Period 3
1754–1800
1. Questions 3.1-3.3 refer to the following map.
Colonial Settlement and the Proclamation Line of 1763
3.1. According to the map, which of the following was west of the Proclamation Line of 1763?
(A)
the colonists’ settlements of Ohio and Mississippi
(B)
the French territories of Loudoun and Detroit
(C)
land reserved for the tribes that had supported the British in the French and Indian War
(D)
land reserved for the colonial American veterans of the French and Indian War
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3.2. Which of the following events most directly contributed to the establishment of the
Proclamation Line of 1763?
(A)
Bacon’s Rebellion
(B)
Pontiac’s Rebellion
(C)
Shays’s Rebellion
(D)
Boston Massacre
3.3. One direct long-term effect of the Proclamation Line’s prohibition of colonial settlement
west of the Appalachians was
(A)
the Spanish alliance with the former French inhabitants of Florida.
(B)
the establishment of peaceful relations between the colonists and the Indians.
(C)
the end of the Spanish empire in the Americas because of the British annexation of
Canada.
(D)
the American Revolution because land-hungry colonists resented the king’s ban.
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2. Questions 3.4-3.6 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: James Otis, The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and
Proved, 1763
“The form of government is by nature and by right so far left to the individuals of each society
that they may alter it from a simple democracy or government of all over all to any other form
they please. Such alteration may and ought to be made by express compact. But how seldom this
right has been asserted, history will abundantly show. For once that it has been fairly settled by
compact, fraud, force, or accident have determined it an hundred times. As the people have
gained upon tyrants, these have been obliged to relax only till a fairer opportunity has put it in
their power to encroach again…Now can there be any liberty where property is taken away
without consent? Can it with any color of truth, justice, or equity be affirmed that the northern
colonies are represented in Parliament? Has this whole continent of near three thousand miles in
length, and in which and his other American dominions His Majesty has or very soon will have
some millions of as good, loyal, and useful subjects, white and black, as any in the three kingdoms, the election of one member of the House of Commons?”
3.4. According to the excerpt, which of the following theories expresses the legitimate
foundation of government?
(A)
divine right of kings theory: a monarch rules by God’s will
(B)
might makes right theory: the strongest ones govern others
(C)
social compact theory: a voluntary agreement of individuals
(D)
political elites theory: the upper class controls society
3.5. The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following views?
(A)
Fraud, force, and accident are the inevitable determinants of the colonists’ destiny.
(B)
The southern colonies are well-represented in Parliament.
(C)
Both whites and blacks are enslaved in the colonies as indentured servants.
(D)
Taxation of colonists without any representation in Parliament is tyranny.
3.6. Which one of the following would be most likely to support the perspective of James Otis in
this excerpt?
(A)
Thomas Hutchinson
(B)
George Grenville
(C)
John Adams
(D)
Thomas Gage
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3. Questions 3.7-3.9 refer to the following image.
The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, or Tarring and Feathering
3.7. The eighteenth-century political cartoon most directly reflects which of the following?
(A)
colonists’ mistreatment of the Iroquois Indians
(B)
British officials’ punishments of colonial smugglers
(C)
the bias against women in colonial America society
(D)
several forms of colonists’ resistance to British taxes
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3.8. The image depicts the tarring and feathering, a ritual of public humiliation, of which one of
the following?
(A)
a colonial American patriot
(B)
King George III
(C)
a Loyalist tax collector
(D)
a Native American chief
3.9. The background scene of Boston colonists dumping material off of a ship suggests that they
were reacting to
(A)
the Sugar Act of 1764.
(B)
the Stamp Act of 1765.
(C)
the Tea Act of 1773.
(D)
the Intolerable Acts of 1774.
4. Questions 3.10-3.12 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: The Daughters of Liberty Urge Americans to Boycott British
Goods
“Young ladies in town, and those that live round,
Let a friend at this season advise you:
Since money’s so scarce, and times growing worse,
Strange things may soon hap and surprise you;
First then, throw aside your high top knots of pride,
Wear none but your own country linen,
Of Economy boast, let your pride be the most
To show clothes of your own make and spinning.”
3.10. According to the excerpt, groups of patriotic women who called themselves “Daughters of
Liberty” met to do which of the following?
(A)
shop for new linen and get their hair curled
(B)
sip tea and gossip about their neighbors
(C)
spin their own yarn and make their own cloth
(D)
bake goods to sell for their household needs
3.11. The excerpt most clearly demonstrates that colonial women participated in the struggle
against unfair British measures as
(A)
rioters protesting in the streets against royal officials.
(B)
spies gathering information about the Loyalists in their areas.
(C)
laundresses accompanying the colonial troops fighting the British.
(D)
consumers refusing to purchase imported British goods.
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3.12. One significant result of the women’s efforts described in the excerpt was the
(A)
increase in British hat manufacturers’ profit and the extension of hat duties.
