Unit 1 Study Guide/Practice Test
Period:
Name:
Physical Science
Date:
1. What are the 4 primary components of the scientific method after the primary observation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ask a question or state the problem
Develop a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis with an experiment
Draw conclusions
2. A quantitative observation is one that contains numbers and/or measurements (usually objective).
3. A qualitative observation is one that contains nonnumeric observations from the senses, often
subjective
4. There are three types of variables in an experiment. List each and give a brief description.
a) Manipulated: the variable we change to find its effect on other variables
b)
Responding: the variable that we measure for a change in response to the manipulated
c)
Controlled: the variables that we keep the same between all trials for a fair test
5. A person wants to test the power of a punch by hitting an object different number of times and
recording the damage done after each hit.
a) The number of hits is the
manipulated
b) The amount of damage done is the
c) What are several controlled variables:
variable.
responding
variable.
object we hit; how we hit it (closed fist, open fist,
etc.); how hard each hit is; where on the object each hit is; who’s hand hits it; how the object is
oriented; how long we wait between hits; etc.
6. The exactness (smallest units measurable) of a measurement is called
7. How close a measurement is to an accepted value is
precision
accuracy
8. What type of graph/display should you use in the following situations:
a) You have data of how the temperature of something changes with time
line graph
b) You have data comparing gas mileage of Honda Civics of different model years
bar graph
c) You have data of what percentage of money from your parent's/guardian's pay check goes into
different expenditures.
Circle (pie) graph
d) You want to display all the raw data you collected in an experiment: data table
9. Where should you plot the responding variable on a line or bar graph?
On the y-axis
(manipulated variable goes on the x-axis)
10. What are several qualities of a good, line or bar graph (besides the given of accurate data)?
a)
Meaningful title
b) Axes labeled (with units where
appropriate)
c) Equal spacing on values on axes
d) Take up most of the space allotted
e) Be neat (straight edge used)
11. You are conducting an experiment where you are testing how well different brands of dish soap clean some
greasy pans. You do this by measuring the amount of time it takes to clean a pan with each type of dish
soap. The following data is recorded:
type of soap
Dawn
Palmolive
Ivory
Seventh Generation
average time to clean pan
10s
13.7s
12.2s
8.5s
a) For this experiment, the manipulated variable is: type of soap
amount of time to clean
b) The responding variable is:
c) 3 controlled variables (there are way more than 3 possible) are:
The type of grease; the amount of grease; how long the grease has been sitting; the type of pan;
where the grease is on the pan; technique for cleaning the grease is cleaned; type of material
used to scrub the pan, how much water is used; how much soap is used, etc.
d) Why is it important that these variables be controlled? To ensure the validy of our results, without
controlling these variables, it could be another factor that is causing a difference, in which case
our data is nearly useless
e) What was the level of precision that was used to measure the times, and is anything wrong with any of
the data knowing that?
The data was measured to the nearest 0.1s, the 10s data should be
10.0s if it was also measured to the nearest 0.1s, otherwise, it says the number was rounded
f) Draw a graph will all the qualities of a good graph that shows this data.
Average time to clean pan with
different brands of soap
16
14
Time to clean pan (s)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Dawn
Palmolive
Type of soap
Ivory
Seventh
Generation
12.Convert the following into scientific notation:
a) 0.000056
5.6x10-5
d) 10,001
1.0001x104
b) 12,000,000
1.2x107
e) 6,003,000,000
6.003x109
c) 0.0100
1.00x10-2
f) 0.004
4x10-3
13.Convert the following into standard numbers:
a) 6.002 x 106
6,002,000
c) 9.889 x 104
98,890
b) 1.11 x 10-3
0.00111
d) 2.2 x 10-6
0.0000022
14.Calculate and round to proper sig figs. Use scientific notation when appropriate:
a) 5.5x105 x 6.6x106 =
2 sig figs: 3.6x1012 (3.63x1012)
b) 1.2x10-77 x 3x105 =
1 sig fig: 4x10-72 (3.6x10-72)
c) 2.366x10-4 / 5.2x104 =
2 sig figs: 4.6x10-9 (4.55x10-9)
d) 3.4566 x 4.2 =
2 sig figs: 15 (14.518)
e) 3999 x 40,000 =
1 sig fig: 200,000,000 (159,960,00)
Express the following with exactly four (4) significant digits, use scientific notation where needed
f) 12,345.8 12,350 (or 1.235x104)
g) 0.003
i) 7,500,000
0.003000 ( or 3.000x10-3)
7.500x106
j) 7 7.000 (or 7.000x100)
h) 21,998.3 2.200x104
k) 299.96321
300.0 (or 3.000x102)
15. Find the answer to the following to the correct number of significant figures:
a)
=
(1.9506874 to 2 sig fig) = 2.0
= (0.14672 to 2 sig fig) = 0.15 (technically, because 25.34 – 7.0 = 18.3, rounded to 1
b)
decimal place, there’s 3 significant figures, so the real answer is 0.147, but we didn’t cover
that so a problem ambiguous like this won’t be on the test)
c)
= (8,567,643,162.1 to 2 sig fig) = 8,600,000,000 (or
8.6x109)
d)
= (2,995.733 to 2 sig fig) = 3.0x103
16.Convert 4.4km to inches. (1 inch = 2.54 cm; 1 ft = 12 in; 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 mi = 1,609.3m (approx);
1 ft = 30.48 cm; 1 yd = 3 ft; 1 mi= 1,760yd) (show grid conversion method! You may use
KHDBDCM to convert between metric units)
plan: km  cm  in;
use KHDBDCM for 4.4km  cm: c is 5 places to the right of the k, so 4.4km = 440,000cm
17.A certain person’s hair grows on average 20cm/year convert this to mi/s (show grid conversion
format!!!!! You can use KHDBDCM) and express in both scientific notation and as an expanded
number (1 inch = 2.54 cm; 1 ft = 12 in; 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 mi = 1,609.3m (approx); 1 ft = 30.48 cm;
1 yd = 3 ft; 1 mi= 1,760yd; 1 year = 365.24 days (approx.); 1 month = 30.437 days (avg approx.);
1 day = 24 h; 1 h =3600s; 1 min = 60s; 1h = 60min; 1 year = 3.1557x107 s (approx.)).
