SIMUNC: UNSC
I.
Committee Overview
The United Nations Security Council is one of the six primary councils of the United
Nations. It was first established on October 24, 1945 by China, the U.S.S.R., the United
Kingdom, France and the United States after World War II. The five countries were established
themselves as the council’s five permanent members with the ability to veto resolutions. Today,
China, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States still possess the ability to veto
resolutions in the council. Originally in the council, there were temporary members based on
geographical region. This was increased to ten (was six before) in 1965.1
The purpose of the Council is to “investigate any dispute, or any situation which might
lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the peace and
security.”2 The United Nations Security Council aims to: investigate situations which can
potentially threaten international peace, recommend procedure for peaceful resolutions, call upon
member nations to interrupt economic relations or sever diplomatic relations and enforce military
decisions, if necessary.
Currently, the Security Council is made up of 15 members- five permanents (United
States, United Kingdom, China, France, and Russia) and ten temporary members elected by the
General Assembly to serve for two year terms. The geographic distribution of the ten temporary
1
"WHAT WE DO: THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL." United Nations Foundation.
http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/united-nations/the-un-securitycouncil.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/.
2
Ibis
members is as follows: five from Africa and Asia, one from Eastern Europe, two from Latin
America and the Caribbean, and two from Western European and other states.3
II.
Introduction
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was established in 1948 in the wake of
World War II. After the second world war came to a close in 1945, the Potsdam Conference
established that Korea, having been previously ruled by Japan, would be split along the 38th
parallel and temporarily governed by the Soviet Union in the north and by the United States in
the south.4 The north, refusing to hold the elections required by the UN, instated a communist
leader, mirroring Soviet Union. From then on, North Korea has been ruled by the same dynasty
throughout its entire history.5 North Korea is a relentlessly controlling communist country ruling
under the philosophy of self-reliance, isolationism, and a refusal to modernize, prompting
scrutiny on the global stage. North Korea is first to boast of its loyal communist workers, yet is
consistently accused of human rights abuses and failing to provide for its citizens. Though
desperate for aid, North Korea is begging a reluctant audience due to their prolific nuclear
program and neglect of its own people.
3
"How the UN Security Council Works." How the UN Security Council Works. Accessed November 05, 2016.
http://worldpress.org/specials/iraq/unsc.htm.
4
"38th Parallel." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed November 05, 2016.
https://www.britannica.com/place/38th-parallel.
5
Pruitt, Sarah. "What You Need to Know About North Korea." History.com. 2013. Accessed November 05, 2016.
http://www.history.com/news/what-you-need-to-know-about-north-korea.
Topic 1: North Korean Disaster Relief
I. Background
In keeping with their policy of self-reliance, leadership enforces that food must be grown
domestically instead of imported. This makes subsistence and mass farming a huge profession in
North Korea, with far more farmers than other nations of its size, because food cannot be
imported to sustain isolation. However, the mountainous North Korea lacks enough arable land
to provide sufficient food supply, and the growing season is cut short. 6 Situated in an
environment of extremes, North Korea suffers periodic monsoon flooding and drought, which
devastate their crucial food supply. North Korea has suffered multiple natural disasters in the
past, and without extensive trade markets North Korea struggles to feed itself. 7 It is estimated
that since the 1990’s, up to two million people have died in North Korea because of natural
disasters creating food shortages.8
In the mid to late 1990’s, North Korea was pounded by famine that sprouted from a
deadly combination of droughts and floods. In a report from North Korean officials in May of
2001, it was disclosed that at least 220,000 people had died from famine in just three years, with
estimates reaching 2 million. On multiple occasions, North Korea agreed to political concessions
for the sake of humanitarian aid, however their refusal to uphold their end of the agreements
nullified the aid. In 2005, North Korea agreed to end it’s nuclear program during talks with
6
Palmer, Brian. "Why Are North Koreans Always Starving?" Slate Magazine. 2012. Accessed November 05, 2016.
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/03/north_korea_nuclear_deal_why_does_the_herm
it_kingdom_suffer_so_many_famines_.html.
