Contents
Item
Baserunning philosophy
Baserunning fundamentals checklist
General Baserunning rules
Baserunning fundamentals
Leads
Primary lead
Tagging at 3rd base
Intangibles Knowledge of the opposition
Mental check list
Concentration
Evaluation and calculation
Around the bases
Optimal base running path
Home to 2nd base optimal path
Diagram of optimal path
Lead at 3rd base
Sliding
Stealing bases
Drill sequence for running bases
Sliding drills
Sprint drills
Page number
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BASERUNNING PHILOSOPHY
The art of base running is, and will continue to be, an integral and important part
of the game of softball. Yet, at the same time, it is often taken for granted.
Arguably, the single-most important factor in being an excellent base runner is
the ability to “think” while running the bases, oftentimes at full speed. It is this
single ingredient, coupled with other intangibles and learned base running skills,
that will inevitably determine the base running abilities of any player.
Running speed is a tremendous advantage, but only if it is controlled. Whether a
player has above average or below average speed, they should be required to be
alert, attentive and knowledgeable of their own abilities (including speed,
quickness, reaction time etc) By taking these responsibilities, they give their team
a better chance of winning by not “running into outs” or taking their team out of a
big innings.
If every player commits to running hard, it will not only “condition” umpires, but
will ultimately force outfielders to make mistakes by hurrying their throws or not
fielding cleanly.
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Baserunning Philosophy
BASERUNNING FUNDAMENTALS CHECKLIST
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Date:
Running through 1B
Rounding 1B
Taking Signs
Checking Defense
Taking Lead
Breaks
Getting Back on Pitch
Finding the ball
Comments
Return after pitch
Tagging Up
Ready for batted ball
React to ball in dirt
nd
Slides into 2 Base
Rounding the bag
Taking signs
Checking the defense
Taking lead
Size of lead
Getting back on pitch
Return after pitch
Tagging up
Ready for batted ball
React to ball in dirt
rd
Slides into 3 Base
Rounding the base
Checking the defense
Taking lead
Size of lead
Getting back on pitch
Return after pitch
Tagging up
Reading ball off bat
React to ball in dirt
Squeeze
Slides into home
OVERALL
Aggressive baserunner
BR Practice habits
st
Times to 1 Base
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nd
Time Stealing 1 –2
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Baserunning Philosophy
General Base Running Rules
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
When on second base with less than two outs, ball in front of you must go through the
infield before advancing. Unless it is a slow roller or a ball the third base man has to
charge.
When on third base be ready for the pass ball or wild pitch, you may be able to score.
When on third base be ready to run on any ground ball unless told not to by the coach.
Tag up on all routine fly balls, on shallow ones go half way down the line so that you can
score if it is not caught.
Touch the front inside corner of all bases when rounding them, makes no difference which
foot.
Watch yourself touch the base, there is no excuse for missing a base.
Always know where the ball is, you should never get picked off by the hidden ball trick.
If not sure if you are safe or out, always assume you are safe until the umpire tells you are
out.
When there are two runners on the same base the lead runner is entitled to the base. If
you are the slower of the two, you should let them tag you, if you are equal, both stay on
the base until the umpire tells you to go.
The pitcher and your ability to get back to the base safely should determine the distance of
your lead.
You should never get picked off if you are not stealing.
Force the pitcher to throw to first base early in the game so we can all see their move. You
should use a one way lead when doing this.
Always slide on close plays except at first base, unless it is a tag play.
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Baserunning Philosophy
BASERUNNING FUNDAMENTALS
Base runners should be aggressive and make every effort to put pressure on the
defence at every opportunity. A base runner should eliminate "the routine play"
from their mind. They should expect the field to make errors and run the bases
accordingly.
Base runners will be taught to use their own judgement. They know how fast they
can run and their physical limitations. Coaches will be aggressive in relation to base
running so the runners should always be looking the extra base.
There are a few rules which apply to base running irrespective whether you have
just hit the ball or are on base :
•Base runners should run with their head up so they can see what is
happening at all times.
•After hitting the ball or running from 1B to 2B the runner should glance at
the ball simply by turning their head enabling them to pick up the ball and
make an assessment whilst maintaining the direction to where they are
running. This is applicable on ground ball, Hit and Run, Run and Hit and
straight steal.
•Base runners should always touch every base.
•In all cases the base runner should pick up the trajectory of the ball to
enable them to obtain a better break on a bad pitch. Their concentration
here should be second to none.
Practising correct mechanics and techniques when running the bases will not only
teach the players properly but will also add to their physical conditioning. It is
therefore important that base running is taught well and practised often.
Home to 1B
Infield Ground Ball
•Hitter should concentrate on footwork out of the box. The first few steps
should be short with a good body lean.
•Runner should run "through" the base and touch the front part of the base
with either foot. As you touch you lean in.
•After touching runner should look down 1B line for possible overthrow or
error but be careful not to make any movement that could be construed as
an attempt to advance to 2B.
Single to Outfield
•Do not step to the left to initiate swinging out to the right.
