Private Sector and Community Safety in Latin America and the Caribbean Flávia Carbonari
W ld B k
World Bank Sustainable Development Department
Latin American and the Caribbean Region ICPC Colloquium February 2012
ICPC Colloquium, February, 2012
Outline of Presentation
1.
Context 2.
World Bank’s Approach to Community Safety in LAC
3.
Public‐Private Partnerships and Community y
Safety: a Guide to Action
4.
Private Sector engagement in the UPP Program Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
5.
Challenges & Limitations of Private Sector Engagement in Prevention
Engagement in Prevention
1. Context
Homicide rates by country, LAC (UNODC 2011) Source: UNODC
• Context • World Bank’s Approach and activities in LAC
• The Guide on Public‐Private Partnerships and Community Safety
• Case study: UPP Program in Brazil
• Ch
Challenges & Opportunities for Private Sector ll
&O
t iti f P i t S t
Engagement
Costs on Welfare and Public and Private Expenditures
Firms security costs and losses due to crime as percentage of firm sales (2006)
4.5%
4.5%
3.9%
3 7%
3.7%
Security costs
LLatin Ame
erica
Panama
P
Nicaragua
N
Honduras
H
Guatemalaa
G
El Salvadorr
2.5%
5 CA coun
5
ntries
3.1%
Losses
Source: “Crime and Violence in Central America: A Development Challenge”. World Bank 2011.
2.8%
2. World Bank’s Approach to Community Safety in LAC
Safety in LAC
Key Areas of Work
• Analytical work
• Operational engagement
• Advisory services/Technical assistance
• Capacity building
• Strategic partnerships
3. Public‐Private Partnerships and Community Safety: Guide to Action
Public‐Private Partnerships and Community Safety: A Guide to Action • World Bank and InstitutoSou da Paz (2010): Public‐
private partnerships
i t
t
hi and citizen security in Latin d iti
it i L ti
America and the Caribbean
• ICPC (2005): Sharpening the Lens: Private sector participation in crime prevention
in crime prevention
• Bogota Chamber of Commerce: Practitioner’s Chamber of Commerce: Practitioner’s
Perspective
Why a guide dedicated to the private sector?
• Affected by violence and crime, companies are engaging in prevention
• Unique position to
q p
contribute to the welfare and security of communities: y
9New player that can bring innovation
9Transfer of knowledge g
9Resources
9Political power
p
9Potential to increase sustainability of project
• Companies seeking new ways to
seeking new ways to contribute
• Initiatives that can be built upon
• Lack of reference materials to support them in this area
Types of private sector involvement in prevention
Trends of private sector engagement in community safety in LAC •
Most operate at the local level •
Type of participation: Most mixed participation and involving cash donation
Type of participation: Most mixed participation and involving cash donation
•
Partners: Preference to donate and participate in projects led by CSOs
•
Beneficiaries: Emphasis in vulnerable communities and youth
•
Types of projects: community mobilization, education, training
How can the public sector and civil society organizations engage the private sector in specific interventions?
• Safety audits and mapping
• Mapping the business network
• Mobilizing the private sector
• Establishing the partnership
• Monitoring & Evaluation
l
Accountability mechanisms
• Accountability mechanisms
4. Private Sector Engagement in the UPP Program, Rio de Janeiro
Program, Rio de Janeiro
The Case of the UPPs in Rio de Janeiro
C t t
Context
• Two decades of drug trafficking control of slums (favelas) in the city
Two decades of drug trafficking control of slums (favelas) in the city
• Lack of basic services and state presence
• High levels of crime and violence, stigmatization – a divided city • Upcoming events and massive investments created the perfect momentum for a coordinated new effort to restore citizen security The Case of the UPPs in Rio de Janeiro
UPPs – Police Pacification Units (2008)
Permanent presence of new and specially trained
police within the selected favela communities
¾ Disarmament of the drug traffic, reduction and control of crime and violence.
•
Social UPP – Phase II
•
Coordination mechanism that maps government, private sector, and civil society programs/interventions and channels them towards specific goals
¾ Long term social development of the favelas.
i ld l
f h f l
Importance of the Private Sector for UPP efforts
• Fi
Financial resources (equipment, police training, social i l
(
i
t
li t i i
i l
activities)
• Ensure that the program would be resilient to political changes
• Mobilization of media and citizen support
• New approach: from “handouts” to beneficiaries to investment in potential consumers
p
Private sector involvement in pacified favelas
¾95 initiatives as of December 2011 (in contrast to 7 in 2008)
T
Types of Intervention
fI
i
¾ 63 mixed
Main Beneficiaries
Main Beneficiaries
¾ 40 targeted the entire community, 26 specifically youth
Most common types of projects
Most common types of projects
¾ 46 focused on education and access to information
¾ 31 on productive inclusion and income generation
p
¾ 30 on cultural and sports activities
¾ 13 focused directly on security: 7 targeted the police, 3 conflict resolution
Partners
¾75 carried out in partnership with the government (municipal, state, or federal)
Private sector incentives to invest in UPPs areas
• Unique opportunity to play an active role in the d l
development of the city
t f th it
• Access to new consumer markets
k
• Opportunity for regularization of services • Invest in potential labor force for booming sectors of the economy
5. Challenges and Limitations of Private Sector Engagement in Prevention
Challenges and limitations
Challenges
• Lack of private sector knowledge about community L k f i t
t k
l d
b t
it
safety
• Reluctance to be associated with perceived negative Reluctance to be associated with perceived negative
causes • Expectations of immediate results
Expectations of immediate results
• Lack of trust in the public sector
Limitations
• Not part of the private sector mandate
• Private interests Pi t i t
t
Conclusions
• Private sector is a new key actor, in a unique position to contribute to prevent and reduce iti t
t ib t t
t d d
crime and violence
• Need to disseminate practices that have worked and promote knowledge exchange
• Multiple opportunities for further engagement
Thank you
[email protected]