Https://www.facebook.com/nickloganjournalist/. "How North Korea’s Nuclear Tests Complicate Its Need for
Disaster Relief." Global News How North Koreas Nuclear Tests Complicate Its Need for Disaster Relief. 2016.
Accessed November 05, 2016. http://globalnews.ca/news/2938457/how-north-koreas-nuclear-tests-complicate-itsneed-for-disaster-relief/.
8
South Korea, China, Russia, Japan, and the United States, known as the Six-Party Talks,
however their nuclear program is still active today. 9
In 2012, more flooding ruined 75,600 acres of arable land, prompting assistance from the
World Food Program and South Korea, though the nation was reluctant to accept the assistance
from South Korea. 10 The United States promised 240,000 tons of food if they stopped their long
range missile tests, however ended their proposed aid when North Korea launched a rocket on
April 13, 2013. 11
These natural disasters ruin crop supply, tarnish drinking water, and leave citizens
crippled at the onset of winter, North Korea’s most violent season. Furthermore, the communities
most devastated by the floods have weaker infrastructure to begin with, making them most
susceptible to ruin when nature strikes. In North Korea, 60% of all children are malnourished—
the worst rate among developing nations surveyed by WHO and UNICEF. 12
II. Current Situation and International Involvement
Currently, the stakes could not be higher. In September of 2016, flooding in the northern
provinces of North Korea from Typhoon Lionrock crippled the nation once again. According to
UN reports, 140,000 people need aid after their lives have been devastated and food supply
9
News, BBC. "North Korea Agrees to Nuclear Moratorium." BBC News. Accessed November 05, 2016.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-17208755.
10
CNN. Accessed November 05, 2016. http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/03/world/asia/north-korea-floods/index.html.
"North Korea Disaster Diplomacy." Disaster Diplomacy.
http://www.disasterdiplomacy.org/northkorea.html#2012.
12
"North Korea- Suspicious Minds." Frontline World. January 2003.
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/northkorea/facts.html#05.
11
demolished. 13 However, the report from North Korea dictating its plea for help was released in
English, prompting the assumption that they could be playing for Western attention.
Figure 1, released from the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on
September 11, 2016, shows the extent of damage in North Korea caused by Typhoon Lionrock.14
The current sanctions of the UNSC against North Korea exclude humanitarian aid,
therefore countries are still encouraged to send help.15 In the past, South Korea is usually first to
give aid, once providing 1.2 billion in food and fertilizer. 16 South Korea’s close proximity to the
fiery North Korea makes them vulnerable to be persuaded to assist for fear of nuclear action
13
"North Korea: UN Rights Expert Calls for Increased Support for the Victims of Typhoon Lionrock [EN/KO]."
ReliefWeb. September 21, 2016. Accessed November 5, 2016. http://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-peoplesrepublic-korea/north-korea-un-rights-expert-calls-increased-support.
"DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA: Flooding ..." Accessed November 5, 2016.
http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PRK_floodsnapshot_160911.pdf.
15
Ibis
16
@CatoInstitute. "No Foreign Aid for North Korea If Another Famine Strikes." Cato Institute. 2015. Accessed
November 05, 2016. http://www.cato.org/blog/no-foreign-aid-north-korea-another-famine-strikes.
14
from their closest neighbor. Japan’s likelihood of aid is dependent on the situation, with their
troubled history with the nation still influencing present-day decisions. United States provided
1.1 billion during the immense famine of the 90’s, however is currently wary of all relations with
North Korea because of their threatening nuclear tests. However, United States, Japan, and South
Korea have a tight alliance with each other that sways what each are willing to do. China is most
likely to support North Korea, as they are one of the few nations invested in trade agreements
within the North Korean economy, making them reluctant to sign on to international sanctions. 17
Most likely to give North Korea aid are non-governmental organizations such as the
World Health Organization, the Red Cross, UNICEF, and the United Nations World Food
Program, who don’t have a security risk in providing North Korea with help. In February of
2016, UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) gave 8 million dollars to North Korea to
combat multiple social issues.
