the enemies of the United States of America in close
combat.
I am a guardian of freedom and the American way of life.
I am an American Soldier!
Warrior Ethos
I will always place the mission first.
I will never accept defeat.
I will never quit.
I will never leave a fallen comrade.
Explorer Creed
Leading by example.
Doing PT will make me strong physically and mentally.
Respecting all people at all times.
Strength is in my team.
Honor and integrity is my way of life.
I am an Explorer.
Performing my duties in a Military manner.
Rifle Marksmanship Fundamentals (FM 3-22.9)
What are the four fundamentals of marksmanship?
1. Steady position
2. Proper sight picture
3. Breathing
4. Trigger squeeze
What are the two basic elements of the Sight Picture?
1. Sight alignment
2. Placement of the aiming point
What is a malfunction?
The weapon ceasing to fire due to a stoppage resulting from mechanical failure of the weapon,
magazine or ammo.
What does the acronym SPORTS stand for?
Slap, Pull, Observe, Release, Tap and Shoot
Describe the proper procedure for applying remedial action with the M16/A2
1. Try to place the weapon on Safe
2. Remove the magazine
3. Lock the bolt to the rear
4. Place the weapon on Safe (if not already done)
What is the definition of Maximum Effective Range?
The greatest distance at which a soldier may be expected to deliver a target hit
Rifle Marksmanship Firing Positions
7-1. ALTERNATE PRONE FIRING POSITION
This position is an alternative to both prone supported and unsupported firing positions (Figure 7-1). The
firer can assume a comfortable position while maintaining the same relationship between his body and
the axis of the rifle. This position relaxes the stomach muscles and allows the firer to breathe naturally.
Figure 7-1. Alternate prone firing position.
7-2. KNEELING SUPPORTED FIRING POSITION
This position allows the soldier to obtain the height necessary to observe many target areas, taking
advantage of available cover (Figure 7-2). Solid cover that can support any part of the body or rifle
assists in firing accuracy.
Figure 7-2. Kneeling supported firing position.
7-3. KNEELING UNSUPPORTED FIRING POSITION
This position is assumed quickly, places the soldier high enough to see over small brush, and provides a
stable firing position (Figure 7-3). The nonfiring elbow should be pushed forward of the knee so the
upper arm is resting on a flat portion of the knee to provide stability. The trailing foot should be placed
in a comfortable position.
Figure 7-3. Kneeling unsupported firing position.
7-4. STANDING FIRING POSITION
To assume the standing firing position, the soldier faces his target, executes a facing movement to his
firing side, and spreads his feet a comfortable distance apart (Figure 7-4). With his firing hand on the
pistol grip and his nonfiring hand on either the upper handguard or the bottom of the magazine, the
soldier places the butt of the rifle in the pocket formed by his firing shoulder so the sights are level with
his eyes. The weight of the rifle is supported by the firing shoulder pocket and nonfiring hand. The
soldier shifts his feet until he is aiming naturally at the target and his weight is evenly distributed on both
feet. The standing position provides the least stability but could be needed for observing the target area
since it can be assumed quickly while moving. Support for any portion of the body or rifle improves
stability. More stability can be obtained by adjusting the ammunition pouch to support the nonfiring
elbow, allowing the rifle magazine to rest in the nonfiring hand.
Figure 7-4. Standing firing position.
7-5. MODIFIED SUPPORTED FIRING POSITION
Once the basic firing skills have been mastered during initial training, the soldier should be encouraged
to modify positions, to take advantage of available cover, to use anything that helps to steady the rifle, or
to make any change that allows him to hit more combat targets. The modified prone firing position uses
sandbags to support the handguard and frees the nonfiring hand to be used on any part of the rifle to hold
it steady (Figure 7-5).
Figure 7-5. Modified supported firing position.
Cover, Concealment, and Camouflage
What is Cover?
Physical protection from bullets, fragments of exploding rounds, flame, nuclear effects and
biological and chemical agents
What are two types of Cover?
