Laser Acceleration of Protons and Ions at Salamanca
Michael Seimetz and Pablo Bellido
for the PLA collaboration
MAP Targetry Workshop
Garching
October 9-11, 2013
Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and co-funded
with FEDER’s funds within the INNPACTO 2011 program.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
1 / 16
Table of contents
1
Objectives of the PLA project
2
Experimental setup at CLPU Salamanca
3
Particle detectors
4
Target design
5
Summary and outlook
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
2 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Proton Laser Applications: Development of medical applications of
laser-accelerated proton and ion beams.
Example: Production of radiopharmaceuticals.
Current situation: 35M patient examinations per year, thereof
90% SPECT/planar scintigraphy: γ emitters, mostly 99m Tc. Derived
from nuclear reactors (only 5 worldwide). Risk of shortage.
10% PET: e + emitters, mostly 18 F (T1/2 = 2 h), also
13 N (10 min), 15 O (2 min). Produced in cyclotrons.
11 C
(20 min),
Disadvantages of distribution system (production site → hospitals):
Decay of short-lived isotopes during transport.
Limited to
99m Tc
and
18 F.
Lack of flexibility in daily schedule.
Dependency on external supplier.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
3 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Significant improvements with on-site production. Commercial cyclotrons:
GE PETtrace (only PET isotopes):
16.5 MeV H− (80 µA),
8.4 MeV D− (60 µA)
1.2 × 1.3 × 1.9 m3
+ external beamlines
20 tons
2.5 M$.
Laser-based technology may be cheaper and more compact.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
4 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Physical requirements:
Isotope yield
2000
Yield [GBq/C]
Sufficient p energy (> 10 MeV)
1800
1600
18
O(p,n)18F
100
Mo(p,2n)99mTc
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
5
10
15
20
25
30
Proton energy [MeV]
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
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Production of radioisotopes
Physical requirements:
Sufficient p energy (> 10 MeV)
Large proton no. per shot
(e.g., Fritzler 2003, Antici 2007)
S. Fritzler et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003)
P. Antici et al., Phys. Plasmas 14 (2007)
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
5 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Physical requirements:
Sufficient p energy (> 10 MeV)
Large proton no. per shot
(e.g., Fritzler 2003, Antici 2007)
High pulse rate (100-1000 Hz)
S. Fritzler et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003)
P. Antici et al., Phys. Plasmas 14 (2007)
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
5 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Physical requirements:
Sufficient p energy (> 10 MeV)
Large proton no. per shot
(e.g., Fritzler 2003, Antici 2007)
High pulse rate (100-1000 Hz)
p-rich and “thick” laser target
Suppose CH2 target, ρ = 1 g/cm3 ,
4 µm spot ⇒ 1011 p in 90 nm layer.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
5 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Physical requirements:
Sufficient p energy (> 10 MeV)
Large proton no. per shot
(e.g., Fritzler 2003, Antici 2007)
High pulse rate (100-1000 Hz)
p-rich and “thick” laser target
Suppose CH2 target, ρ = 1 g/cm3 ,
4 µm spot ⇒ 1011 p in 90 nm layer.
“Moderate” pulse power (< 1 J)
H. Daido et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 (2012)
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
5 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Physical requirements:
Sufficient p energy (> 10 MeV)
Large proton no. per shot
(e.g., Fritzler 2003, Antici 2007)
High pulse rate (100-1000 Hz)
p-rich and “thick” laser target
Suppose CH2 target, ρ = 1 g/cm3 ,
4 µm spot ⇒ 1011 p in 90 nm layer.
“Moderate” pulse power (< 1 J)
High conversion efficiency
H. Daido et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 (2012)
1011 p carry 4 · 1011 MeV ' 50 mJ.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
5 / 16
Production of radioisotopes
Physical requirements:
Sufficient p energy (> 10 MeV)
Large proton no. per shot
(e.g., Fritzler 2003, Antici 2007)
High pulse rate (100-1000 Hz)
p-rich and “thick” laser target
Suppose CH2 target, ρ = 1 g/cm3 ,
4 µm spot ⇒ 1011 p in 90 nm layer.