Though the frequency of natural disasters cannot be helped, many countries perceive the
root cause of North Korea’s famines to be their lack of preparedness and their failed attempt to
completely subsidize all their food production. Furthermore, the missile crisis and uncertainty of
North Koreas’s nuclear program sabotages the North Korean people’s chance to receive foreign
aid. Adding to criticism of North Korea are the many reports of human rights abuses within the
totalitarian state. A 2014 UN Commission of Inquiry found that the abuses include forced labor,
secret prison camps, enslavement, sexual violence, torture, and imprisonment without cause.18
With missile testing reaching new frequency in North Korea, countries are reluctant to
sympathize with their cry for help, despite the humanitarian cause. And their reluctance shows.
17
Council on Foreign Relations. Accessed November 05, 2016. http://www.cfr.org/china/china-north-korearelationship/p11097.
18
"North Korea." Human Rights Watch. Accessed November 05, 2016. https://www.hrw.org/asia/north-korea.
Funding for UN North Korea agencies has rapidly fallen in recent years, from 300 million in
2004 to less than 50 million in 2014. 19 Past sanctions on North Korea have discouraged
countries of conducting business with the unreliable nation, however humanitarian aid is always
the exception.20 North Korea’s frequent missile tests and bad rapport with foreign nations also
makes countries wary of sending humanitarian aid, for fear of supporting the North Korea
regime instead of the people. 21
III. United Nations Involvement
The United Nations is consistently highlighting the need for humanitarian aid in North
Korea, and tries to keep humanitarian aid as the exception to most trade sanctions against the
country. The UNSC has a crucial role in determining how much aid is given to North Korea
during times of trial, with sanctions crippling North Korea’s international relations. Resolution
1718 passed on in October of 2006 after North Korea’s 2006 nuclear test placed sanctions
against trade and travel, yet allowed money transfers and travel for the sake of humanitarian
aid.22 After North Korea conducted underground nuclear testing in 2009, violating the previous
resolution, the UNSC passed Resolution 1874, which tightened the sanctions against any
19
"U.N. Calls for $111 Million for Crucial Aid for North Korea." Reuters. 2015. Accessed November 05, 2016.
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-aid-un-idUSKBN0N01YK20150409.
20
"UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea | Arms Control Association." UN Security Council Resolutions
on North Korea | Arms Control Association. Accessed November 05, 2016.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea.
21
@CatoInstitute. "No Foreign Aid for North Korea If Another Famine Strikes." Cato Institute. 2015. Accessed
November 05, 2016. http://www.cato.org/blog/no-foreign-aid-north-korea-another-famine-strikes.
22
"UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea | Arms Control Association." UN Security Council Resolutions
on North Korea | Arms Control Association. Accessed November 05, 2016.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea.
financial assistance and restricted all imports or exports of weapons with the nation, but once
again cited humanitarian aid as the exception.23
The sanctions against North Korea by the UNSC continue to protect the civilian
population at all costs. UN North Korea coordinator Ghulam Isaczai states, "Humanitarian needs
must be kept separate from political issues to be able to ensure minimum living conditions for
the most vulnerable, especially women, children and the elderly." 24 However, countries have
trouble making that distinction.
Questions to Consider
1. Considering the human rights cases against them, does NK deserve humanitarian aid?
2. How can nations ensure that humanitarian aid supports the people instead of a regime, in
order to protect their own security?
3. Is it fair to let people suffer because of decisions that their government makes?
4. Given these natural disasters have been going on for approximately 20 years, is their lack
of preparedness something that disqualifies them for humanitarian aid?
5. Is it fair for the United Nations to ask nations to provide humanitarian aid after North
Korea has targeted them?
6. If NGO’s and particular countries are providing aid due to national disasters, does that
compromise the security of the nation providing aid?
23
"UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea | Arms Control Association." UN Security Council Resolutions
on North Korea | Arms Control Association. Accessed November 05, 2016.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea.