1. Natural (Logs, Trees, Stumps, Ravines, Hollows)
2. Man-made (Fighting positions, Trenches, Walls, Rubble, Craters)
What is Concealment?
Protection from enemy observation
Give some examples of natural concealment.
Tree limbs, Bushes, Tall grass, Shadows
Give examples of natural materials which can be used to camouflage you and your equipment.
Leaves, bushes and grass
Where should live foliage be gathered?
As far as possible behind your position, so the enemy cannot see where it has been taken from.
Military Time
PLEASE NOTE: Military time does not have a Colon (:), but 24 hours clocks do!
Military 24
hour
0100
1:00 AM
Military 24
hour
1300
0200
2:00 AM
1400
2:00 PM
0300
3:00 AM
1500
3:00 PM
0400
4:00 AM
1600
4:00 PM
0500
5:00 AM
1700
5:00 PM
0600
6:00 AM
1800
6:00 PM
0700
7:00 AM
1900
7:00 PM
0800
8:00 AM
2000
8:00 PM
0900
9:00 AM
2100
9:00 PM
1000
10:00 AM
2200
10:00 PM
1100
11:00 AM
2300
11:00 PM
1200
Noon
0000 or 2400
Midnight
Regular Time
Regular Time
1:00 PM
Army Values
LOYALTY
Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit, and other soldiers.
DUTY
Fulfill your obligations.
RESPECT
Treat your people as they should be treated.
SELFLESS-SERVICE
Put the welfare of the nation, the Army, and your subordinates before your own.
HONOR
Live up to all the Army values.
INTEGRITY
Do what’s right, legally and morally.
PERSONAL COURAGE
Face fear, danger, or adversity (Physical or Moral).
Drill and Ceremonies
What Field Manual covers Drill and Ceremonies?
FM 3-21.5
Do you always stand at the position of attention when giving commands?
Yes
Name three types of commands in drill.
1. Two-part
2. Combined
3. Supplemental
What are some examples of a combined command?
At Ease, Fall in, Rest
Can a command be changed after the command of execution has been given?
No
From what position are all stationary movements given?
The position of attention
What are the 4 rest positions can be given at the halt?
1. Parade Rest
2. Stand at Ease
3. At Ease
4. Rest
In marching from the halt, what is your lead foot?
Your left foot
Who is responsible for training and appearance of the Color Guard?
The Command Sergeant Major
Customs and Courtesies (AR 600-25)
What is the official song of the U.S. Army?
“The Army Goes Rolling Along”
Where do you walk when walking with someone senior to you?
On the senior’s left
When meeting an officer in the open, how far away should you be before rendering the hand
salute?
Approximately 6 paces when your paths will bring you close by, or within speaking distance when
making eye contact. (You should also give the greeting of the day.)
Who salutes in a group of soldiers not in formation?
The first person to see the officer should call the group to attention and everyone should salute with
the exception being a work detail.
Can you salute as a prisoner?
No, you have lost the right to salute.
Who exits a military vehicle first?
The senior person, then in ascending order
What is the only time that you do not remove your headgear when reporting to an officer?
When under arms
When are you considered under arms?
When you are carrying a weapon in your hand, by sling or by holster
Courtesies to the National Colors (United States Flag)
How many stripes does the American flag have?
13 stripes (7 red and 6 white)
What do the colors on the flag represent?
Red –Hardness and Valor
White – Purity and Innocence
Blue – Vigilance, Preservation and Justice
What are the two ways that the flag can be displayed?
1. Flat
2. Hanging free
How is the flag flown on Memorial Day?
At half-mast until noon, then from noon until retreat sounds, it is at full staff.
How is the American flag raised to the half-staff position?
It is first raised to the top of the staff for an instant, then lowered to half-staff
If a flag is in the half-staff position, how is it lowered?
It is first raised to the top of the staff for a brief moment, and then it is lowered
Are the colors ever dipped as a salute or a compliment?
Never on land, only at sea when 2 friendly ships of war meet
How is the flag draped over the casket?
So the stars are over the left shoulder
When a President or past President dies, how long is the flag flown at half-mast?