•Touch the inside front corner of the base with either foot and use it as a
turning point with good body lean.
•Single to RF, square off to RF. To CF or LF face off towards 3B line and
prepare yourself to advance on a misfielded ball.
Baserunning is an art form that too many players overlook. Speed is definitely an
added bonus for running the bases, but it‟s hardly the only requirement. A ball
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Baserunning Philosophy
player who possesses average speed can be an outstanding base runner as long
as the baserunner has the proper instincts on the bases.
Overall Speed:
Speed is an asset as a base runner. A player who can run well should exhibit that
speed whenever possible by hustling down the first base line, on the bases on in
the field.
Quickness:
Not to be confused with raw speed. This refers to the first few steps. Some
runners, even those who don‟t possess great speed, are particularly good at
getting a quick start on bases.
Instincts: “The 6th Sense”
A base runner who is daring and aggressive on bases creates pressure on the
opposition. That doesn‟t mean taking risks in running your team out of an inning,
but rather knowing when to steal a base, how to slide, how to take an extra base
on a base hit etc. The solid base runner can couple their speed, quickness, and
instincts to make themself a threat on the basepaths.
Sliding Ability:
Can they slide effectively, bent leg slide, hook slide, Pop up slide, head first. All
these add to their effectiveness.
Coaching Signals:
Must have ability to see and react to the 3rd base coach. Do they run with their
heads down? Do they run intelligently?
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Baserunning Philosophy
Leads
Primary Lead
In softball because the base runner is on the bag and can only come off the bag as the
pitch is delivered then the base runner needs momentum to make up the difference in
gaining a lead that will amount to a primary lead of 12 to 14 feet off the bag and still
maintain control to get back to the bag by diving back which would probably be the case
when playing a team that has excellent fielding and throwing skills.
When the runners are in their set up when getting ready to come off the bag and read
the pitch and play. The base runner will facing toward second base with their (left foot) in
front of the bag and their right foot touching the bag. So in effect the set up with the feet
is staggered with the weight on the balls of the feet and the knees and arms in a flexed
position with the head over the belly button. They will initiate their timing and action on
the motion of the pitcher. The timing of this action will be when the pitcher initiates their
arm swing at the top of the arm swing the base runner will be rocking back and then
when the base runner sees the elbow disappear they should explode off the base and
get into a primary lead. This lead should be between 12-15 depending upon the
catching, throwing and fielding ability of the opposition. For a team that has exceptional
skills then a more conservative approach should be take and the standard should be set
at 12 feet. For a team with average skills a more aggressive approach will be the order
of the day.
Also in teaching the set up with the footwork in a staggered position then the critical
factors will be the timing of the pitcher in gaining momentum and acceleration off the
base. From teaching the set up to a primary lead off, to a straight steal of the base to a
fake steal of the base. The initiating action of this movement is crucial each and every
time to insure that the defence is constantly reacting to what our team is doing and we
are dictating an aggressive offensive stature of the game.
Analysis and Biomechanical Feedback. In addressing what the most effective time is
then have a coach with a stop watch time the pitchers release when delivering the ball to
the plate when the ball gets to the catcher. Time the catcher from the time the pitch hits
their glove until it arrives at second base, and add 1/10 of a second for a tag. Add them
all together and compare them with your runner’s time with a 12-15 foot lead. Give this
information to your runner so that they know what type of lead and jump they should use
if everything is perfect on the defensive side. The runner must also factor in the catcher’s
throwing accuracy and the type of pitch they expect. The curve ball and change-up are
going to be slower to the plate. For every 1 mph of difference in velocity, add 1/100 of a
second onto the release time. Also, remember that lots of drops, off-speed pitches,
change-ups end up in the dirt so make sure the base runner is aware and is in an
heightened sense of anticipation of any ball that is thrown in the dirt.
Tagging at 3B on Fly Ball
•Runners must discipline themselves to always tag on fly balls and freeze on
line drives when the situation calls for it.
•A runner should tag up facing the play so they can see the catch. They
should touch up with their left foot so they are facing inside or if ball is hit
down left field line you would use your right foot.
•As the ball nears the fielders glove the runner should start to lean down and
forward, building up momentum for the push off from the base.
•On a deep fly ball the runner should allow themself plenty of time to leave
the base (do not leave early.)
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Baserunning Philosophy
Intangibles
I.
KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPPOSITION
A.
A player‟s knowledge should also relate to the opposition, this is,
all nine defensive players. They should be particularly aware of the
abilities of the outfielders:
1)
Who has the strongest/weakest arm? Most/least accurate?
2)
Who is more or less mobile than the others?
3)
Who does or does not field well?
NOTE: A team should be required to view and become familiar with the
opposition’s outfielders during pre-game infield practice.
II.
MENTAL CHECKS/SELF-TALK
A.
Before and after every out, all runners on base, as well as the
batter-runner, should anticipate their reaction to any given play or
possible situation. This continual “thinking process” is fostered
through mental checks and self-talk. After reaching base, finding
the ball, and acknowledging your third base coach for a sign, a
player should:
1)
Know the number of outs. If uncertain, call time out and ask
your first base coach or umpire. Don‟t always trust the
scoreboard.