Plan: cm  ft  mi; y  s, then divide answers
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18.You have a sample of 24 junior mints, your sample has a mass of 60.96g and you find your sample
has a volume to be 69.4ml. There is a large jar of junior mints on a shelf. The mass of the junior
mints in the large jar is 1374.1g and you estimate the volume of the large jar of junior mints to be
1375ml.
a) What is the mass of a single junior mint? (show your work using the grid method)
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b) What is the volume of a single junior mint? (show your work using the grid method)
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c) Find the number of junior mints in the large container using the mass conversion factor (show
your work using the grid method)
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d) Find the number of junior mints in the large container using the volume conversion factor
(show your work using the grid method)
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e) Which answer (the number given by the mass or the volume) is likely more accurate and why?
The mass conversion will likely yield the best results because the mass data is not
estimated and has a higher level of precision. The volume data is estimated and
doesn’t account for the air pockets in between the junior mints.
f) You find that 103 Hot Tamales has the same mass as 134 Junior mints, and that 94 Hot
Tamales has the same volume as 127 Junior mints. There is a jar of 532 Hot Tamales. How
much mass and how much volume do the Hot Tamales have? (Show your work using the grid
conversion method).
Mass: 103 HT = 134 JM;
vol: 94 HT = 127 JM
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g) How many junior mints could fit in a room that is 5.00m x 10.0m x 2.50m (1m3=1,000,000cm3;
1cm3 = 1ml). Show your work using the grid method, round your answer to the correct number of
significant figures, and express your answer in scientific notation.
Volume = 5.00·10.0·2.50 = 125m3
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19.The standard unit(s) for density in the metric system is/are
g/ml or g/cm3
20. What is the density of my cat in g/ml if her mass is 7.2kg and she occupies 7.52 liters of space?
Show your work!
KHDBDCM  7.2 K to B is 3 places to right so 7.2kg = 7,200g
7.52 B to M is 3 places to the right so 7.52l = 7,520ml
d = m/V = 7,200g/7,520ml = 0.96g/ml (2 sig fig)
21. What volume is occupied by a 9,000g block of aluminum that has a density of 2.70g/ml? Show
your work!
V = m/d = 9,000g/2.70g/ml = 3,333.3ml=3,000ml (1 sig. fig) OR
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22.Lead has a density of 11.35g/cm3. What is the mass of a 700.0 cm3 sheet of lead? Show your
work!
m = d∙V = 11.35g/cm3∙700.0cm3 = 7,945 g OR
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23. You put an object in a fluid that has a density of 1.2g/ml and the object sinks, what can you
conclude about the density of the object?
The object must have a density greater than 1.2g/ml because it sinks and objects only float on
fluids that are more dense than they are.
24.Convert the following temperatures (Show your work for each):
a) 500K to Celsius.
d) 40 ºC to Fahrenheit.
1.8∙40+32 = 104°F
500 - 273 = 227°C
b) 120 ºC to Kelvin.
e) -65 °F to Kelvin
(-65 – 32)/1.8 = 53.889°C
53.889 + 273 = 326.889K
f) 623 K to Fahrenheit
120 + 273 = 393K
c) 70 ºF degrees to Celsius.
623 – 273 = 350°C
1.8∙350+32 = 662°F
(70-32)/1.8 = 52.22°F
25.The temperature at which all molecular motion stops is
-273ºC degrees or 0 K.
26.The temperature at which:
a) Water freezes:
0oC
32oF
273K
b) Water boils:
100oC
212oF
373K
27.True or False-If I complete all my assignments, show all my work in the way asked, check the
website or ask questions when unclear, come in for help when I’m confused, I will do well in this
class.
Oh so VERY, VERY TRUE