Spelling-to-sound correspondences affect acronym
recognition processes
PLAYFOOT, David <http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-334X> and IZURA,
Cristina
Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at:
http://shura.shu.ac.uk/8451/
This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the
publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.
Published version
PLAYFOOT, David and IZURA, Cristina (2015). Spelling-to-sound correspondences
affect acronym recognition processes. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,
68 (5), 1026-1039.
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http://shura.shu.ac.uk
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Table 2 – Acronym printed frequencies comparisons
Log
AltaVista Log
Google Log
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
B
!.013
!.012
!.015
SE B
.003
.003
.003
β
!.076†
!.078†
!.094†
R2
.203
.204
.206
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R2
Bing
Note † p < .05
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Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
3. Standardized regression coefficients (β) for the four multilevel analyses carried out on
acronym recognition times.
Analysis 1
Analysis 2
Analysis 3
Analysis 4
Step 2
Ambiguous Typical
".032
Ambiguous Atypical
".046†
Step 3
Number of Letters
".019
".021
".039
".037
Number of orthographic neighbours
".018
".023
".017
".021
Imageability
".250**
".258**
".255**
".263**
Rated Frequency
".023
".018
".019
".015
Printed Frequency1
".056
".058
".059
".061
Age of Acquisition (AoA)
".069†
.073†
".064
".067†
Trigram Frequency
".030
Bigram Frequency
".020
Number of Syllables
.009
".008
.009
Number of Phonemes
.042
.040
AoA by Ambiguous Typical
.121**
.121*
.120**
.120**
AoA by Ambiguous Atypical
.001
.006
".001
".004
Rated Frequency by Ambiguous Typical
".051
".057
".056
".061
Rated Frequency by Ambiguous Atypical
.020
.015
.015
.011
Printed Frequency by Ambiguous Typical
".017
".014
".014
".011
Printed Frequency by Ambiguous Atypical
.028
.034
.027
.034
Imageability by Ambiguous Typical
.127*
.133*
.131*
.137*
Imageability by Ambiguous Atypical
".039
".034
".008
".030
.283
.283
.283
.283
2
1
".024
The printed frequency value used in these analyses was taken from the Bing search engine.
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Note: ** < .001, *
< .01, †
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Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Table 4. Wald statistics for the four multilevel analyses carried out on acronym lexical decision
accuracy.
Analysis 1
Analysis 2
Analysis 3
Analysis 4
Step 2
Ambiguous Typical
6.193†
Ambiguous Atypical
9.085*
Step 3
Number of Letters
.475
.849
.004
.921
Number of orthographic neighbours
4.342†
2.206
4.552†
2.513
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50.577**
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49.836**
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.402
.426
.327
.431
Printed Frequency
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12.225*
9.261*
12.899**
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1.294
.393
1.234
.612
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6.312†
Bigram Frequency
10.608*
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.733
5.563†
9.995*
.357
Number of Phonemes
.036
.226
AoA by Ambiguous Typical
.068
.154
.160
.160
AoA by Ambiguous Atypical
.170
.073
.085
.044
Rated Frequency by Ambiguous Typical
.038
.156
.140
.233
Rated Frequency by Ambiguous Atypical
2.354
2.296
2.613
2.506
Printed Frequency by Ambiguous Typical
.901
1.710
1.022
1.718
Printed Frequency by Ambiguous Atypical
4.159†
4.936†
5.014†
5.824†
Imageability by Ambiguous Typical
1.009
.969
1.196
1.055
Imageability by Ambiguous Atypical
2.963
2.937
3.136
3.188
Note: ** p < .001, * p < .01, † p < .05
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Figure 3 – Mean printed frequency of correct and incorrect responses to each type of acronym.
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