2)
Check the positioning of the outfielders (playing shallow, deep
or shifted to one side of the field).
3)
Check the positioning of the infielders for possible shifts.
4)
Ask and answer your own questions about what to do on
ground balls, fly balls, line drives, etc..
NOTE: When it comes to line drives, particularly through the infield, a
player should “automatically freeze” and make certain the ball
carries uncaught before continuing.
III.
CONCENTRATION
A.
Many base running mistakes are due to a lack of concentration.
The ability to focus attention is not a natural instinct and should be
learned and practiced by all players at all times. A player‟s
“reaction time” in many parts of the game is particularly affected by
concentration.
IV.
EVALUATION AND CALCULATION
A.
A skill of great importance, the ability to evaluate and calculate
one‟s chances to reach a base safely cannot be underestimated.
Together with concentration, these skills become imperative to
becoming an excellent base runner. Based on the knowledge of
their and the opposition‟s abilities, a player must determine their
chances. Some situation examples are:
1)
Taking the extra base
2)
Advancing on a passed ball, wild pitch
3)
Tagging up on fly balls
4)
High hops in the infield
5)
Sinking line drives to the outfield
AROUND THE BASES
I.
HOME TO FIRST BASE
A.
B.
On a ground ball to the infield, a runner should maintain speed
through the base. They should also:
1)
Hit the middle front of the safety base simply because it‟s
the nearest point from home plate. On a bang-bang play,
hitting the base on top or back could result in a sure out.
2)
A forward lean on contact with the base could help to
convince an umpire (conditioning). This principle is similar to
that of a track star (sprinter) who leans into the tape at the
finish line.
3)
Use short quick steps to decelerate, and
Glance up the line to look for an overthrow.
On a clean single (possible double) to the outfield a runner should:
1) The athlete does not want to slow down in their approach to touching
first base and to maximize their route to second base. So again
markers or visual cues ( cones) should be placed to allow the athlete
to get a “feel” for their base running route and technique in their
approach to first base. A batting tee should be placed in front of
home plate and the batter should be told that their swing is a game
time performance swing. When breaking out of the batter box the
batter this time should be angling out toward the line to the visual
marker (cone).
2) The angle of approach should be about 700mm to 1m outside the
baseline and the visual cone will be put out about 4m from the base
in order for the batter to make their approach to the base and get in
line to touch first base and break toward second.
3) In dealing with the mindset of the athlete it is important to reinforce to
them they are always looking to go to second base and to take
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Baserunning Philosophy
advantage of any misplayed balls in the outfield. Again this type of
mindset will put constant and sustained pressure on the defence both
mentally and physically.
4) So let us take a look at the diamond set up. I have taken the diamond
set up from a paper presented by Lachlan Penfold (National Strength
and Conditioning Coach of the Womens Australian Softball Team).
To ensure that the „optimal‟ base running path is taken, it is essential
to ensure that the diamond is set out both accurately and correctly.
Of most importance is the need to have the “turn” markers at the
correct distances. These “turn” markers are the points at which the
athlete needs to change their line of run to firstly make their arc
st
nd
through 1 Base, and secondly, to head toward 2 Base after
st
rounding 1 Base. If these markers are not at the correct distances
back from 1st base, then the angles of the run and the line that the
athlete takes through these paths will be less than „optimal‟, and
would be therefore slower.
5) It is suggested that at these points you have an „inside‟ and „outside‟
marker as a path for which the athlete passes through. This range for
the path will allow the athlete to determine the path which best suits
their style of running, and their speed and strength levels. It is
suggested that the following ranges be used:
Component: Distance from base
Range
Home-1st
4.8m from 1st
0.9-1.8
Home-2nd
5.7m from 1st
Model width
1.1m
2.04m
1.8-2.7
As the athletes become more familiar with this method of base
running, you may find that all athletes tend to follow a similar or
narrower path, and that the “range” for the markers can be reduced.
This diamond set up will be used as the model for the Australian Womens National
Team and will be the model for the NTC Victorian program. Also it is important to
note that these numbers are in very close proximity to the numbers that I have used
over the years to make sure the athletes are running the bases from rounding the
base from 1st to 2nd and then going to second base on a double.
Volume of Workload.
As this method of running may be different for some athletes, and somewhat
unfamiliar for most, there will need to be a larger number of doubles run initially so
as to develop a learning effect that becomes somewhat habitual. It is also suggested
that these runs will be at less than maximal intensity pace initially, which will ensure
the athletes‟ have the opportunity to perform the skill correctly as well as having the
opportunity to perform this method while learning what line of run is ideal for them. It
is suggested that in this early stage of learning or familiarisation that the total
distance for the run may be reduced. This would allow the athlete more opportunities
to perform the „rounding‟ or „turn‟ phase
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Baserunning Philosophy
How will it work?
