Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine
The Catholic University of Korea
Woo Jin Chung, Hui Su Lee, Sul Mui Won, Yoon Hong Chun
Jong-seo Yoon, Hyun Hee Kim, Jin Tack Kim, Joon Sung Lee
1
This research was funded by the Korea Research Foundation
(KRF) an association within the Korean Government (MEST)
(No. 2009-0066649) and by Seoul St. Mary’s Clinical Medicine
Research Program (2009) through the Catholic University of Korea

HRV
 m/c cause of common cold
 Associated with asthma
exacerbation and COPD
 HRV in airway epithelium
 directly infects the airway epithelium
 induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production
recruitment and activation of the inflammatory cell
resulting in airway inflammation
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:1178-1187
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
Inhaled sulfur dioxide :
 easily hydrated to sodium sulfite (Na2SO3)
in respiratory tract
en.wikipedia.org
 can cause tissue damage and
Bronchoconstriction (Balmes et al. 1989)
 may impair the immunity and defense function of
the respiratory tract (Basbaum et al. 1990)
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
Na2SO3
 Known to have Pro – inflammatory properties
 Enhance IL-8 from the airway epithelial cells
(Pelletier et al. 2002; Yang et al. 2008)

Elevated ambient SO2
 Associated with increased risk of respiratory tract infection
(Barnett et al. 2005)
SO2 may influence susceptibility of respiratory tract
infection
 What is the mechanism of SO2-associated respiratory
infection?
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
Investigating the effect of Na2SO3
Na2SO3
RV – induced chemokine production
in the airway epithelial cell
Na2SO3
group
A549 cells seeding
(1 x10 5 cells/well )
cultured
Na2So3(2500 μmol/well)
and cultured
RV
group
RV-7 at 1 x10 4 TCID50/mL
and cultured
Na2SO3
+
RV
Na2So3(2500 μmol/well)
RV-7 at 1 x10 4 TCID50/mL
and cultured
Neg.
control
RV-7 Inactivated by UV
and cultured
Control
group
No treatment
and cultured.
Interleukin (IL) – 8
Chemokine assay
by ELISA
Supernatant
after cell culture
mRNA assay for
each chemokine
Regulated on
activation, normal T
cell expressed and
secreted (RANTES)
Interferon – γ –
inducible protein – 10
(IP-10)
Cell viability measuring Using MTT
(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay
RV infectivity assay
Using TCID50
IL-8 mRNA level relative to control group
NaSO3 group > control *
RV group > control *
NaSO3 + RV group > control *
Increased IL-8 compared to control group
NaSO3 group > control *
RV group > control *
NaSO3 + RV group > control *
IL-8 mRNA level in NaSO3 + RV group
NaSO3 + RV group > NaSO3 group +
NaSO3 + RV group > RV group +
Decreased IL-8 compared to non UV-irradiated RV group
NaSO3 + UV-RV group < NaSO3 + RV group +
UV-RV group < RV group +
*, P < 0.05, compare to Control; +, P < 0.05, compare between groups
RANTES mRNA level relative to control group
NaSO3 group > control *
RV group > control *
NaSO3 + RV group > control *
Increased RANTES compared to control group (5.4 pg/mL)
NaSO3 group > control *
RV group > control *
NaSO3 + RV group > control *
RANTES mRNA level in NaSO3 + RV group
NaSO3 + RV group > NaSO3 group +
NaSO3 + RV group > RV group +
Decreased RANTES compared to non UV-irradiated RV group
NaSO3 + UV-RV group < NaSO3 + RV group +
UV-RV group < RV group +
*, P < 0.05, compare to Control; +, P < 0.05, compare between groups
HE stain
Control
Asthma
Increased IP-10 compared to control group (0 pg/mL)
NaSO3 group : no secretion of IP-10
RV group > control *
NaSO3 + RV group > control *
Decreased Ip-10 compared to non UV-irradiated RV group
NaSO3 + UV-RV group < NaSO3 + RV group +
UV-RV group < RV group +
*, P < 0.05, compare to Control; +, P < 0.05, compare between groups
2500 μM/well of Na2SO3 and RV-7 infection at 1 x10 4
TCID50/mL
-> No effect on the cell viability upto 48 hours
3
RV
Log TCID50/mL
2.5
Sodium sulfite + RV
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
24 hours
48 hours
Viral titer of supernatant in
NaSO3 + RV group did not differ from RV group
-> indicating that
Na2SO3 treatment did not significantly affect RV replication
NaSO3
RV
NaSO3+RV NaSO3+UV-RV
A549 cell
mRNA of IL-8, RANTES
secretion of IL-8, RANTES
NaSO3
RV
NaSO3+RV NaSO3+UV-RV
A549 cell
secretion of IP-10
• We found that sodium sulfite could enhance RV-induced IL-8, RANTES, and IP-10
production in A549 cells
• Generally, air pollutant may enhance the RV-induced
chemokine production in airway epithelial cells
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