Geography
Lesson 5
Columbia
- named after Christopher Columbus
A. Columbia’s Landscape
1. Andes Mtns. stretch into Columbia
2. 80% of ppopulation
p
lives in valleys
y and pplateaus of Andes
3. Tropical Climate – very hot!
B. Economic Resources
1. Mountains have minerals – coal, precious stones, etc.
2 Large oil
2.
il reserves
3. Agriculture – coffee is largest crop
- estancias – large cattle ranches
C. Economic Challenges
1. Drugs – cocaine, heroin, etc. - smuggled to U.S.
a) farmers can make more money growing drugs
D. History & People
1. 1810 – declared independence – one of 1st SP countries
2. Suffered over 50 revolts & 8 civil wars.
3 Still fighting
3.
fi hti a civil
i il war between
b t
political
liti l parties
ti
- U.S. has intervened a few times
4. Very diverse population – trend to move toward cities
Peru
- Diverse Climate – snowy mtns. to dry desert
A. Mining, Fishing, & Farming
1. Many natural resources
a)) copper,
pp silver, gold,
g
iron ore
2. Fish is 2nd biggest export
3. 1/3 of the people farm
a)) - sugar
g cane,, coffee ((also cocoa leaves))
b) farm in the mountains - terraces
B. Empire to Republic
1 Inca Empire was a powerful civilization
1.
a) over 10 million people
2. SP took it over in 1500’s
3. Became an independent republic in 1820’s
C. Culture
1. 27.1 million people live along the Pacific coast
- mostlyy in cities - Lima
2. ½ are of Native Am. ancestry
3. Mix Catholic and ancestral beliefs
4. Europeans control most of the wealth and power
Ecuador
- namedd because
b
equator
t runs right
i ht through
th
h it.
it
A. Agriculture Economy
a)) bananas, coffee, sugarcane,
g
coffee, beans, corn, etc.
B. People
a) ½ European and ½ Nat. Am.
1) Spanish is official lang.
lang - Speak many native lang.
lang
b) Keep traditional culture
1) control modern buildings, etc.
2)) Quito
Q
has a “modern” section
- shopping, etc.