(B)
British merchants’ loss of profit and the repeal of the Stamp Act.
(C)
creation of an alliance with British women and a homespun clothing industry.
(D)
development of a colonial American woman’s rights movement and the extension of
suffrage.
5. Questions 3.13-3.15 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Boston Gazette Description of the Boston Massacre, 1770
“On hearing the noise, one Samuel Atwood came up to see what was the matter…he met the ten
or twelve soldiers aforesaid rushing down the alley towards the square and asked them if they
intended to murder people? They answered Yes, by G-d, root and branch! With that one of them
struck Mr. Atwood with a club which was repeated by another; and being unarmed, he turned to
go off and received a wound on the left shoulder…Immediately after, those heroes appeared in
the square, asking where were the boogers? Where were the cowards?…[they] passed by
him…to King Street where they attacked single and unarmed persons till they raised much
clamour, and then turned down Cornhill Street, insulting all they met in like manner and
pursuing some to their very doors. Thirty or forty persons, mostly lads, being by this means
gathered in King Street, Capt. Preston with a party of men with charged bayonets, came from the
main guard to the commissioner’s house, the soldiers pushing their bayonets, crying, make way!
They took place by the custom house and, continuing to push to drive the people off, pricked
some in several places, on which they were clamorous and, it is said, threw snow balls. On this,
the Captain commanded them to fire; and more snow balls coming, he again said, damn you, fire,
be the consequence what it will! One soldier then fired, and a townsman with a cudgel struck
him over the hands with such force that he dropped his firelock; and, rushing forward, aimed a
blow at the Captain’s head which grazed his hat and fell pretty heavy upon his arm. However,
the soldiers continued the fire successively till seven or eight or, as some say, eleven guns were
discharged.”
3.13. The description of the Boston Massacre best serves as evidence of which of the following?
(A)
the colonists’ view that the British military acted heroically in dealing with a group of
ruffians
(B)
the British government’s view that the colonists were loyal British subjects
(C)
the colonists’ view that the British military had fired unfairly upon an unarmed crowd
(D)
the British military’s view that the colonists had unfairly tormented them
3.14. Which of the following contributed most directly to the Boston Massacre?
(A)
the efforts of prominent Boston Loyalists to mobilize support for the king
(B)
the stationing of British troops in Boston to assert Parliament’s authority
(C)
the Boston Tea Party’s destruction of East India Company tea
(D)
the proposal to install a bishop of the Church of England in Boston
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3.15. One significant result of the event described in the excerpt was that the
(A)
Stamp Act was repealed and the Declaratory Act was passed.
(B)
Boston Massacre became a symbol of British military heroism.
(C)
Proclamation Line of 1763 was revoked by King George III as a gesture of reconciliation.
(D)
Boston Massacre became a crucial element of anti-British propaganda in the colonies.
6. Questions 3.16-3.18 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Benjamin Franklin, Testimony Against the Stamp Act, 1766
“Q. Do you think it right that America should be protected by this country and pay no part of the
expense?
A. That is not the case. The colonies raised, clothed, and paid, during the last war, near 25,000
men, and spent many millions…
Q. Do you think the people of America would submit to pay the stamp duty, if it was moderated?
A. No, never, unless compelled by force of arms…
Q. What was the temper of America towards Great Britain before the year 1763?
A. The best in the world. They submitted willingly to the government of the Crown, and paid, in
all their courts, obedience to acts of Parliament…
Q. Was it an opinion in America before 1763 that the Parliament had no right to lay taxes and
duties there?
A. I never heard any objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to
lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there…”
3.16. The controversy highlighted in the excerpt from Franklin’s testimony before Parliament
most directly reflects which of the following?
(A)
Parliament’s objection to the violent activities of the Sons of Liberty in the colonies after
1763
(B)
colonial Americans’ disagreement with Parliament’s regulation of transatlantic commerce
after 1763
(C)
Parliament’s criticism of the colonial militias’ service in the war prior to 1763
(D)
colonial Americans’ objection to the change in Parliament’s taxation policies toward the
colonies after 1763
3.17. According to the excerpt, which of the following most directly led to Parliament’s
imposition of the first internal tax, the Stamp Act?
(A)
the British government’s intention to promote the use of postage stamps on mailings in its
empire
(B)
the British government’s attempt to punish the colonists for rebellious activities
(C)
the British government’s need to pay off the debt incurred by the French and Indian War
(D)
the British government’s effort to raise revenue for building roads in the colonies
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3.18. Which of the following was a parliamentary policy that Franklin considered to be
legitimate?
(A)
the progressive principles of the Fourteen Points
(B)
the mercantilist principles of the Navigation Act
(C)
the containment principles of the Marshall Plan
(D)
the redistributive principles of Bretton Woods
7. Questions 3.19-3.21 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Joseph Warren, “Account of the Battle of Lexington,” 1775
“TO THE INHABITANTS OF GREAT BRITAIN.