24
"U.N. Calls for $111 Million for Crucial Aid for North Korea." Reuters. 2015. Accessed November 05, 2016.
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-aid-un-idUSKBN0N01YK20150409.
Topic 2: North Korean Nuclear Proliferation
I. Background
North Korea is infamously known for its nuclear weapons and isolation policies. The
country, which emerged at the end of the second World War in 1948, is a totalitarian state.25
Dictators have shaped this nation; the current dictator, Kim Jung-un, has radically changed the
face of North Korea by increasing the prominence of nuclear weapons. For decades, North Korea
has been one of the world’s most secretive societies and it is one of the few countries that
follows the rules of communism. Due to North Korea’s nuclear goals, the country has tense
relations with other countries around the world, ultimately also a reason for the rigid
isolationism.26
The first mention of nuclear weaponry was in 1992 when both South Korea and North
Korea agreed on a nuclear ban.27 Contradicting modern relations, North and South Korea
initialed an agreement banning nuclear weapons from the Korean Peninsula called the Joint
Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.28 This agreement was fundamental
to the demilitarization of North Korea; North Korea’s neighbor, South Korea, and the United
States shared concern that North Korea would become a nuclear power; however, North Korea
insisted that its nuclear program had intentions of only peaceful applications. In order to
maintain this agreement, the two Koreas established South-North Joint Nuclear Control
25
News, BBC. "North Korea Country Profile." BBC News. Accessed November 05, 2016.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15256929.
26
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27
"2 Koreas Agree on Nuclear Ban, But Not on Method of ..." Accessed November 5, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/01/world/2-koreas-agree-on-nuclear-ban-but-not-on-method-of-inspections.html.
28
James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. "Glossary." NTI. http://www.nti.org/learn/glossary/#jointdeclaration-denuclearization-korean-peninsula.
Commission (JNCC), which was later diminished due to North Korea’s inability to follow
through with the inspection agreements.29
Shortly after failing to comply with the denuclearization agreement, North Korea
defiantly announced that it was going to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
(NPT). North Korea expressed that their reason was to defends “its supreme interest.” 30 Later,
North Korea retracted its statement of withdrawal to avert a major confrontation with western
nations. An agreement was reached between American diplomats and North Korean officials to
honor the treaty for a short time longer, however, the totalitarian state gave no mention of
compliance towards allowed inspection. While countries suggested military action, the United
States, Japan, and South Korea relied on pressure and negotiations to prevent threats of a
nuclear-armed North Korea.31
II. Current Situation and International Involvement
The first successful test of the country’s homegrown mid-range missile, named the
Rodong 1 (also referred to as No-dong and Ro-dong), was conducted in 1993. Japan became
quickly concerned about the communist state’s nuclear weapons as some of the most populous
Japanese cities could have been affected. The tests were conducted on the Sea of Japan;
American intelligence said that the missile was capable of carrying a payload of chemical
weapons. After negotiations of the NPT in North Korea previously, the missile test set the
progress back to a state of unrest and tension.32 The country later announced its withdrawal from
29
Ibis
"North Korea, Fighting Inspection, Renounces Nuclear Arms ..." Accessed November 5, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/12/world/north-korea-fighting-inspection-renounces-nuclear-arms-treaty.html.
31
"NORTH KOREA SAYS IT WON'T PULL OUT OF ARMS PACT NOW ..." Accessed November 5, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/12/world/north-korea-says-it-won-t-pull-out-of-arms-pact-now.html.
32
"MISSILE IS TESTED BY NORTH KOREANS - NYTimes.com." Accessed November 5, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/13/world/missile-is-tested-by-north-koreans.html.
30
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), resulting in the agency’s inspectors not being
allowed into the country. Consequently, the Clinton administration reinforced the American
military presence in South Korea.