The idea is that one specific path will not suit every individual. Due to difference in
speed levels, strength levels, body types, as well as varying game situations, the
athletes will not all have the identical base running path. As seen on the diagram,
while specific points have been noted, a range/path has been illustrated as an
attempt to cater for all individuals. As time goes on, you will have the opportunity to
practice running this method within those ranges, and develop the path that best
suits you. It is important to note that as you become more familiar with the path, your
„optimal‟ path may change.
It is hoped that at least once to twice a week you will have the opportunity to practice
this method at training so that you can become both comfortable and proficient with
the technique. Cones or lines will be set up as guides for you to use that you can
attempt to get used to this method.
One final thing?
Dr. Lois Klatt, a US based biomechanist who has worked with the Chicago White
Sox, has suggested that when rounding the base you ideally should try and hit the
base with your inside (left) foot. This would then allow you to use your next step
(right foot) to immediately try and straighten up your line of running. The key word is
ideally There are 2 things to note:
1) The athlete should attempt to maintain a normal stride pattern through
to the base. If this means that you will hit the base with your right foot,
then do so, as it will be quicker than having a major alteration in your
stride pattern.
2) With the base running line that you will be adopting, there is less need
to “pull” yourself back on line, as the athlete adopts a straighter line
st
through 1 base and have less centrifugal force acting on their body
that you need to change.
On a final note when touching the inside corner of first base make sure that you are
utilising your arms when touching the inside corner of first base. The term is pulling
in and dropping the left shoulder but stated in this article if the proper route is taken
then your route and body line will bring you back into the most direct path to second
base. It is worth noting though that you still may want to teach using the arms and
pulling in to let the athlete feel the effect when running a least effective route so they
can adjust.
It breaking down the base routes and paths to take this will ensure that the base
runner will have the most effective chance in maximizing their technique and speed
to run the bases “hard” and to insure that the opposition will face an opponent that
maximizes their skills in running the bases to their fullest potential.
Also to note is that markers (cones) should be set up in the base paths between
second and third and at third base. This again is to give visual reference to the base
runner is to the most direct route in going from second to home on a base hit. Again
the markers (cones) should be at a point that is in the proximity of the markers at first
in angling the body to accelerate through the bag at third and put them the base
runner in the most effective path to score running down the third base line.
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Baserunning Philosophy
Home to 2nd – The Optimal Path
Why are there different paths?
It is interesting to note the number of different running paths, and to speculate
why these may occur. Some of the reasons could be due to the following
factors:
Individual physical attributes such as
Individual speed levels
Individual strength levels
Physical size
Variations in coaching methods that you have been exposed too
Different game situations
Basic Laws of Motion - What do you want to try and do?
The idea when running to second is to try and maintain your fastest possible
speed for the longest amount of time, while minimising the amount of
deceleration that occurs during that run.
Any change of direction will cause a degree of deceleration of the body, with
the sharper the change of direction the greater the deceleration force
required. The sharper the change of direction, the greater the forces acting
on the body and the greater the potential risk for injury. Ideally it would be
best if you could minimise the amount of deceleration by making your turns as
smooth as possible.
Finally, your ability to maintain the highest possible speed through the turn will
allow you to leave the turn at a higher speed. This will obviously allow you to
reach higher speed levels quicker, therefore meaning a faster time from
Home to 2nd.
The main features of the model were to develop a path that minimised the
running distance between Home and 2nd, whilst at the same time attempting
to reduce the curvature at 1st base. This then allows the athlete to maintain
the highest running velocity possible between Home and 2 nd.
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Baserunning Philosophy
Mathematical Model
5.7 m
2.04 m
4.8 m
5.7
1.1 m
5.7
5.7
Above is a diagram of the proposed home to 2nd base path derived from the
fitting of mathematical equations.
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Baserunning Philosophy
II.
THE LEAD AT FIRST BASE
RUNNER ON FIRST BASE
Thinking process:
I.
Trajectory of ball (dirtball)
II.
Ground ball (down angle)
A.
Break up double play
B.
Beat throws to second base
C.
Advance first base to third base on hit
1)
D.
Need third base coach on base hit to right field
Score on double
III.
Freeze on line drive
IV.
Fly ball
A.
A.
Half way
B.
Possible tag in big park
C.
Texas league hit
The lead cannot be taken till the pitcher releases the ball. The
runner should adjust to when the pitchers‟ delivery is at the bottom
of the arc.
Here‟s a guide to use:
1) With eyes on the pitcher and left foot on the bag, and feet apart
with the body parallel to the baseline. The body is parallel to the
baseline (facing the infield . not facing directly the direction in
which the runner is heading .e.g 2nd base).
NB: This is in direct contrast to what has been previously taught,
where the runner was taught to start in a crouched position with the
body facing the direction to which they are headed (e.g. 2 nd base).
Then as the pitcher released the pitch, the runner would take a lead
towards 2nd base. The danger of this type of lead is that the runner‟s
body motion is all towards 2nd base and must then be brought under
control prematurely to return to 1st base. Otherwise a return to 1st
base can be quite difficult.