30 days
General Orders
General Order
Number 1
I will guard everything within the limits of my post and quit my post
only when properly relieved.
General Order
Number 2
I will obey my special orders and perform all my duties in a military
manner.
General Order
Number 3
I will report violations of my special orders, emergencies, and anything
not covered on my instructions to the commander of the relief.
Guard Duty (FM 22-6)
What two types of orders can a guard receive?
1. General Orders
2. Special Orders
What do special orders define?
Exactly what a guard must do at a particular post
Who is responsible for the instruction, discipline and performance of the guards?
The commander of the guards
What are two types of guard duty?
1. Interior guard
2. Exterior guard
What are the two words that the countersign consists of?
Challenge and Password
At what position do you hold your rifle while challenging?
Port Arms
What is deadly force?
The power to cause death or severe bodily harm
SALUTE Reporting
The SALUTE report format requires brief entries which require the collector to break information down
into basic elements: who, what, where, when, why, and how. This allows for efficient reporting via
electronic or hardcopy medium. It also allows the analyst to quickly scan multiple reports to find specific
information.
The information below provides guidance and is not to be construed as strict requirements. SALUTE
reports of combat activity may only contain a word or two in each entry, whereas Intelligence reports tend
to include more detail.
TO: Usually the address of the supported S2/G2 (according to unit SOP)
FROM: Your unit or team designation, or your duty position, as appropriate
DTG: The date-time group of when the report is being submitted
Report Number: From local SOP
1. (S)ize/Who: Expressed as a quantity, and echelon, or size (e.g., 1 x BDE=Brigade). If multiple
echelons are involved in the activity being reported, there can be multiple entries (e.g.,1 x BDE; 2 x
BN=Battalion). Non-standard units are reported as such (e.g., bomb-making class; support staff).
2. (A)ctivity/What: This line is the focal point of the report and relates to the PIR or important non-PIR
information being reported. It should be a concise bullet statement.
3. (L)ocation/Where: Generally a grid coordinate, including the 100,000 meter grid zone designator.
The entry can also be an address, if appropriate, but still should include an 8-digit grid coordinate.
City names will always be followed by the two-character country code. If the activity being reported
involves movement (advance, withdrawal, etc.) the location entry will include "From" and "To"
entries. The route used will be reported under "Equipment/How."
4. (U)nit/Who: This entry identifies who is performing the activity described in the "Activity/What"
entry. Include the complete designation of a military unit, identification of a civilian or insurgent
group, or the full name of an individual, as appropriate.
5. (T)ime/When: For a future event, this is when the activity will initiate. Past events are usually not the
subject of SALUTE reports, but if a past event is to be reported, the Time/When entry will generally
reflect when the event ended. Ongoing events are reported as such. Reports of composition of forces,
morale, and Electronic Technical Data and other non-event topics are reported as ongoing. When
reporting on a disposition, the "Time/When" entry is generally the last time the source was at the
disposition.
6. (E)quipment/How: The information reported in this entry clarifies, completes, and/or expands upon
information reported in any of the previous entries. It includes information concerning equipment
involved, tactics used, and any essential elements of information not reported in the previous
paragraphs.
7. Remarks: Use this entry to report the source of the
information, whether a person, a CED, open-source
media, or other source. Include the date of information
and the PIR that the reported information addresses.
Map data for coordinates given in the "Location/Where"
entry are included, stating map series name, sheet
number, scale and edition. If there are enclosures to the
SALUTE report, such as sketches, they are annotated
here.
Appendix A: The Army Song
“The Army Goes Rolling Along”
INTRO: March along, sing our song, with the Army of the free
Count the brave, count the true, who have fought to victory
We’re the Army and proud of our name
We’re the Army and proudly proclaim
VERSE: First to fight for the right,
And to build the Nation’s might,
And The Army Goes Rolling Along
Proud of all we have done,
Fighting till the battle’s won,
And the Army Goes Rolling Along.
REFRAIN: Then it’s Hi! Hi! Hey!
The Army’s on its way.
Count off the cadence loud and strong (TWO! THREE!)