“Moderate” pulse power (< 1 J)
High conversion efficiency
H. Daido et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 (2012)
1011 p carry 4 · 1011 MeV ' 50 mJ.
Our strategy: Demonstrate proton acceleration at large-scale installations
(CLPU), then optimise components to reduce size, energy, etc.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
5 / 16
Collaboration members
Collaboration INNPACTO-PLA (since 2011):
I3M (Institute for Instrumentation in Molecular Imaging, Valencia):
Senior scientists: J.M. Benlloch, F. Sánchez, M.J. Rodrı́guez-Álvarez
Postdocs: M. Seimetz, A.J. González, A. Soriano, J.P. Rigla
Ph.D. students: P. Bellido, L. Moliner, P. Conde, A. Iborra
Technicians: L. Hernández, L.F. Vidal, F. Martos, E. Crespo.
CLPU (Spanish Pulsed Laser Centre, Salamanca):
Senior scientists: L. Roso
Postdocs: J.I. Apiñaniz, A. Peralta Conde, M. Sánchez Albaneda,
M. Rico
Ph.D. students: F. Valle Brozas.
Proton Laser Applications S.L. (Salamanca):
Senior scientists: M. Galán
Postdocs: A. Ruiz, S. Torres
Ph.D. students: R. Lera.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
6 / 16
The Spanish Pulsed Laser Centre
Started at University of Salamanca (0.5 TW in March 2003)
Now: CLPU at Villamayor, VEGA TW lasers operative
New building nearly finished, PW laser operative by end of 2014.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
7 / 16
VEGA system
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
8 / 16
VEGA system
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
8 / 16
VEGA system
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
8 / 16
PLA setup
Vacuum systems for first experiments at VEGA I and II (20-200 TW):
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
9 / 16
The I3M institute at Valencia
Institute for Instrumentation in
Molecular Imaging (I3M):
Founded in 2011
Located at Polytechnical
University (UPV)
Detector group: formerly at
IFIC (Particle Physics Institute)
Research activities: medical and
preclinical imaging devices;
PLA.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
10 / 16
Particle detectors for PLA
Starting point for detector development: What are we looking for?
Laser accelerated protons:
Energies: 0.5-12 MeV (hopefully)
Particle numbers: 103 -1011 per shot and energy interval
Spatial distribution: suppose small opening angle
⇒ Need versatile detector, at least for first trials.
Ion acceleration (esp. carbon): Maybe similar spectra (in MeV/u),
but more difficult to detect due to limited range in matter.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
11 / 16
Particle detectors for PLA
Radiochromic films:
Radiation sensitive film (Gafchromic
HD-V2, 10-1000 Gy)
Grey scale (OD) ∼ dose,
calibrated at 6 MeV tandem
accelerator (CNA Sevilla)
High spatial resolution for particle
distribution
Stack ⇒ proton energy spectra.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
12 / 16
Particle detectors for PLA
TOF detector:
Plastic scintillator, 25 × 25 × 5 mm3
Coupling to PMT via optical fibres
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
13 / 16
Particle detectors for PLA
TOF detector:
Plastic scintillator, 25 × 25 × 5 mm3
Coupling to PMT via optical fibres
Variable optical filters in front of
PMT for large dynamic range
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
13 / 16
Particle detectors for PLA
TOF detector:
Plastic scintillator, 25 × 25 × 5 mm3
Coupling to PMT via optical fibres
Variable optical filters in front of
PMT for large dynamic range
Readout on oscilloscope
Signal [V]
scope_33_1.csv
0
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
-50
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
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-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Time [ns]
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
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Particle detectors for PLA
TOF detector:
Coupling to PMT via optical fibres
Pulse height measurements
Up [mV]
Plastic scintillator, 25 × 25 × 5 mm3
400
350
Sr-90
Tl-204
Cs-137
300
Co-60
Na-22
Co-57
Variable optical filters in front of