2) At 1st Base it is permissible, (as the pitcher releases the ball to the
plate) to use a shuffle and/or a glide. When the pitcher‟s arm is at the
bottom of the arc, if the baserunner starts their move to leave the
base, by the time they have left the base the ball will be at the
catcher. This usually is one crossover and two shuffles will put a
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Baserunning Philosophy
runner in position dependant upon their physical size, and able to
extend the size of their lead while ball is in the air.
3) There should be no rush on the runners part. They need to time
their lead so the ball is at the plate when they complete their
second crow hop/shuffle. This will give them the momentum
required in case of a hit or pass ball.
4) When the pitchers hand is at the bottom of the arc, step away in an
imaginary line drawn from the back of first base to the back of
second base, bring your left foot forward and even with the back
edge of the bag. To complete your lead, while staying in a balanced
and ready position, take a slide step to the right by replacing your
right foot with your left. Remember, to stay low and be quick,
readying yourself for a quick pick-off move. In this position you
should:
5) Be in a balanced position, with feet slightly wider than shoulder
width. Shoulders should remain square to the base line, giving
equal chance to explode in either direction.
6)
a)
Have weight evenly distributed on the instep of both feet.
This is your “power position” and should be felt on the inside
of both quadriceps.
b)
Have your arms either comfortably out in front of your body
or on your knees.
On a “Steal”, the lead taken as the pitcher releases the ball to
home plate. Timing becomes important on the steal. As the
pitcher‟s hand reaches the bottom of the arc, the runner should
start their movement (on the theory by the time they actually
leave the base, the pitcher will have released the ball).
6.1 The body is parallel to the baseline.
6.2 The first movement is to “pivot” or turn the right foot as the
body turns to 2nd base. If on grass, the right foot may have to
be lifted slightly (if so make sure the foot does not then move
backwards towards 1st base) The runner uses a crossover step
with the left foot.
6.3 The body is kept low for the first 2-3 steps as the runner gains
full momentum to 2nd base.
6.4 The weight is mostly on the right foot but inside the knee. This
gives the momentum towards 2nd base, but enables you to
return more easily to first base on a called pitch or a swing and
miss. If this happens, take an initial hard step back to first
base with your eyes on the catcher for a potential pick off
throw.
6.5 Be looking for a down angled ball off the bat. A line drive
tells you to freeze and a fly ball gives you time necessary
to retreat.
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Baserunning Philosophy
6.6 As a general rule, a low pitch = Ground ball, a high pitch =
fly ball
3. FIRST TO THIRD
A. This is sometimes called the most exciting play in softball and
requires agility, body control, quick thinking and good calculative
skills to be successful.
B. As a general rule the only time a runner needs their third base
coach is when the ball is hit behind them (right field) and their back
is to the play. Any other ball hit cleanly to the outfield (third base line
to right center field) is the responsibility of the runner. They must
trust their judgment and evaluate their chances of reaching third
base safely. If the ball is hit to right field the runner should:
a. Pick up their third base coach halfway to two-thirds of the
way to second base. In some cases the ball has yet to reach
the right fielder and you may still be waved to third base.
b. Look down to hit second base on the inside corner while
consciously making as sharp a turn as possible.
c. Immediately look up to receive a second sign from the third
base coach while running at full speed. If they stop you,
put on the brakes and break hard back to second base. If
they wave you on, continue to third base and receive another
sign to either stand up, round the bag (and pick up the ball)
or slide.
C. On a hit and run, while the hitter‟s responsibility is to hit the ball on
the ground the runner should:
1. Relax, not be overanxious, and get the best jump possible as if
stealing the base.
2. After breaking hard two steps, glance in to see the hitter make
contact.
3. If the ball is in the air, read it and go as far as possible.
4. Keep going on a line drive. If an infielder catches the ball, you
won‟t be able to return safely.
5. If a hitter misses the ball, try to steal the base (or get back if you
had a bad jump).
4. THE RUNNER ON SECOND BASE
1. Trajectory of ball (dirt ball)
2. Ground ball (down angle)
A.
B.
C.
1)
D.
5 ways to advance to third base (less than 2 outs)
Line drive: freeze
Score on base hit
Need third base coach
Fly ball
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Baserunning Philosophy
1)
E.
A.
Check the positioning of your outfielders and infielders. The same
applies with the runner having their body parallel to the baseline,
facing into the infield toward the pitcher. When the pitcher delivers
the ball begin your lead the same as if at first base. Also:
1)
Be aware of how far you are from second base once you
finish your lead. Don‟t get caught in “no man‟s land”.
2)
Your abilities will tell you how much distance you can get.
Stay within yourself. Don‟t be too conservative yet don‟t be
over-aggressive.
3)
B.
Evaluate chance to tag
Texas Leaguer
1) Evaluate chances to advance - may not score
Do not forget to give yourself a mental check of the game
situation. If there are less than two outs and only you at
second base, remember not to run into an out at third base
by being sure the ball is through the infield on the shortstopthird base side or any ground ball on the first base-second
base side of the field.
