Grade7 History – Review for final test
Topic
Information
Loyalists
1.
2.
3.
North West
Company
1.
2.
3.
Métis
1.
2.
3.
Immigration to
Canada
1.
2.
3.
War of 1812
1.
2.
3.
Name:
Loyalists











When the American Revolution broke out in 1775 many people that did not support the war moved up to
British North America – 50,000 went to BNA, 30,000 went to Nova Scotia.
They were loyal to the British Crown and did not support the American Revolution.
They moved to Nova Scotia and southern Ontario because it was easy to get to from eastern America via sea
or inland water routes of rivers and lakes.
They were given free land plus some financial support from the British Crown for their first 3 years and were
expected to take care of the land on their own after that.
New Brunswick is carved out of Nova Scotia to allow for increasing numbers of Loyalists entering the region.
A few thousand Black families also immigrated and most settled in Nova Scotia.
Convinced the government to allow for private land ownership in Quebec which caused Quebec to be
divided into Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec).
Brought the English language to Ontario for the first time.
Organized township system of surveying and development in undeveloped territory.
Modern Ontario owes its foundation to these immigrants.
Were instrumental in resisting the invading American armies when the War of 1812 broke out.
North West Company





A fur trading company developed in 1783 in Montreal by French fur traders after Britain took over New
France.
Competition to the Hudson’s Bay Company.
Fought over trading routes and trading partners with the Hudson’s Bay Company fur traders.
Used southern trading route by Ottawa and St. Lawrence river for hunting and trading.
Joined with Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821 to form one, large fur trading company.
Métis






People who have a First Nations parent and European parent.
Were an important part of the development of the West.
The Metis are a recognized Aboriginal people in Canada today.
Originally developed out of the fur trade in south-eastern Rupert's Land, primarily in the Red River
Settlement (now Manitoba) and the Southbranch Settlements (Saskatchewan).
Métis leader, Louis Riel defended the Metis people and their land at Red River when the new immigrants
started to move in when Manitoba joined Canada.
Riel established a provincial government and resisted the transfer for almost one year.

The Canadian government did finally acknowledge Riel’s provincial government and negotiations between
the two forms of government.Métis Leader, Louis Riel moved along and the Manitoba Act was established.

The Manitoba Act guaranteed that the Metis would receive title for the lands they already farmed and
farmland for the use of their children. The act also set aside land for the Métis, with each family receiving
scrip, a certificate. In order to receive scrip for children living or deceased, proof of birth in Manitoba prior
to 1871 was required, such as a baptismal or death certificate from the church or a letter from an employer
such as the Hudson's Bay Company.
Immigration to Canada

Great Migration of Canada 1815 to 1850 over 800,000 immigrants came to Canada, mainly from Europe.

In 1828, during the Great Migration of Canada, Britain passed the first legislative recognition that it was
responsible for the safety and well-being of immigrants leaving the British Isles. It was called An Act to
Regulate the Carrying of Passengers in Merchant Vessels. The Act limited the number of passengers who
could be carried on a ship, regulated the amount of space allocated to them, and required that passengers
be supplied with adequate sustenance on the voyage.

The industrial revolution in Britain forced a lot of people to migrate to North America in search of jobs and a
better life.

The building of the CPR was to encourage immigration to western parts of Canada.

The only way to get to British Columbia before the railway was by sea or through the U.S.
War of 1812
















War was between British and United States.
United States declared war on Britain in June 1812.
British claimed the Americans did not fully honour the Treaty of Paris to pay compensation to the Loyalists
who were affected by the American Revolution.
U.S. were angered that the British would not return runaway slaves who escaped to BNA and wanted money
to pay for them.
Britain was upset with US for interfering in war they were having with France. Called it illegal interference or
‘Impressment’ when British soldiers deserted their own navy and went and fought with the U.S. navy.
American politicians believed that the people living in Canada didn’t want to be part of Britain control and
thought they would become part of the U.S.
Canadiens, Loyalist, recent British immigrants and First Nations people all resisted U.S.
Sir Isaac Brock – British soldier who led many battles for Britain. Defended Fort George in Niagara-on-theLake.
Tecumseh – led First Nations people to help Britain against the U.S.
Laura Secord – warned British soldiers of a planned attack by U.S. near Niagara Falls.
War went as far as Washington where the original American president White House was burned.
There were war ships on Lake Ontario and Lake Erie.
1814 the treaty of Ghent was reached to end the war.
No one won the war, but it led to significant development of British North America.
Americans renounced all claims to British North America and the Great Lakes were established as the
boundary.
It was the beginning of Canada becoming its own country separate from Britain.