Immediately preceding the death of Kim II-sung, the leader of North Korea for five
decades, Kim Jong-il inherited an impoverish country in post-cold-war state.33 Kim Jong-il
signed 1994 US-North Korean agreement in which the North Korea would freeze all nuclear
weapons development activity, but later “nullified” it during the admittance of a nuclear
program.34
A few of the most influential nations, the United States, China, Russia, South Korea, and
Japan help the first round of negotiations with North Korea in Beijing in August 2003. The five
countries expressed that North Korea would have no option but to abandon its nuclear program.
They hoped to send across a unified message and a solid stance. During the negotiations, the
United States stated that they would not provide any economic or political benefits for North
Korea until the country dismantled its nuclear bombs.35
In 2009, North Korea launched its first long range missile which defied the United States,
China, and a series of UN resolutions. The rocket was designed to propel a satellite into space,
leading to concerns from the Japanese government. They strongly protested against launching
33
"KIM IL SUNG DEAD AT AGE 82; LED NORTH KOREA 5 DECADES; WAS ..." Accessed November 5,
2016. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/09/world/kim-il-sung-dead-at-age-82-led-north-korea-5-decades-was-neartalks-with-south.html.
34
"Fact Sheets & Briefs | Arms Control Association." Fact Sheets & Briefs | Arms Control Association. Accessed
November 05, 2016. https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/agreedframework”.
35
Kahn, Joseph. "KOREA ARMS TALKS CLOSE WITH PLANS FOR A NEW ROUND." August 30, 2003.
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/30/world/korea-arms-talks-close-with-plans-for-a-newround.html?mtrref=www.nytimes.com&_r=0.
any arms over their territory and called upon an emergency meeting of the United Nations
Security Council.36
To prove that North Koreans possess a threat to the international community, they fired
dozens of shells at a South Korean island in 2010. During this incident, the United States, the
United Kingdom, and Japan condemned North Korea for its actions. The White House released a
statement that told the isolated country to “halt its belligerent attacks.”37
When Kim Jong-il passed away, a major change to the North Korean policies occurred.
Kim Jong-un, the current leader of the People’s Republic of Korea, agreed to suspend nuclear
weapons tests in a deal that included an American pledge to ship food aid to the nation.
However, the civil relations are quickly transformed when North Korea declared that it would no
longer abide by the 1953 armistice and would strike the United States with small nukes. Due to
this, the Obama administration stated that the Treasury Department of the United States will
impose sanctions upon a North Korean bank that specializes in foreign exchange transactions.38
Under the rule of Kim Jong-un, the amount of nuclear tests have noticeably increased.
Relating to current nuclear proliferation in North Korea, the nation conducted its fifth and largest
nuclear test in September 2016. This measured to be twice the force of previous blasts,
provoking the United States and its allies to reinforce sanctions on North Korea. The United
36
Sang-Hun, Choe, and David E. Sanger. "North Koreans Launch Rocket Over the Pacific." The New York Times.
April 4, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/world/asia/05korea.html?mtrref=www.nytimes.com&_r=0.
37
"War on the Korean Peninsula? Application of Jus in Bello ..." Accessed November 5, 2016.
https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/2458-nam8easialrev432013.
38
"Threats Sow Concerns Over Korean Armistice - The New York ..." Accessed November 5, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/10/world/asia/threats-sow-concerns-over-korean-armistice.html.
States depends heavily upon China’s influence in North Korean matters, considering that the two
countries are strategic allies in the region.39
III. United Nations Involvement
The topic of nuclear proliferation in North Korea falls directly into the jurisdiction of the
United Nations Security Council. In June 1994, the United States nearly went to war with North
Korea in attempt to stop its nuclear weapons program. The superpower and its allies have also
attempted to use the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to stop nuclear use in North
Korea, but have failed to gain full access to the nuclear sites in the North. Due to the failure of
IAEA, the matter was turned over to the UN Security Council. During the committee, the United
States attempted to gain votes to impose economic sanctions on Pyongyang (the capital of North
Korea).40
The United Nations Security Council has adopted five major resolutions that impose and
strengthen sanctions on North Korea for continuing the development of its nuclear program. The
UN Security Council calls on Pyongyang to dismantle its nuclear program and refrain from
ballistic missile tests. The first two resolutions were passed after the North Korean nuclear tests
in 2006 and 2009. The third was passed after the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
successfully launched a satellite in December 2012. The resolutions prohibited North Korea from
sending such launches under previous UN Security Council Resolutions because they technology
Liem, Christine Hong – Paul. "Rooting Out the North Korean Nuclear Crisis: The Past and Present U.S. Role."