Friends and fellow subjects,
Hostilities are at length commenced in this colony, by the troops under command of general
Gage; and it being of the greatest importance, that an early, true, and authentic account of this
inhuman proceeding should be known to you, the congress of this colony have transmitted the
same, and for want of a session of the hon. continental congress, think it proper to address you
on this alarming occasion. By the clearest depositions…it will appear, that, on the night
preceding the 19thof April, instant, a body of the king’s troops, under command of colonel Smith,
were secretly landed at Cambridge, with an apparent design to take or destroy the military and
other stores, provided for the defence of this colony, and deposited at Concord; that some
inhabitants of the colony, on the night aforesaid whilst travelling peaceable on the road between
Boston and Concord, were seized and greatly abused by armed men, who appeared to be officers
of general Gage’s army; that the town of Lexington, by these means, was alarmed, and a
company of the inhabitants mustered on the occasion; that the regular troops, on their way to
Concord, marched into the said town of Lexington, and the said company, on their approach,
began to disperse; that notwithstanding this, the regulars rushed on with great violence, and first
began hostilities, by firing on the said Lexington company, whereby, they killed eight, and
wounded several others;…that colonel Smith, with the detachment, then marched to Concord,
where a number of provincials were again fired on by the troops, two of them killed and several
wounded, before any of the provincials fired on them…”
3.19. The excerpt most clearly reflects which of the following motives for Joseph Warren’s
account?
(A)
to threaten British inhabitants with the devastation of impending war
(B)
to gain British inhabitants’ sympathy and understanding of the colonists’ plight
(C)
to persuade British inhabitants to immigrate to the American colonies
(D)
to place blame for the outbreak of hostilities on the Massachusetts colonists
3.20. Which of the following most directly contributed to the battles described in the excerpt?
(A)
the attacks by colonists hiding behind walls on the marching British soldiers
(B)
General Gage’s sending of troops to seize the weapons stored by colonists at Concord
(C)
the theft of a Lexington farmer’s livestock by marauding British troops
(D)
a misunderstanding between General Gage and the Massachusetts governor regarding
troop movements
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3.21. One direct effect of the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord was
(A)
the colonists’ evacuation and abandonment of Boston to the British troops.
(B)
the increase in colonists’ hopes of reconciliation with Great Britain.
(C)
the creation of a Continental Army to fight the American Revolution.
(D)
the decline in the number of volunteers for the Massachusetts militia.
8. Questions 3.22-3.24 refer to the following image.
Patriots and Slaves Toppling Statue of George III
3.22. The image depicting the destruction of the statue of King George III most directly reflects
which of the following?
(A)
the slave revolt in eighteenth-century New York City
(B)
preparation for the installation of the statue of President George Washington
(C)
the Declaration of Independence’s abolishment of monarchical rule
(D)
the cooperation of blacks and whites in urban labor
3.23. The image is most clearly an example of which one of the following contradictions?
(A)
the lack of clothing on the whites while the blacks are formally attired
(B)
the observation by the women while they are prohibited from the action
(C)
the calmness of bystanders while the workers are in a frenzy
(D)
the colonists fighting for liberty while enforcing slavery
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3.24. Which of the following was a direct long-term effect of the inconsistency evident in the
image?
(A)
the Seneca Falls Convention
(B)
the Civil War
(C)
the War of 1812
(D)
the Revolution of 1800
9. Questions 3.25-3.27 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Letter of Abigail Adams to John Adams, Braintree, 31 March
1776
“I long to hear that you have declared an independency—and by the way in the new Code of
Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the
Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such
unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they
could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a
Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or
Representation. That your Sex are Naturally Tyrannical is a Truth so thoroughly established as to
admit of no dispute, but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of
Master for the more tender and endearing one of Friend. Why then, not put it out of the power of
the vicious and the Lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity. Men of Sense in
all Ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the vassals of your Sex. Regard us then as
Beings placed by providence under your protection and in imitation of the Supreme Being make
use of that power only for our happiness.”
3.25. The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following developments?
(A)
During the American Revolution, women’s religious fervor increased.
(B)
The American Revolution was motivated by colonists’ desire to revise the legal code.
(C)
The American Revolution created an increased awareness of inequalities in society
among some women.
(D)
During the American Revolution, women participated in the Continental Congress.
3.26. Which of the following would most directly prompt Abigail Adams’ husband to disregard
his wife’s plea for full citizenship rights?
(A)
his lack of time and attention while participating in the fight for American independence
(B)
his assumption that his wife was mentally deficient
(C)
his small amount of influence in the Continental Congress
(D)
his belief that women, like children, slaves, and non-propertied men, lacked the
independence required of republican citizens
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3.27. Which of the following was the most direct effect on women of the new nation’s need for
an informed citizenry?
