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7
America Through The Eyes of Its People
Primary Sources in American History
Second Edition
LONGMAN
An Imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. .
New York • Reading, Massachusetts • Menlo Park, California • Harlow, England
Don Mills, Ontario • Sydney • Mexico City • Madrid • Amsterdam
Contents
Preface
1
2
3
4
ix
Contact and Colonization
1
Christopher Columbus, Letter to Luis de Sant' Angel (1493)
Alvar Niifiez Cabeza de Vaca, "Indians of the Rio Grande" (1528-1536)
Bartolome" de Las Casas, "Of the Island of Hispaniola" (1542)
Henry VII, First Letters Patent Granted to John Cabot and His Sons (1496)
Thomas Mun, from England's Treasure by Foreign Trade (1664)
2
5
8
9
10
Dreams and Realities in the Colonies
13
John Smith, "The Starving Time" (1624)
The Laws of Virginia (1610-1611)
Bacon's Rebellion: The Declaration (1676)
John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity" (1630)
Anne Bradstreet, Before the Birth of One of Her Children (c. 1650)
The Examination and Confession of Ann Foster at Salem Village (1692)
William Penn from "Model of Government" (1681)
15
16
19
21
23
24
26
Indentured Servants and Slaves
The Laws of Virginia (1662, 1691, 1705)
Gottlieb Mittelberger, The Passage of Indentured Servants (1750)
Richard Frethorne, Letter to His Parents (1623)
Elizabeth Sprigs, Letter to Her Father (1756)
Olaudah Equiano, The Middle Passage (1788)
Alexander Falconbridge, The African Slave Trade (1788)
27
28
29
32
33
34
37
\
Uniquely American
41
William Byrd II, Diary (1709)
Michel-Guillaume-Jean de Cre"vecoeur, from Letters from an
American Farmer (1782)
Benjamin Franklin, from The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1771)
Jonathan Edwards, from "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" (1741)
Jonathan Edwards, from "Some Thoughts Concerning the Present
Revival of Religion in New England" (1742)
42
43
44
46
47
iv
CONTENTS
5
What Price Freedom?
49
Benjamin Franklin, Testimony Against the Stamp Act (1766)
John Dickinson, from Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvnia (1768)
Address of the Inhabitants of Anson County to Governor Martin (1774)
Patrick Henry, "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" (1775)
Abigail Adams and John Adams, Letters; Abigail Adams, Letter to
Mercy Otis Warren (1776)
Benjamin Banneker, Letter to Thomas Jefferson (1791)
50
53
55
56
Forming the Young Republic
George Washington: The Newburg Address (1783)
Shays's Rebellion: Letters of Generals William Shepard and Benjamin
Lincoln to Governor James Bowdoin of Massachusetts (1787)
The Virginia,,or Randolph, Plan (1787)
Publius (James Madison), Federalist Paper #10(1788)
Molly Wallace, Valedictory Oration (1792)
Petition for Access to Education (1787)
63
65
7
Settling the Government
George Washington, Farewell Address (1796)
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Meriwether Lewis, Journal (1805)
The Monroe Doctrine and a Reaction (1823)
77
79
81
82
83
85
87
8
Jacksonian Expansion and Egalitarianism
Andrew Jackson, First Annual Message to Congress (1829)
"Memorial of the Cherokee Nation" (1830)
Davy Crockett, Advice to Politicians (1833)
Jose" Maria Sanchez, A Trip to Texas (1828)
The Harbinger, Female Workers of Lowell (1836)
Mary Paul, Letters Home (1845, 1846)
Resolutions of the Boston Carpenters' Strike (1845)
6
.
58
60
67
69
72
75
76
91
93
94
96
97
99
101
103
CONTENTS
9
The Ferment of Reform
107
Charles Finney, "Religious Revival" (1835)
Nathaniel Hawthorne, A Letter from Brook Farm (1841)
Horace Mann, from Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education
(1848)
William Lloyd Garrison, from The Liberator (1831)
Frederick Douglass, Independence Day Speech (1852)
George Fitzhugh, "The Blessings of Slavery" (1857)
Elizabeth Cody Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
109
111
113
114
115
118
120
10 Living in and Rebelling Against Antebellum America
Joshua and Sally Wilson, Letters to George Wilson (1823)
Ja Norcom, Letter to Mary Matilda Norcom (1846)
State v. Boon (l&Ol)
Nat Turner, Confession (1831)
Benjamin Drew, Narratives of Escaped Slaves (1855)
123
125
126
127
129
131
11
133
134
136
138
140
Manifest Destiny and Its Consequences
John L. O'Sullivan, "The Great Nation of Futurity" (1845)
Thomas Corwin, Against the Mexican War (1847)
Elizabeth Dixon Smith Greer, Journal (1847-1850)
Chief Seattle, Oration (1854)
12 Road to War
John C. Calhoun, Proposal to Preserve the Union (1850)
Harriet Beecher Stowe, from Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Abraham Lincoln, "A House Divided" (1858)
13 The World Turned Upside Down
James Henry Gooding, Letter to President Lincoln (1863)
Susie King Taylor, Reminiscences of an Army Laundress (1902)
Clara Barton, Medical Life at the Battlefield (1862)
Lucy Breckinridge, Diary (1862)
Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address (1863)
14 To Heal the Nation's Wounds
Mississippi Black Codes(1865)
A Sharecrop Contract (1882)
The Fourteenth Amendment (1868)
The Victims of the Ku Klux Klan (1935)
x
143
145
147
148
150
151
153
154
156
158
159
161
163
165
167
168
vi
CONTENTS