Www.counterpunch.org. 2016. Accessed November 05, 2016. http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/09/15/rootingout-the-north-korean-nuclear-crisis-the-past-and-present-u-s-role/.
40
"The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Understanding The Failure of the 'Crime-and-Punishment' Strategy | Arms
Control Association." The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Understanding The Failure of the 'Crime-and-Punishment'
Strategy | Arms Control Association. Accessed November 05, 2016. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/1997_05/sigal.
39
has the potential to be applied to a ballistic missile. The most recent resolution was adopted in
March 2016 after a nuclear test and satellite launch early in the year. The resolutions, beginning
from the one in 2009, call upon states to inspect North Korean cargo within their territory, enact
authority, and seize and dispose of good prohibited by the UN Security Council Resolutions.41
All five resolutions were unanimously passed by the Security Council. While they are
legally binding, states are prohibited from using force to carry the resolutions out. The
resolutions also call upon North Korea to rejoin the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which the
nation drew out of in 2003. The Security Council has also called for North Korea to return to
negotiations in the Six-Party Talks, which include the countries: South Korea, China, Japan,
Russia, and the United States. The aim of the talks were to peacefully dismantle North Korea’s
nuclear weapons program.42
To date, the UN Security Council Resolutions have proven unsuccessful in preventing
North Korea from advancing its nuclear weapons program. Although the sanctions have shown
development in the areas, the problem of nuclear proliferation still exists. The 1718 Committee,
established by the Security Council, closely monitors the implementation and enforcement of
sanctions against North Korea.43 The second resolution, Resolution 1874 established in 2009,
strengthens measures against North Korea by tightening sanctions on additional goods, persons,
and entities.44 The third resolution, Resolution 2087, condemns North Korea’s satellite launch
and recalls North Korea’s obligations to completely abandon its nuclear programs in a verifiable
41
"UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea | Arms Control Association." UN Security Council Resolutions
on North Korea | Arms Control Association. Accessed November 05, 2016.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea.
42
Ibis.
43
Davenport, Kelsey. "Security Council Resolution 1718." Arms Control Association.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea#res1718.
44
Davenport, Kelsey. "Security Council Resolution 1874." Arms Control Association.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea#res1874.
and irreversible way.45 Resolution 2094, the fourth resolution, aims to make it more difficult for
North Korea to make further progress in its nuclear and ballistic missile programs by hindering
access to hard cash and technological equipment.46 Resolution 2270, the final resolution,
demands that North Korea abandon all mass destructive weapons. The resolution imposes new
financial sanctions on shipping which aim to eliminate the possibility of trafficking prohibited
goods into and out of North Korea. 47
Questions to Consider
1. Three years ago, how could this have been avoided? Are there any sanctions that should
be put on potentially aggressive countries so that something like this doesn’t happen?
2. Is it the United Nations’ place to prevent things from happening or should
3. How should countries react if weapons are being used as threats for UN cooperation?
4. How should countries countermeasure North Korean threats in cooperation with the
UNSC, when neutrality is a less dangerous option?
5. How can territories such as the Sea of Japan be regulated to control NK’s missile tests?
6. Considering the notable increase in launches since the rule of Kim Jong-un, does the UN
have the influence to overthrow a volatile dictator? Is it the UN’s responsibility?
45
Davenport, Kelsey. "Security Council Resolution 2087." Arms Control Association.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea#res2087.
46
Davenport, Kelsey. "Security Council Resolution 2094." Arms Control Association.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea#res2094.
47
Davenport, Kelsey. "Security Council Resolution 2270." Arms Control Association.
https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea#res2270.