PMT for large dynamic range
250
Gd-153
200
150
100
Readout on oscilloscope
50
Calibration of pulse heights with γ
and β sources
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
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900
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
U [V]
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
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Particle detectors for PLA
TOF detector:
Pulse height measurements
Up [mV]
Plastic scintillator, 25 × 25 × 5 mm3
Coupling to PMT via optical fibres
400
350
Sr-90
Tl-204
Cs-137
300
Co-60
Na-22
Co-57
250
Variable optical filters in front of
PMT for large dynamic range
Gd-153
200
150
100
Readout on oscilloscope
50
Proton detection demonstrated from
0.46 MeV (CNA Sevilla)
0
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
U [V]
Proton pulse heights
Up [mV]
Calibration of pulse heights with γ
and β sources
180
160
1 proton
2 protons
140
γ / β sources
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
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2
3
4
5
6
Ep [MeV]
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
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Particle detectors for PLA
TOF detector:
Plastic scintillator, 25 × 25 × 5 mm3
Coupling to PMT via optical fibres
Variable optical filters in front of
PMT for large dynamic range
Readout on oscilloscope
Calibration of pulse heights with γ
and β sources
Many-particle detection (µs long
pulses) with electron accelerator
Signal height [mV]
Proton detection demonstrated from
0.46 MeV (CNA Sevilla)
Pulse height with OD1 filter
50
0
-50
-100
-150
0.0 mm
1.6 mm
-200
3.1 mm
4.7 mm
-250
6.2 mm
25.0 mm
-300
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
Time [ns]
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
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Particle detectors for PLA
TOF detector:
Plastic scintillator, 25 × 25 × 5 mm3
Coupling to PMT via optical fibres
Variable optical filters in front of
PMT for large dynamic range
Readout on oscilloscope
Calibration of pulse heights with γ
and β sources
Many-particle detection (µs long
pulses) with electron accelerator
Signal height [mV]
Proton detection demonstrated from
0.46 MeV (CNA Sevilla)
Pulse height with OD1 filter
50
0
-50
-100
-150
0.0 mm
1.6 mm
-200
3.1 mm
4.7 mm
Aim: Measurement of proton flight
time ⇒ 1.5 m path length.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
-250
6.2 mm
25.0 mm
-300
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
Time [ns]
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
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Laser targets for PLA
Start with thin foil targets (Al, metal-hydrocarbon). Basic needs:
Hold and tighten foil ⇒ small knobs
Allow for various laser shots ⇒ array of targets
Adjust target position in (x, z) ⇒ motor controlled cart.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
14 / 16
Laser targets for PLA
Obviously, this design has strong limitations:
Not suitable for high pulse rates.
Sufficient proton energies to be demonstrated.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
15 / 16
Laser targets for PLA
Obviously, this design has strong limitations:
Not suitable for high pulse rates.
Sufficient proton energies to be demonstrated.
Possible improvements:
Foil in constant motion (rotating disk, spool).
Droplet target (B. Ramakrishna et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 083113 (2010)).
Gas targets: proton numbers too low.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
15 / 16
Summary and outlook
New laser-plasma collaboration in Spain.
Experiments at CLPU facilities (20/200 TW) to start in 2013.
Short-term objective: Demonstrate p acceleration. Simple target
design, versatile detectors.
Mid-term objectives: High proton flux up to 12 MeV; “heavy” ions.
Optimise target design.
Laser with high repetition rate.
Particle detectors with good energy/mass resolution (e.g., Thomson
parabola) and DAQ.
M. Seimetz and P. Bellido
Ion acceleration at Salamanca
MAP Targetry Workshop 2013
16 / 16