For where e’er we go,
You will always know
That The Army Goes Rolling Along.
VERSE: Valley Forge, Custer’s ranks,
San Juan Hill and Patton’s tanks,
And the Army went rolling along
Minute men, from the start,
Always fighting from the heart,
And the Army keeps rolling along.
(refrain)
VERSE: Men in rags, men who froze,
Still that Army met its foes,
And the Army went rolling along.
Faith in God, then we’re right,
And we’ll fight with all our might,
As the Army keeps rolling along.
(refrain)
Appendix B: Rank Insignia Recognition
Army Officers
(Information Courtesy of U.S. Army)
Second Lieutenant (2LT)(O1)
Addressed as "Lieutenant." Typically the entry-level rank for most Commissioned Officers. Leads
platoon-size elements consisting of the platoon SGT and two or more squads (16 to 44 Soldiers).
First Lieutenant (1LT)(O2)
Addressed as "Lieutenant." A seasoned lieutenant with 18 to 24 months service. Leads more specialized
weapons platoons and indirect fire computation centers. As a senior Lieutenant, they are often selected
to be the Executive Officer of a company-sized unit (110 to 140 personnel).
Captain (CPT)(O3)
Addressed as "Captain." Commands and controls company-sized units (62 to 190 Soldiers), together
with a principal NCO assistant. Instructs skills at service schools and The United States Army combat
training centers and is often a Staff Officer at the battalion level.
Major (MAJ)(O4)
Addressed as "Major." Serves as primary Staff Officer for brigade and task force command regarding
personnel, logistical and operational missions.
Lieutenant Colonel (LTC)(O5)
Addressed as "Lieutenant Colonel" or "Colonel." Typically commands battalion-sized units (300 to
1,000 Soldiers), with a CSM as principal NCO assistant. May also be selected for brigade and task force
Executive Officer.
Colonel (COL)(O6)
Addressed as "Colonel." Typically commands brigade-sized units (3,000 to 5,000 Soldiers), with a CSM
as principal NCO assistant. Also found as the chief of divisional-level staff agencies.
Brigadier General (BG)(O7)
Addressed as "General." Serves as Deputy Commander to the commanding general for Army divisions.
Assists in overseeing the staff's planning and coordination of a mission.
Major General (MG)(O8)
Addressed as "General." Typically commands division-sized units (10,000 to 15,000 Soldiers).
Lieutenant General (LTG)(O9)
Addressed as "General." Typically commands corps-sized units (20,000 to 45,000 Soldiers).
General (GEN)(O10)
Addressed as "General." The senior level of Commissioned Officer typically has over 30 years of
experience and service. Commands all operations that fall within their geographical area. The Chief of
Staff of the Army is a four-star General.
General of the Army (GOA)
This is only used in time of War where the Commanding Officer must be equal or of higher rank than
those commanding armies from other nations. The last officers to hold this rank served during and
immediately following WWII.
Army Enlisted
(Information Courtesy of U.S. Army)
In general terms these Army ranks are broken down into three groups - Junior Enlisted (E-1 through E4), NCOs (E-4 through E-6) and Senior NCOs (E-7 through E-9).
Army Junior Enlisted Ranks (E-1 to E-3)
The term as a military rank seems to come from the Sixteenth Century when individuals had the
privilege of enlisting or making private contracts to serve as private soldiers in military units. Before the
Sixteenth Century many soldiers were forced (conscripted) into service by royalty or feudal lords.
Some sources claim that the use of "private" as an official "rank" dates back to the 18th century when
the French Army, under Napoleon, established the permanent rank of Soldat.
Private (E-1)
Private (PVT), the lowest Army rank, is normally only held by new recruits while at Basic Combat
Training (BCT), but the rank is occasionally assigned to soldiers after a disciplinary action has been
taken. The Army Private (E-1) wears no uniform insignia.
Private 2nd Class (E-2)
Private 2nd Class (PV2) is the first promotion most enlisted Soldiers can earn after completing basic
combat training (BCT). The Private's job is be to apply the new skills and knowledge learned during
basic training and to continue to learn how to follow orders given by higher-ranked supervisors.