(A)
the extension of voting rights to all white women
(B)
the development of the ideology of republican motherhood
(C)
the admission of women to formerly all-male colleges
(D)
the decline of educational opportunities available to women
10. Questions 3.28-3.30 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Henry Knox, Letter to George Washington, 1786
“…the commotions in Massachusetts [Shays’s Rebellion] hurried me back to Boston…Our
political machine, composed of thirteen independent sovereignties, have been perpetually
operating against each other and against the federal head ever since the peace. The powers of
Congress are totally inadequate to preserve the balance between the respective States, and oblige
them to do those things which are essential for their own welfare or for the general good…On
the very first impression of faction and licentiousness, the fine theoretic government of
Massachusetts has given way, and its laws [are] trampled under foot. Men at a distance, who
have admired our systems of government unfounded in nature, are apt to accuse the rulers, and
say that taxes have been assessed too high and collected too rigidly. This is a deception equal to
any that has been hitherto entertained. That taxes may be the ostensible cause is true, but that
they are the true cause is as far remote from truth as light from darkness. The people who are the
insurgents have never paid any or but very little taxes. But they see the weakness of government:
they feel at once their own poverty compared with the opulent, and their own force, and they are
determined to make use of the latter in order to remedy the former…This dreadful situation, for
which our government have made no adequate provision, has alarmed every man of principle
and property in New England…What is to give us security against the violence of lawless men?
Our government must be braced, changed, or altered to secure our lives and property…Unless
this is done, we shall be liable to be ruled by an arbitrary and capricious armed tyranny, whose
word and will must be law.”
3.28. Which of the following best reflects Henry Knox’s assessment of the Articles of
Confederation government?
(A)
It was failing because of the tyranny of the federal executive.
(B)
It was failing because of each state’s desire to retain its sovereignty.
(C)
It was failing because of the redistribution of wealth.
(D)
It was failing because of Congress levying too many taxes.
3.29. According to the excerpt, Shays’s Rebellion in Massachusetts was truly caused by which of
the following?
(A)
the increase in taxes and the postwar economic depression
(B)
the restlessness of ex-soldiers and the availability of weapons
(C)
the Massachusetts farmers’ poor crop harvests
(D)
the perceived weakness of the government and wealth inequality
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3.30. The sentiments expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the
following?
(A)
the Newburgh Conspiracy
(B)
the Hartford Convention
(C)
the Constitutional Convention
(D)
the Dominion of New England
11. Questions 3.31-3.33 refer to the following image.
President-Elect Washington’s Reception by the Ladies at Trenton
3.31. The image of Washington’s reception en route to his inauguration best serves as evidence
of which of the following?
(A)
Washington was only greeted by females on his way to the inauguration.
(B)
Washington viewed the presidency as a military, not a civilian, office.
(C)
Washington’s election to the presidency was based on his military leadership in the
American Revolution.
(D)
Washington re-enacted the Battle of Trenton in New Jersey.
3.32. The image suggests that which of the following contributed most directly to consolidation
of public support for the new American government?
(A)
the flourishing economy
(B)
Washington’s personal prestige
(C)
women’s gratitude
(D)
Washington’s army
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3.33. The unanimous election of Washington to the presidency most directly reflects which of
the following?
(A)
No other American citizen was courageous enough to run for office.
(B)
A corrupt bargain was made to ensure the South would retain slavery.
(C)
Most of the founders of the nation opposed the idea of political parties.
(D)
A majority of the American population voted in the election.
12. Questions 3.34-3.36 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Patrick Henry, “Speech against the Federal Constitution,” June
5, 1788
“Have they said, We, the states? Have they made a proposal of a compact between states? If they
had, this would be a confederation. It is otherwise most clearly a consolidated government…Had
these principles been adhered to, we should not have been brought to this alarming transition,
from a confederacy to a consolidated government…Here is a resolution as radical as that which
separated us from Great Britain. It is radical in this transition; our rights and privileges are
endangered, and the sovereignty of the states will be relinquished: and cannot we plainly see that
this is actually the case? The rights of conscience, trial by jury, liberty of the press, all your
immunities and franchises, all pretensions to human rights and privileges are rendered insecure,
if not lost, by this change, so loudly talked of by some, and inconsiderately by others. Is this
tame relinquishment of rights worthy of freemen?…Guard with jealous attention the public
liberty…Before you abandon the present system, I hope you will consider not only its defects,
most maturely, but likewise those of that which you are to substitute for it.”
3.34. Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of Patrick
Henry in the excerpt?
(A)
the Whigs
(B)
the Tories
(C)
the Federalists
(D)
the Antifederalists
3.35. In the excerpt, Henry’s fear of a “consolidated government” most directly reflects which of
the following?
