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Timeline: 1900 – 1950
Social History
Education and Care
1901-1910 almost 9 million immigrants enter United States, mainly from
southern Europe
James Baldwin (1861-1934) - evolution as context for viewing
development, consciousness and social order
Ellen H. Richards – American chemist and
teacher
1902 Lake Placid Conference (Proceedings)
Home Economics as science
Alfred Binet (1857-1911)
1897-1905 Binet-Simon IQ test; basis of Standford-Binet IQ test
Booker T. Washington (1858-1915)
the value of industrial education for African Americans
1881 Tuskegee Institute opens; 1901 Up from slavery
1901 National Negro Business League formed with Washington’s leadership
W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) education for leadership; Challenged
Washington’s acceptance of segregation; promoted advocacy, “agitation”
1903 The Souls of Black Folk
**1903 Committee of Nineteen
Splinter group from International
Kindergarten Union re-emphasizing
developmental orientation
1904 National Child Labor Committee
E.L. Thorndike (1874-1949)
1904 An Introduction to the theory of mental and
social measurement
1905 Niagara Movement developed to advocate for civil rights for African Americans; W.E.B. Dubois
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Social History
Education and Care
Mary McLeod Bethune (1875 - 1955)
1905 The Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro
Scholars practical arts; the community conference
1911 McLeod Hospital
1923 Bethune-Cookman College
1935 National Council of Negro Women
**Josephine Yates
1906 article advocates play in Kindergarten
and promotes Froebel’s concepts for Black
Kindergartens
1906 San Francisco Board of Education orders all Asian children to attend segregated “Oriental” school
Elizabeth Harrison (1849 – 1927)
Starts Miss Harrison’s Training School in
1886 which becomes Chicago Kindergarten
College in 1894 and then National College of
Education in 1930: focus on training teachers
of young children and connecting teachers and
families/parents
1907 Oklahoma admitted as state; “Indian” territories all annexed; all North American nations relocated to
reservations
from Wikimedia Commons; Indian Territory circa 1892.
1909 First White House Conference on Children
1910 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (grows out of Niagara Movement)
**Margaret McMillan (1860-1931)
1911 Deptford School
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Social History
Education and Care
1911 National Urban League formed
1911 Dillingham Commission report distinguishes between “old” and “new”
the increase
immigrants; nativism on
**Maria Montessori (1870-1952)
1907 Casa Bambini
1915 Montessori School in U.S.
1912 Children‟s Bureau established in Federal government (history of)
1913 California limits Japanese ability to lease land
**1913 CA requires licensing of
institutions caring for children
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
1913 Ideas: General introduction to phenomenology
Inter-subjectivity and “lifeworld”
1914 - 1918 World War I – multiple types of significant effects on families and children
1914 Universal Negro Improvement Association - Marcus Garvey encourages African Americans to return to
Africa
Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950)
1915 Assoc. for Study of Negro Life and History
The Education of the Negro prior to 1861
**Lucy Sprague Mitchell (1878-1967)
1916 Bureau of Educational Experiments
1922 Bureau becomes Bank Street College
Lewis M. Terman (1887-1956)
1916 Standford Binet Intelligence Test
Longitudinal study of “giftedness”
Madison Grant
1916 The Passing of the great race in America
1916-1919 social pressure for “Americanization” as political and educational agenda
1916 and 1919 Bills attempting to regulate child labor declared unconstitutional
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Social History
Education and Care
1916 uniform course of study in Native
American government schools follow first six years of
public school curriculum; provisions for student labor
continue; no intention to prepare for advanced studies
1917 East St. Louis race riots
- Comprehensive immigration bill: establishes literacy test, expanded exclusions and head tax
- Jones Act makes Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens and subject to U.S. draft; establishes popular election of both
houses of Puerto Rico’s legislature
1919 White House Conference on Children points out poor physical and educational status of WWI
recruits; education seen as remedy
**Harriet Johnson
1919 Nursery School of Bureau of
Educational Experiments
**Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)
1919 Die Freie Waldorfschule
1920 Hawaiian Homes Commission
1921 Johnson Act - nationality quota system on immigration
**A.S.Neil (1883-1973)
1921 Summerhill School –child freedom
**Patty Smith Hall (1868-1946)
1921 Columbia Teachers College
Laboratory School
**1922 International Council for
Exceptional Children
**Abigail Eliot (1892- 1992 )
1922 Ruggles Street Nursery
Eliot- Pearson School
Nursery Training School at Pacific Oaks
Formal training for mothers and teachers of young children
**Edna Noble White (1880 – 1954)
1922 Merrill Palmer School of Motherhood
and Home Training, Merrill-Palmer Institute
Nursery School. Family life education
1923-1929 Filipino immigration
1924 Johnson-Reed Act: immigration quotas blatantly discriminatory toward eastern and southern Europeans
and non-whites; stops Asian Immigration
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Social History
Education and Care
1924 Snyder Act makes members of North American nations citizens of the United States; doesn’t guarantee
voting rights
**1925-26 National Committee on Nursery
Schools, later becomes NANE and then NAEYC
Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)
Normative psychology
1926 Yale Clinic of Child Development
Standards and scientific basis for adoption decisions
**1926-27 Research Facilities established
(ex. Vasser, Smith, Yale, Mills)
Bertrand Russell
1926 “On Education”