Private First Class (E-3)
Private First Classes (PFC) are the basic workforce strength and rank of the U.S. Army. PFC is the point
in which junior enlisted soldiers begin the transition from apprentice to journeyman by developing
technical and leadership skills.
Army Non-Commissioned Officers (E-4 to E-6)
Like nearly all the other branches of the Armed Forces, the United States Army consider all ranks E-4
and above to be NCOs. Corporals (E-4) are referred to as junior NCOs, however, they are given the
same respect as any other NCO.
Corporal (E-4)
The rank of corporal was established in 1775 with the birth of the Army and the NCO Corps. Along with
the rank of sergeant, the corporal is the only rank which has never disappeared from the NCO Corps.
The rank of corporal has always been placed at the base of the NCO ranks. For the most part, corporals
have served as the smallest unit leaders in the Army: principally, leaders of teams.
Like the grade of sergeant, corporals are responsible for individual training, personal appearance and
cleanliness of their soldiers.
As the command sergeant major is known as the epitome of success in the NCO Corps, the corporal is
the beginning of the NCO Corps. As the NCO Corps is known as the backbone of the Army, the corporal
is the backbone of the NCO Corps.
Sergeant (E-5)
Sergeants (SGT) operate in an environment where the sparks fly - where the axe meets the stone.
Although not the lowest level of rank where command is exercised, this level is the first at which
enlisted soldiers are referred to as sergeant, and of all the grades of the NCO, this one, very possibly, has
the greatest impact on the lower ranking soldiers. Privates, who are the basic manpower strength and
grade of the Army, generally have sergeants as their first NCO leader. It is the grade sergeant that the
privates will look to for example.
Like the next grade, the staff sergeant, the sergeant is responsible for the individual training, personal
appearance and the cleanliness of their soldiers.
The sergeant is also responsible for insuring that
•
Each member of their unit is trained to competency in their MOS as prescribed in the appropriate
soldiers manual.
•
All government property issued to members of their unit is properly maintained and accounted for
at all times and discrepancies are promptly reported.
•
While on duty status, they be ready at all times to report to the location and activity of all
members of their unit.
•
Their unit is trained to function in its primary mission role.
The authority of the sergeant is equal to that of any other grade or rank of the NCO.Professionally
competent leaders inherently command respect for their authority and the sergeant must be
unquestionably competent in order to carry out the mission correctly, accomplish each task and care for
assigned soldiers.
The rank of sergeant is not a position for learning how to become a leader, no apprenticeship here. While
certainly the new sergeant will be developing new skills, strengthening old ones and generally getting
better, he is a sergeant!!! and is therefore, no less a professional than those grades of rank to follow.
Staff Sergeant (E-6)
The Staff Sergeant rank closely parallels that of the sergeant in duties and responsibilities. In fact, the
basic duties and responsibility of all the NCO ranks never change, but there are significant differences
between this step in the NCO structure and the preceding one.
The major difference between the staff sergeant and the sergeant is not, as often mistakenly believed,
authority, but rather sphere of influence. The staff sergeant is in daily contact with large numbers of
soldiers and generally has more equipment and other property to maintain.
The SSG often has one or more sergeants who work under their direct leadership. The SSG is
responsible for the continued successful development of sergeants as well as the soldiers in their section,
squad or team.
Army Senior Non-Commissioned Officers (E-7 to E-9)
Although the Army does not make the official distinction in the rank structure, enlisted ranks of Sergeant
First Class and above (E-7 – E-9) are generally referred to as Senior NCOs and they carry increasing
levels of responsibility and demand greater levels of respect and deference.
Although there are only three pay grades, the SNCO ranks actually cover six separate ranks or
designations – Sergeant First Class (Platoon Sergeant), Master Sergeant, First Sergeant, Sergeant Major,
Command Sergeant Major, and the Sergeant Major of the Army.