(A)
the suspicion that an anti-slavery coalition will dominate the government
(B)
the perception that America will develop into a monarchy
(C)
the belief that a strong national government will trample on the rights of individuals
(D)
the concern that state legislatures will be dissolved by the new government
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3.36. Which of the following was the most direct effect of the sentiments expressed in the
excerpt?
(A)
the eruption of the Nullification Crisis
(B)
the addition of constitutional amendments known as the Bill of Rights
(C)
the development of the doctrine of judicial review
(D)
the invention of the Electoral College
13. Questions 3.37-3.39 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Alexander Hamilton, “An Opinion on the Constitutionality of
an Act to Establish a Bank,” 1791
“The Secretary of the Treasury having perused with attention the papers containing the opinions
of the Secretary of State and Attorney General [Edmund Randolph and Thomas Jefferson]
concerning the constitutionality of the bill for establishing a National Bank proceeds according
to the order of the President [George Washington] to submit the reasons which have induced him
to entertain a different opinion…the chief solicitude arises from a firm persuasion, that principles
of construction like those espoused by the Secretary of State and the Attorney General would be
fatal to the just & indispensible authority of the United States…the objections of the Secretary of
State and Attorney General are founded on a general denial of the authority of the United States
to erect corporations…It is not denied, that there are implied, as well as express powers…The
whole turn of the clause…indicates that it was the intent of the convention, by that clause to give
a liberal latitude to the exercise of the specified powers. The expressions have peculiar
comprehensiveness. They are “to make all laws, necessary & proper for carrying into execution
the foregoing powers & all other powers vested by the constitution in the government of the
United States, or in any department or officer thereof.” To understand the word as the Secretary
of State does, would be to depart from its obvious & popular sense, and to give it a restrictive
operation…a bank has a natural relation to the power of collecting taxes; to that of borrowing
money; to that of regulating trade; to that of providing for the common defence…it brings the
case within the provision of the clause of the constitution which immediately respects the
property of the United States.”
3.37. According to the excerpt, which of the following most directly supported the establishment
of the national bank?
(A)
the Constitution’s supremacy clause
(B)
the Constitution’s privileges and immunities clause
(C)
the Constitution’s necessary and proper clause
(D)
the Constitution’s full faith and credit clause
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3.38. The larger controversy between Secretary of Treasury Hamilton and Secretary of State
Jefferson concerned which of the following?
(A)
Hamilton’s vision of a pro-French foreign policy versus Jefferson’s vision of a proEnglish foreign policy
(B)
Hamilton’s vision of an egalitarian nation versus Jefferson’s vision of an aristocratic
nation
(C)
Hamilton’s vision of a thriving trade with the Native Americans versus Jefferson’s vision
of a profitable commerce with the British
(D)
Hamilton’s vision of an urban commercial nation versus Jefferson’s vision of a nation of
independent farmers
3.39.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The split in opinion over Hamilton’s economic policies most directly led to the
diplomatic incident known as the XYZ Affair.
outbreak of hostilities between the Indians and the farmers on the Western frontier.
emergence of two political parties, the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans.
Quasi-War between the United States and France.
14. Questions 3.40-3.42 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Madison and Jefferson, The Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions, 1798–1799
“That this state having by its Convention, which ratified the federal Constitution, expressly
declared, that among other essential rights, “the Liberty of Conscience and of the Press cannot be
cancelled, abridged, restrained, or modified by any authority of the United States,” and from its
extreme anxiety to guard these rights from every possible attack…having with other states,
recommended an amendment for that purpose, which amendment was, in due time, annexed to
the Constitution; it would mark a reproachable inconsistency, and criminal degeneracy, if an
indifference were now shown, to the most palpable violation of one of the Rights, thus declared
and secured; and to the establishment of a precedent which may be fatal to the other…Resolved,
That the several states composing the United States of America are not united on the principle of
unlimited submission to their general government; but that, by compact, under the style and title
of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general
government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers,
reserving, each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that
whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritive,
void, and of no force;…that this government, created by this compact, was not made the
exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself, since that would have
made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; but that, as in all other
cases of compact among powers having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge
for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress.”
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3.40. The excerpt’s assertion that any state can declare a federal law unconstitutional was
invalidated by which of the following?
(A)
the presidential veto
(B)
the Supreme Court’s exclusive right of judicial review
(C)
Congress’ exclusive power of oversight
(D)
the army’s military force
3.41. Which of the following most directly led to the drafting of the Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions?
(A)
the United States’ annexation of the territory of Kentucky
(B)
the enmity between Jefferson and Madison
(C)
the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act
(D)
the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts
3.42. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions had the most in common with which of the
following?
(A)
the Albany Plan
(B)
the Mayflower Compact
(C)
the South Carolina Exposition and Protest
(D)
the Federalist Papers
15. Questions 3.43-3.45 refer to the following map.
The Northwest Territory Grid System
3.43. The image of the Northwest Territory most directly reflects which of the following
developments in the eighteenth century?