15 Expansion and Conflict in the West
171
Helen Hunt Jackson, from A Century of Dishonor (1881)
Black Elk, Account of the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
Benjamin Harrison, Report on Wounded Knee Massacre and the
Decrease in Indian Land Acreage (1891)
Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in
American History" (1893)
O. E. Rolvaag, Giants in the Earth (1927)
The Omaha Platform of the Populist Party (1892)
173
176
178
179
181
183
16 The Wealth of a Nation
187
Andrew Carnegie, from "The Gospel of Wealth" (1889)
Mark Twain, from The Gilded Age (1873)
Edward Bellamy, from Looking Backward (1888)
Mother Jones, "The March of the Mill Children" (1903)
188
190
192
194
17
Divisions in the New South
From Plessy vs Ferguson (1896)
Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address (1895)
W. E. B. Du Bois, from "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others" (1903)
Ida B. Wells-Barnett, from A Red Record (1895)
199
200
201
203
205
18
Huddled Masses
John Spargo, from The Bitter Cry of Children (1906)
Letters to the Jewish Daily Forward (1906-1907)
Lee Chew, from Life of a Chinese Immigrant (1903)
The Secret Oath of the American Protective Association (1893)
209
210
212
215
217
19
20
\
City Life
219
Charles Loring Brace, "The Life of the Street Rats" (1872)
George Waring, Sanitary Conditions in New York (1897)
Lincoln Steffens, from The Shame of the Cities (1904)
William T. Riordon, from Plunkitt of Tammany Hall (1905)
Richard K. Fox, from Coney Island Frolics (1883)
220
222
223
225
226
The American Flag Around the Globe
229
Josiah Strong, from Our Country (1885)
Albert Beveridge, "The March of the Flag" (1898)
William Graham Sumner, "On Empire and the Philippines" (1898)
Mark Twain, "Incident in the Philippines" (1924)
William McKinley, "Decision on the Philippines" (1900)
230
232
234
235
237
CONTENTS
21 Reforming the American Nation
Theodore Roosevelt, from The New Nationalism (1910)
Woodrow Wilson, from The New Freedom (1913)
Jane Addams, "Ballot Necessary for Women" (1906)
National American Woman Suffrage Association, Mother's
Day Letter (1912)
22
vii
239
240
241
243
243
America at War
Boy Scouts of America, from "Boy Scouts Support the War Effort" (1917)
Newton D. Baker, "The Treatment of German-Americans" (1918)
Eugene Kennedy, A "Doughboy" Describes the Fighting Front (1918)
F. J. Grimke, "Address of Welcome to the Men Who Have Returned
from the Battlefront" (1919)
Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points (1918)
245
246
248
249
The New Decade
Comprehensive Immigration Law (1924)
Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Court Statement (1927)
Dorothy Dunbar Bromley, from "Feminist: New Style" (1927)
Advertisements (1925, 1927)
257
259
261
262
264
24 Hard Times
Franklin D. Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address (1932)
Huey Long, "Share Our Wealth" (1935)
Father Charles E. Coughlin, "A Third Party" (1936)
Mrs. Henry Weddington, Letter to President Roosevelt (1938)
Studs Terkel, from Hard Times (1986)
267
268
272
273
275
276
2 5 Peace and War
Albert Einstein, Letter to President Roosevelt (1939)
Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Four Freedoms (1941)
Fanny Christina Hill, "The Black Woman Has Worked All
Of Her Life" (1979)
A Woman Remembers the War (1984)
Ben Yorita, Memories of the Internment Camp (1981)
279
280
282
23
-
251
253
284
286
288
viii CONTENTS
26 The Cold War at Home and Abroad
Harry S Truman, The Truman Doctrine (1947)
George Marshall, The Marshall Plan (1947)
Ronald Reagan, Testimony Before the House Un-American
Activities Committee (1947)
Joseph R. McCarthy, from Speech Delivered to the Women's Club
of Wheeling, West Virginia (1950)
291
293
294
2 7 Liberty for All
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Statement of Purpose (1960)
Martin Luther King, Jr., "I Have a Dream" (1963)
John Lewis, Address at the March on Washington (1963)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Stokely Carmichael and Charles Hamilton, from Black Power (1967)
301
303
305
307
308
309
311
312
28 Cuba, Vietnam, and the Crisis of Authority
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Decision Not to Intervene at Dien Bien Phu (1954)
From John F. Kennedy, Cuban Missile Address (1962)
Transcript ofEcomm Meeting (1962)
The Tonkin Gulf Incident (1964)
Bill Clinton, Letter to Colonel Holmes (1969)
315
317
319
320
323
325
2 9 Dreams of a Great Society
John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address (1961)
Lyndon Johnson, The War on Poverty (1964)
Students for a Democratic Society, The Port Huron Statement (1962)
National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966)
Curtis Sitcomer, "Harvest of Discontent" (1967)
329
330
333
334
335
338
30 The End of the American Century
.
House Judiciary Committee, Conclusion on Impeachment Resolution (1974)
Jimmy Carter, The "Malaise" Speech (1979)
Ronald Reagan, Speech to the House of Commons (1982)
David Wildom, The Conscience of a Conservative Christian (1985)
George Bush, Address to the Nation Announcing Allied Military Action
in the Persian Gulf (1991)
343
345
348
349
351
295
298
353