There are five ways to get to third on a ground ball:
1)
Ground ball to shortstop‟s left
2)
Ground ball the shortstop charges
3)
Ground ball the third baseman charges
4)
Ground ball the third baseman goes deep to their left in the
hole
5)
Ground ball down the line, deep, to the third baseman‟s
backhand and on the throw to first base.
C.
On a clean single and an attempt to score, continue to run hard
and hit the inside corner of the base. Once you have made contact
with the base, immediately look up to find your third base coach
and note their signal to continue home or stop and return quickly to
third base.
D.
With two strikes on the hitter, and two outs, break on the swing,
intending to score.
5. THE LEAD AT THIRD BASE
A.
Execution and concentration become paramount when discussing the
lead at third base. The lead should put you at three and one half steps
of the end of your lead in foul territory. As the pitch reaches the hitting
zone, open up with your right foot as the ball passes through the strike
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Baserunning Philosophy
zone. The last step should bring you down in foul territory, feet parallel
to the foul line. Timing is very important here.
B.
Communication is important when scoring from third base. Oftentimes a
third base coach will communicate with their runner on third. They may
relay several instructions or plays that could occur. These are:
1)
Contact play: the coach wants you to “go on contact”, taking a
chance that the hitter will hit a ground ball. Don‟t forget to freeze on
a line drive.
2)
Tagging up: on a fly ball hit routine deep with less than two outs,
return to bag and tag up.
3)
Halfway: on a shallow-hit ball where you cannot tag and score, go
halfway and return to the bag if caught.
6. SLIDING
A. Every player should be knowledgeable of the different slides used
during the course of the game. Because bang-bang plays are common
on a steal or a throw from the outfield, how and where you slide
becomes important.
1)
The head-first slide is popular but still proves to be risky. A jammed
shoulder or finger, or worse, occurs often during a season because
of this slide. Caution should be taken and alternatives used more
often. If you use this slide, don‟t forget to find the ball immediately
after reaching the base. You may have to pop up quickly and
advance on an errant throw. Try holding your batting gloves in your
hands. This will make you keep a “fist” and therefore prevent the
fingers from being jammed.
2)
The hook slide is used mostly when the ball has either beaten the
runner and/or is off the line but still playable. The runner should
slide away from the ball and hook the bag with their foot. If, in
sliding hard, the runner slides past the bag they should be ready to
grab a corner with their hand.
a)
If the ball is to the left of the bag, slide to the right and use the
left foot to hook.
b)
The opposite occurs when the ball is thrown to the right of the
bag.
3)
A normal feet first slide is acceptable but the condition of the dirt
around the bag comes into play. If the dirt is soft or wet, you won‟t
travel as fast and may even slide short of the base. Players should
be aware of the conditions of the field before the game starts.
Don‟t forget to communicate this to your teammates before it
happens.
4)
The pop-up slide is probably the best slide. If done correctly, it can
intimidate fielders and enables the runner to be ready to advance
more quickly because they are already standing. The slide should
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Baserunning Philosophy
be hard and the shock absorbed by changing the direction of the
force upward. Don‟t forget to find the ball and look for an
opportunity to advance.
B.
Breaking up the double play is an important part of the game and could
make a difference on the outcome of the score. A runner should
anticipate which side of the base the fielder will go and head in that
direction.
1)
With legs bent they should slide through, not to the base or fielder.
They should make contact with the fielder‟s feet with the top of
their own feet, the ankle, or even the shin.
7 STEALING A BASE
GOLDEN RULE:
A.
if you don't get the break, don't go
Information is a key to stealing a base. It is sometimes more
relevant than speed. That is why a runner with average speed and
quickness but outstanding ability, is sometimes more effective than
a runner with outstanding speed and quickness, but lacking
intricate information, thus causing self-doubt and instilling fear of
getting thrown out or picked off.
This information is realised through either self-observation or
communication between teammates. By studying pitchers, some
points that will give a runner an advantage are:
B.
1)
What is their best pitch? If it is their curve ball or change up,
will they throw it with a fast runner at first base? An average
runner at first base?
2)
Do they have poise? Some pitchers become unsure or
unnerved with runners on base.
Relaxation and concentration are skills that usually take time to
learn effectively. Because it goes hand in hand with confidence,
game-situation drills can be helpful.
1)
C.
The key is to relax and focus, then to trust your responsetime and quickness in either direction. These skills, along
with the information you may have about any given pitcher,
give the runner a much better chance of success.
Who has the advantage? In the pitcher-catcher Vs runner
confrontation, certain things have to happen, in my opinion, to
throw out a runner:
1)
The pitcher must throw a ball their catcher can handle.
Against a faster runner, off speed pitches make a catcher‟s
job more difficult.
2)
The catcher must handle the pitch cleanly and throw a ball
to second base that is catchable and within a given area if
they expect to be successful.
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Baserunning Philosophy
3)
The fielder must catch the ball and make an effective tag.
Given these events, the runner has the advantage. Put the pressure on the
defense.
Be aggressive, but calculate your chances according to the game
situation (inning, score, count, who is coming to the plate).