**Dorothy Howard (1893 – 1988)
1927 Black nursery school in D.C.
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
1925 Behaviorism
1928 "Psychological care of infant and child"
1929 “Black Thursday” Wall Street Stock Market crash
1929 League of United Latin American Citizens formed; stresses U.S. citizenship and assimilation
**Susan Isaacs (1885-1948)
1929 "The Nursery years"
**1929-1931 laboratory nursery schools
and training centers: Hampton Institute,
Spellman College and Bennett College
1929-1935 Mexican immigrants and families were “repatriated” to Mexico, most without legal proceedings
1929 Anti-Filipino riot in California kills more than 200 Filipinos
1930 Japanese American Citizenship League founded
**1930 Assoc. for Childhood Education
(from International Kindergarten Union)
1931 CBS begins the first regularly scheduled TV broadcasting in US
1933 “The New Deal”; Work Project Authority (WPA) as part of depression recovery legislation
**1933 WPA emergency nurseries
1934 Wheeler-Howard Act allows reestablishment of some tribal lands and governments
1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act promises the Philippines independence and limits immigration to the U.S. to 50
per year
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Social History
Education and Care
**1935 First Toy Leading Library
**1936 First „children‟s‟ TV : Felix the Cat
**Lawrence Frank
1938 The Fundamental needs of the child
1952 with R. Hartley and R. Goldenson
Understanding Children’s Play
1940 Nationality Act: Filipino immigrants could become citizens through naturalization
1941 Japan strikes Pearl Harbor Naval Base in Philippines; U.S. enters WW II
1942 Lanham Act provides funds for nurseries (day care) for working mothers
-
Executive Order 9066 authorizes internment of Japanese Americans living on west coast of U.S
-
“Bracero” agreements between U.S. and Mexico authorize Mexicans to work temporarily in the United
States
1943 Detroit race riots (discrimination against African Americans)
-
Los Angeles “zoot suit” anti-Mexican riots
**1943-1945 Kaiser Shipyard Child
Care - 24 hour employee child care;
James Hymes (1913 – 1998)
Director of Portland Kaiser Child Care
1968 Teaching the child under six
1944 National Congress of American Indians founded
-
Serviceman’s Readjustment Act
1945 WW II concludes; Germany and Berlin divided between Allies
-
U.S. Congress ratifies United Nations charter
**1946 Standford Un. Laboratory School
Benjamin Spock (1903 - 1998 )
1946 Baby and Child Care and other books and articles
1946 Philippines gain independence
-
Indian Claims Commission established
-
last Japanese internment camp in U.S. closed
-
beginning of “cold war”
1946-1954 French-Indochina War
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Social History
Education and Care
1947 Jones act amended to give Puerto Ricans right to elect governor
-
Presidential Committee on Civil Rights
-
Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley)
1948 Japanese American Evacuation Claims Act
-
Native Americans granted vote in New Mexico and Arizona
-
President Harry S. Truman recognizes new state of Israel
-
Luis Munoz Marin first elected governor of P.R., held office until 1964
**1948 World Organization for ECE:
OMEP
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
1948 Walden Two
1971 Beyond Freedom and Dignity
The “Skinner box”
1949-1951 California requires loyalty oath of University employees; expression of “Cold War”
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