(A)
Spain’s boundary disputes with the United States
(B)
the Northwest Territory’s conflicts with the Native Americans
(C)
the Northwest Ordinance’s orderly procedure for the creation of new states
(D)
the Northwest Ordinance’s establishment of religious freedom
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3.44. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was one of the most significant accomplishments of
which of the following?
(A)
the First Continental Congress
(B)
the Articles of Confederation Congress
(C)
the Second Continental Congress
(D)
the United States Congress
3.45. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided
(A)
the first national reservation for Native Americans.
(B)
the first construction of private Catholic schools in the U.S.
(C)
the first national limitation upon the expansion of slavery.
(D)
the first land grants for co-educational colleges.
16. Questions 3.46-3.48 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: The Jay Treaty, 1794
ARTICLE 1.
There shall be a firm inviolable and universal Peace, and a true and sincere Friendship between
His Britannick Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, and the United States of America; and
between their respective Countries, Territories, Cities, Towns and People of every Degree,
without Exception of Persons or Places.
ARTICLE 2.
His Majesty will withdraw all His Troops and Garrisons from all Posts and Places within the
Boundary Lines assigned by the Treaty of Peace to the United States. This Evacuation shall take
place on or before the first Day of June One thousand seven hundred and ninety six, and all the
proper Measures shall in the interval be taken by concert between the Government of the United
States, and His Majesty’s Governor General in America, for settling the previous arrangements
which may be necessary respecting the delivery of the said Posts:…
ARTICLE 11.
It is agreed between His Majesty and the United States of America, that there shall be a
reciprocal and entirely perfect Liberty of Navigation and Commerce, between their respective
People, in the manner, under the Limitations, and on the Conditions specified in the following
Articles…”
3.46. The excerpt from Jay’s Treaty best serves as evidence of which of the following?
(A)
After the American Revolution, the British had enjoyed peaceful commercial relations
with the U.S.
(B)
After the American Revolution, the British had held onto forts in U.S. territory in
violation of the Treaty of Paris.
(C)
After the American Revolution, the French had enjoyed peaceful commercial relations
with the U.S.
(D)
After the American Revolution, the U.S. had engaged in war with both Great Britain and
France.
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3.47. Which of the following was one of the American goals for the negotiations with Great
Britain?
(A)
to attempt to annex the British province of Canada
(B)
to attempt to acquire trading rights with China
(C)
to attempt to end Britain’s ban on America’s neutral shipping to France
(D)
to attempt to resolve the U.S. claim to California territory
3.48. Which of the following contributed most directly to the American public’s bitterness over
the Jay Treaty?
(A)
It gave Britain the right to settle the Pacific Northwest.
(B)
It prompted France to invade the U.S. territory of Louisiana.
(C)
It gave Britain the right to impose high tariffs on the U.S. export of manufactured goods.
(D)
It failed to accomplish much, and many preferred to go to war against Britain.
17. Questions 3.49-3.51 refer to the following image.
IMAGE: Little Turtle talking with General Anthony Wayne
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3.49. The illustration most directly reflects which of the following?
(A)
Contact between the U.S. Army and Native Americans increased the trade in alcohol and
firearms.
(B)
Contact between Native Americans and the U.S. Army in the Northwest led to the Treaty
of Greenville.
(C)
The encounters of the U.S. Army with Indians resulted in soldiers’ adoption of Native
American customs.
(D)
The encounters between Americans and Indians were always belligerent.
3.50. Which of the following contributed most directly to the Treaty of Greenville?
(A)
the election of George Washington to the U.S. presidency
(B)
Little Turtle’s defeats of the U.S. forces
(C)
the appointment of Anthony Wayne as major general of the U.S. Army
(D)
the U.S. Army’s victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
3.51. One significant result of the Treaty of Greenville was
(A)
the discovery and exploration of the Northwest Passage.
(B)
the extinction of the Cherokee Indian tribe in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
(C)
the ceding of most of the ancestral Indian land in the Northwest to white settlement.
(D)
the spread of polio among the Miami and Mohawk Indians in the Northwest.