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Baserunning Philosophy
Drill Sequence for Running The Bases
Run "loose" with no tension. This does not mean not to run hard, it just means don't run tense.
Shoulders are level. Hands and arms work in a "piston-like" manner-- the hands go no higher
than the shoulders in front and no further back than the hips behind. Hips are level, like the
shoulders. Knees come up to the level of the hips. The toes land before the heels. Run in a
straight line.
Running to (through) First Base - (ground ball on the infield)
Baserunning starts at the crack of the bat! Good hitting mechanics allow a player to
get a better jump out of the batter's box.
First step out of the batter's box - Right handed hitter will take their first step to first
base with their right foot. A left handed hitter would crossover with their rear foot (left)
by opening up their stride foot (right) after contact with the ball.
Quick Peek - On the third or fourth step, the batter may grab a quick peek to see if the
ball is on the infield (and he's running through the bag), or got through the infield to
the outfield (and he's making a turn at first base), or got between the outfielders (and
he's thinking double) Do not watch the ball after your quick peek -- it only slows you
down.
Run in a straight line for first base You must run in the restraining box that begins
about 1/2 way up the first base line. If you are hit with a thrown ball and you are not in
the restraining box, you can be called out.
The runner must never leap for first base.
The runner must attempt to touch the front of the safety base.
The runner must touch first base every time. The runner must run full speed through
first base.
On ground balls on the infield think of first base as the finish line in a race. Good
runners "run through" the finish line.
After running full speed through first base, the runner then takes short jab steps to
body under control and look toward toward foul territory for the overthrow.
Rounding First Base - (ground ball through the infield)
On your quick peek you see the ball is through the infield.
About half way toward first base, begin your banana turn but only veer out to 1 metre
and then begin your arm about 4 metres from the base.
Hit the inside corner of the bag with your inside foot (left) Make the ball stop you.
LEAN YOUR BODY INTO THE INFIELD.
Follow the ball all the way back to the bag
We're thinking "two out of the box." Doubles are made between home and first not
between first and second.
You're a Runner on First Base and A Fly Ball is Hit in the
Outfield
On fly ball to right, go 1/3 of the way between 1st and 2nd. You will have to turn yourself so
you can see if the right fielder catches the ball. On fly ball to centre, go about 1/2 way between
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Baserunning Philosophy
1st and 2nd. On fly ball to left, you can go almost 2/3 of the way between 1st and 2nd. Your
weight is on the balls of your feet. Your arms are hanging loosely in front of you. If the ball falls
in, you're on your way to second base. If the ball is caught, you're scampering back to first
nd
base. If you see the back of the left fielder, consider tagging up and going to 2 base on the
catch. If a left fielder is running back to take the catch, they will find it difficult to throw you out
nd
at 2 base. So often you seen the left fielder make a good catch and struggle to then get a
nd
st
throw to 2 base, and at the same time the runner is merely running back to 1 base. Read
the play, if you can take advantage of it, tag up.
You're a Runner on Second Base and a Ball is Hit (no runner on first)
"Apply the Rule": On ground ball to right side (second base, first base), advance to third. On
ground ball back to pitcher, hold and make sure he throws the ball to first (you can be a couple
of steps off the bag, just don't be so far off that the pitcher can pick you off), then if you've
gotten a good jump, go over to third. On ground ball to left side, make the third baseman or
shortstop throw the ball to first before attempting to go to third. (You can be a couple of steps
off the bag, just don't be so far off that they can pick you off.) Make a line drive go through.
don't get doubled off ! On fly balls, if it's obviously going to be caught - go back to second to
tag up. If the fly ball is kinda iffy (may be caught and may not be caught), you need to be far
enough off the bag so that you can score if the ball falls in for a hit, but not so far off the bag
that they can double you off if the ball is caught. Obviously, the coach doesn't have time to go
over all of possible scenarios in a game. So, I'll just say: Apply the Rule.
You're a Runner on Third Base
Scoring on a passed ball or wild pitch
As the ball goes by the batter, the runner at third will push off the bag with their back foot and
take two or three hard strides toward home plate in foul territory (if you are hit with a batted
ball in fair territory, you're out), finishing with their weight going forward. Then, if there is a
passed ball or a wild pitch, the runner is in position to score. If the catcher catches the ball, the
runner retreats back to third base, but he does so in fair territory (so if the catcher throws to
third the ball has a good chance of hitting the runner in the back, caroming into left field and
we score the run).
Tagging up on fly balls
Make the line drive go through. Don't get doubled off! On any fly ball to the outfield that isn't
obviously a base hit (and less than two outs. With two outs, of course, you're off on contact),
you go back to third base and tag up. Timing is very important. If you leave the base too soon,
they can appeal the play and you can be called out. If you leave the base too late, they may
throw you out at the plate. If it's going to be a close play, the runner must leave the base at the
exact time the ball touches the glove of the outfielder. The runner must be able to observe the
catch himself, rather than relying on the third base coach to tell them to tag up. The only way
the runner can clearly see the ball while tagging up at a base is to have the foot on the base
that will allow them full sight of the baseball as it is touched by the outfielder. Just as the ball
touches the outfielders glove, the runner pushes off hard with their foot that is in full contact
with the base, achieve maximum acceleration as quickly as possible, and slide at home plate.