Sergeant First Class (Platoon Sergeant) (E-7)
The SFC is the first level at which the term senior NCO properly applies. The platoon sergeant or
sergeant first class generally has 15 to 18 years or more of military experience and is rightfully expected
to bring that experience to bear in quick, accurate decisions that are in the best interest of the mission
and the soldier.
Depending on experience and billet assignments, the SFC's role may be that of platoon sergeant or
NCOIC (NCO in Charge) of the section.
'Platoon Sergeant' is a duty position, not a rank, the platoon sergeant is the primary assistant and advisor
to the platoon leader, with the responsibility of training and caring for soldiers. The platoon sergeant
takes charge of the platoon in the absence of the platoon leader. Platoon sergeants teach collective and
individual tasks to soldiers in their squads, crews or equivalent small units.
The position title of platoon sergeant is considered key in the command structure of the Army. The
platoon sergeant generally has several staff sergeants who work under his direct leadership.
During the Vietnam era, the platoon sergeant was affectionately referred to as the "Plat-Daddy", and
although the term has since faded, the role remains that of the "Father of the Platoon."
Master Sergeant and First Sergeant (E-8)
The Master Sergeant's Roles and Responsibilities - The Master Sergeant is the principal NCO at the
battalion level, and often higher. Not charged with all the leadership responsibilities of a First Sergeant,
but expected to dispatch leadership and other duties with the same professionalism.
The First Sergeant's Roles and Responsibilities - When you are talking about the first sergeant you
are talking about the life-blood of the Army. When 1SGs are exceptional, their units are exceptional,
regardless of any other single personality involved. Perhaps their rank insignia should be the keystone
rather than the traditional one depicted here. It is the first sergeant at whom almost all unit operations
merge. The first sergeant holds formations, instructs platoon sergeants, advises the Commander, and
assists in training of all enlisted members.
The 1SG may swagger and appear, at times, somewhat of an exhibitionist, but he is not egotistical. The
first sergeant is proud of the unit and, understandably, wants others to be aware of his unit's success.
The title of address for this grade is not sergeant, but first sergeant! There is a unique relationship of
confidence and respect that exists between the first sergeant and the Commander not found at another
level within the Army.
Sergeant Major and Command Sergeant Major (E-9)
The Sergeant Major's Roles and responsibilities - The SGM is the key enlisted member of staff
elements at levels higher than battalion. The sergeant major's experience and ability are equal to that of
the command sergeant major, but the sphere of influence regarding leadership is generally limited to
those directly under his charge.
The Command Sergeant Major's Roles and Responsibilities - Enlisted soldiers who attain the
distinction of being selected by the Department of the Army for participation in the command sergeants
major program are the epitome of success in their chosen field, in this profession of arms. There is no
higher grade of rank, except Sergeant Major of the Army, for enlisted soldiers and there is no greater
honor.
The command sergeant major carries out policies and standards of the performance, training,
appearance, and conduct of enlisted personnel. The command sergeant major advises and initiates
recommendations to the commander and staff in matters pertaining to the local NCO support channel.
Perhaps slightly wiser and more experienced than the first sergeant, the CSM is expected to function
completely without supervision. Like the old sage of times past, the command sergeant major's counsel
is expected to be calm, settled and unequivocally accurate, but with an energy and enthusiasm that never
wanes, even in the worst of times.
Assignable to any billet in the Army, the CSM is all those things, and more, of each of the preceding
grades of rank.
The Sergeant Major of the Army (E-9S)
The Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA) is a rank held by only one enlisted Soldier at a time. The holder
of this rank is the most senior enlisted member in the Army. The SMA's primary function is to address
the issues of enlisted soldiers at the Army's highest levels. The SMA is the senior enlisted advisor to the
Army Chief of Staff and is selected based on his (or her) outstanding leadership, extensive experience,
and ability to communicate both up and down the Army chain of command. The SMA is giving the
highest level of honor and respect of any other enlisted Soldier.
Each SMA's duties are determined by the current Chief of Staff. However, as a rule the SMA serves as
the Army hierarchy's eyes and ears keeping the Chief of Staff abreast on virtually any subject that affects
enlisted Soldiers and their families.
(Information Courtesy of U.S. Army)