18. Questions 3.52-3.54 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Farmers Protest the New Whiskey Tax, 1790
“That your petitioners are greatly aggrieved by the present operation of an Excise Law…by
which we are made subject to a duty of four pence per gallon on all spirituous liquors distilled
and consumed amongst us from the productions of our farms, even for private and domestic
uses…excise laws…have…created…tumults amongst the people…In this new country,
labourers are exceedingly scarce, and their hire excessively high, and we find that liquor proves a
necessary means of engaging their service and securing their continuance through the several
important seasons of the year, when the pressing calls of labour must be attended to, let the
conditions be what they may. For these reasons we have found it absolutely necessary to
introduce a number of small distilleries into our settlements…merely for the accommodation of
such…and without any commercial views whatever…With as much propriety a duty might be
laid on the rye we feed to our horses; the bread we eat ourselves, or any other article
manufactured from the products of our own farms. Our remote situation from the channels of
commerce, has long ago prohibited the use of all imported liquors amongst us, and as we are
aiming at independence in our manner of living, we have neither the abilities or inclination to
aspire to their use. We freely resign them to our eastern neighbours, whom Providence has
placed under the meridian rays of commercial affluence, and whose local situation confer on
them many enjoyments which nature has denied to us; and whilst they are revelling in the
luxuries of the most bountiful foreign climes, we are perfectly content with the humble produce
of our own farms, and it is our only wish to be permitted to enjoy them in freedom.”
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3.52. The excerpt regarding the federal government’s method of raising revenue through an
excise tax on whiskey most directly reflects which of the following?
(A)
Western Pennsylvania farmers believed that a tax should be placed on imported liquors.
(B)
Western Pennsylvania farmers argued that the government should raise revenue through
an income tax.
(C)
Western Pennsylvania farmers viewed the tax as an attack on their livelihoods.
(D)
Western Pennsylvania farmers accepted the tax as a necessary part of U.S. citizenship.
3.53. The sentiments expressed in the excerpt highlight the
(A)
tensions between farm owners and transient Native American laborers.
(B)
tensions between millers who grind the grain and farmers who raise the crops.
(C)
tensions between farm owners and rebellious African slaves.
(D)
tensions between the backcountry culture on the western frontier and the more urban
eastern culture.
3.54. One direct effect of President Washington’s use of force to end the Whiskey Rebellion was
that it
(A)
led western farmers to vote for John Adams in the next election.
(B)
ensured that the authority of the federal government was supreme.
(C)
prompted many western farmers to immigrate to Canada.
(D)
weakened the authority of the federal government.
19. Questions 3.55-3.57 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: J. Hector St. John Crèvecoeur, “What Is an American?” 1782
“It is not composed, as in Europe, of great lords who possess everything, and of a herd of people
who have nothing. Here are no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings, no bishops, no
ecclesiastical dominion, no invisible power giving to a few a very visible one, no great
manufacturers employing thousands, no great refinements of luxury. The rich and the poor are
not so far removed from each other as they are in Europe. Some few towns excepted, we are all
tillers of the earth, from Nova Scotia to West Florida. We are a people of cultivators, scattered
over an immense territory, communicating with each other by means of good roads and
navigable rivers, united by the silken bands of mild government, all respecting the laws, without
dreading their power, because they are equitable. We are all animated with the spirit of an
industry which is unfettered and unrestrained, because each person works for himself…whence
came all these people? They are a mixture of English, Scotch, Irish, French, Dutch, Germans,
and Swedes. From this promiscuous breed, that race now called Americans have arisen…What
then is the American, this new man? He is either an European, or the descendant of an European,
hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. I could point out to
you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married
a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations. He is an
American, who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones
from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he
holds.”
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3.55. In this excerpt, Crévecoeur’s description of America has the most in common with which
of the following?
(A)
Alexander Hamilton’s vision of a great manufacturing nation
(B)
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney’s vision of a nation based on slave labor
(C)
Thomas Jefferson’s vision of a nation of independent farmers
(D)
Tecumseh’s vision of an independent Indian nation
3.56. Crévecoeur’s portrayal of Americans is most clearly an example of which of the following
developments in the eighteenth century?
(A)
the American imitation of European fashions
(B)
the revival of religious fervor in America
(C)
the growth of the transatlantic slave trade
(D)
the creation of a multiethnic national identity
3.57. According to Crévecoeur, which of the following factors most directly contributed to
Americans’ freedom?
(A)
the possession of a European ancestry
(B)
the absence of a rigid social class system
(C)
laboring for benevolent employers
(D)
the wisdom of an enlightened monarchy
20. Questions 3.58-3.60 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Letter of Benjamin Banneker to Thomas Jefferson, 1791
“Sir, suffer me to recall to your mind that time, in which the arms and tyranny of the British
crown were exerted, with every powerful effort, in order to reduce you to a state of
servitude…This, Sir, was a time when you clearly saw into the injustice of a state of slavery, and
in which you had just apprehensions of the horrors of its condition. It was now that your
abhorrence thereof was so excited, that you publicly held forth this true and invaluable doctrine,
which is worthy to be recorded and remembered in all succeeding ages: “We hold these truths to
be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable rights, and that among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.’’
Here was a time, in which your tender feelings for yourselves had engaged you thus to declare,
you were then impressed with proper ideas of the great violation of liberty, and the free
possession of those blessings, to which you were entitled by nature; but, Sir, how pitiable is it to
reflect, that although you were so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of Mankind,
and of his equal and impartial distribution of these rights and privileges, which he hath conferred
upon them, that you should at the same time counteract his mercies, in detaining by fraud and
violence so numerous a part of my brethren, under groaning captivity and cruel oppression, that
you should at the same time be found guilty of that most criminal act, which you professedly
detested in others, with respect to yourselves.”