If you run into the catcher and don't slide, they will call you out. You must slide at home.
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Baserunning Philosophy
Sliding Drills
Sliding should be practiced regularly to increase each player‟s comfort
level with the skills. The better you slide, the better, and safer, you will
run the bases.
1.
2.
3.
Crab drill
Each player starts out on the ground in the „crab position‟ (stomach
facing the sky), weight on all fours with the butt raised off the ground.
The coach names a slide and claps their hands. At the clap, players
drop into the form of the named slide and hold till the coach checks.
Wet or mud sliding
This drill is great for rainy days. Have players wear a pair of long pants
they don‟t mind ruining as well as some old socks. Wet an area of
grass (checking to make sure it is clear of debris) or wet a tarp that has
been secured to the ground. Have the players run 90 feet and slide
into the wetted area.
Cardboard sliding
With a piece of cardboard the size used for wrapping appliances, open
it up and lay it on the ground. Have the players take their shoes off,
line up and one at a time, run to the cardboard and practice their
sliding techniques.
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Baserunning Philosophy
Sprint Drills
1. Leg Cycling Drill
Lean against a wall or hurdle with both hands. Swing one leg through using the
sprinting motion. Concentrate on not over extending the leg behind the body; instead
allow the heel to touch the buttocks during the recovery followed by a high knee lift
then pawing the ground to complete the cycle. Ten times with one leg constitutes one
set. Do three sets with each leg.
2. Hip Kickers Drill
While jogging Swing the heel backward until it bounces off the hip. Keep the upper leg
relatively straight concentrating on moving the heel to the hip as quickly as possible.
Ten kicks with each leg is one set. Do three sets with each leg.
3. Quick Stride Drill
While jogging increase the stride rate and take as many steps as possible in fifteen
yards. Jog for fifteen yards then repeat the drill. Emphasize the fastest possible
turnover moving the legs in front of the body, not behind it. Sixty yards, fifteen yards
jog then fifteen yards sprint. Up and back is one set. Do three sets.
4. Pull Through Drill
Extend the front leg in front of the body like a hurdler, and then bring it down in a
powerful motion through its contact with the ground. Ten repetitions with each leg is
one set. Do three sets with each leg.
5. Quick Support Drill
From the knee position emphasize dropping the foot to the ground then lifting it as
quickly as possible. The foot pushes from the ground and lifts into the high knee
position. Ten touchdowns with the leg is one set. Do three sets with each leg.
Alternate drills, doing one each day, make sure players are doing them
correctly and not just going through the motions.
Quickness Drills
1. Up and Go
Have players lay on their backs, legs should be straight and arms at their sides. At
your command they get up as fast as they can and sprint to you. Sprint should be no
more then fifteen yards. As you walk back to the other side the players prepare to do it
again. Repeat drill ten times. You should monitor there running form and quickness at
getting up.
1.
Three Hops and Explode
Have players line up in a single file line. They should get into base running form and at
your command hop on their back leg making sure that they are bending their knee, on
the third hop they should push off their back leg and sprint to you. The speed at which
they do the hops is not as important as making sure that they are doing them properly.
Distance should be about thirty yards. Make sure that both legs are worked on.
Repeat drill ten times
2.
Criss Cross
Have players form lines of four or five. Players should be in base running form. At
your command they cross one leg over the other and continue to criss cross their legs
24
Baserunning Philosophy
until they reach you. When all the groups get to you have them criss cross back to the
starting point. Distance should be about twenty yards. Monitor foot work, make sure
that they keep their heels of the ground. Repeat drill ten times.
3.
Two Minute Run
Have players run a distance that must be covered in two minutes. They should rest for
three minutes and then repeat the drill. While they are resting they should be walking
and taking deep breaths. Start at five repetitions and increase as conditioning
improves. Should be done twice a week.
4.
Up and Go Reverse
Have players pair up and lie on their stomachs. Give one player a ball, at your
command player with the ball should get to their feet as quickly as possible, get to the
throwing position and make a throw to their partner. Good drill for working on throwing
and developing quick feet. This drill can become a good competition for players.
5.
Knees and Up
Have players put their knees on the ground. The object is to get to their feet as quick
as possible without dragging their feet. Upper body should bend forward and then
extend upward with legs pushing up, feet should get to the throwing position. A good
drill for catchers to help develop quick feet and strong legs.
6.
Slo - Mo - Run
Have players form lines of four or five and work on proper running form at slow motion
speed. Distance should be about thirty yards. Make sure that they are getting their
knees up, keeping their hands loose and pumping their arms using the full range of
motion.
SUMMARY
On the way to becoming a complete softball player, don‟t forget about base
running.
Take time to learn and implement vital information given you in order to
achieve your goal of playing internationally.
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Baserunning Philosophy