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3.58. The excerpt from a free black man’s letter to Jefferson most directly reflects which of the
following?
(A)
the contrast between the African-American’s illiteracy and Jefferson’s advanced
education
(B)
the difference between Banneker’s Christianity and Jefferson’s lack of religious devotion
(C)
the division between British and American cultural attitudes
(D)
the contradiction between the Declaration of Independence and Jefferson’s slave
ownership
3.59. The influence of the American Revolution’s emphasis on liberty can be seen in which of
the following?
(A)
By the 1830s, indentured servitude among immigrants had almost entirely ended in the
U.S.
(B)
By the mid-19th century, the apprenticeship system had ended.
(C)
Prior to 1800, every northern state had begun the process of ending slavery.
(D)
By the 1830s, New England unions had condemned child labor.
3.60. The view of many Southern plantation owners that the Declaration of Independence did not
invalidate their property rights in slaves led to
(A)
their support of a South Carolinian abolition society.
(B)
their ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory.
(C)
the 3/5 compromise in the Constitution.
(D)
the first amendment in the Bill of Rights.
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21. Questions 3.61-3.63 refer to the following excerpt.
DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Pinckney’s Treaty, 1796
“ARTICLE II. To prevent all disputes on the subject of the boundaries which separate the
territories of the two High contracting Parties, it is hereby declared and agreed as follows: to wit:
The Southern boundary of the United States which divides their territory from the Spanish
Colonies of East and West Florida, shall be designated by a line beginning on the River
Mississippi at the Northernmost part…ARTICLE IV. It is likewise agreed that the Western
boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in
the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi from the Northern boundary of the said
States to the completion of the thirty first degree of latitude North of the Equator; and his
Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth
from its source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the United
States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special
convention…in consequence of the stipulations contained in the IV. article his Catholic Majesty
will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from this time to deposit
their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans, and to export them from thence
without paying any other duty than a fair price for the hire of the stores, and his Majesty
promises either to continue this permission if he finds during that time that it is not prejudicial to
the interests of Spain, or if he should not agree to continue it there, he will assign to them on
another part of the banks of the Mississippi an equivalent establishment.”
3.61. The excerpt from Pinckney’s Treaty most directly reflects which of the following?
(A)
the conflict between Catholic Spanish and Protestant U.S. cultures
(B)
the Spanish refusal to sell the Louisiana territory to the Americans
(C)
the Spanish agreement to open up the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans to
U.S. commerce
(D)
the Spanish negotiations for the annexation of Florida
3.62. One direct effect of the treaty Pinckney negotiated with Spain was that
(A)
escaped slaves in the Mississippi region could gain amnesty and return to U.S. territory.
(B)
an Indian reservation for the Seminoles was established west of the Mississippi River.
(C)
the Spanish withdrew their soldiers from East and West Florida.
(D)
Western farmers could ship their goods down the Mississippi River to world markets
instead of transporting them across mountains.
3.63. Which of the following was another significant result of the treaty with Spain?
(A)
the immigration of Spanish settlers into the northeastern region of the U.S.
(B)
the withdrawal of Spanish claims to the California territory
(C)
the expansion of the southern and western boundaries of the U.S.
(D)
the U.S. invasion of the Canary Islands
3.64. I have just returned from a visit to my Brother, with my Father who carried me there the
day before yesterday—and called here in my return to see this much injured Town. . . . I will not
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despair, but will believe that our cause being good we shall finally prevail. . . . There has been in
Town conspiracy of the Negroes— at present it is kept pretty private and was discovered by one
who endeavored to dissuade them from it— . . . they . . . got a man to draw up a petition to the
Governor telling him they would fight for him provided he would arm them and engage to
liberate them if he conquered—and it is said that he attended so much to it as to [consult] . . .
upon it—and one . . . has been very busy and active—there is but little said, and what steps they
will take in consequence of it I know not—it always appeared a most iniquitous scheme to me
[to] fight ourselves for what we are daily [robbing] and plundering from those who have as good
a right freedom as we have—you know my mind upon this subject. . . .
Yours most sincerely, Abigail Adams
—Letter of Abigail Adams to John Adams, 1774
Which of the following shows the influence of the American Revolution on limiting the growth
of slavery?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Land Ordinance
Northwest Ordinance
The Great Compromise
The 3/5ths Compromise
3.65.
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An illustration of a fight on the floor of Congress between Vermont Representative Matthew Lyon and
Roger Griswold of Connecticut over the Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
Which political party supported the Alien and Sedition Acts?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Democratic Republicans
Whigs
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