Sophia Ashiqueali Mr. Tavernia AP World History/Period 3 Packet: E [Political]: (Devshirme) Devshirme was a system in which Christian boys were taken for service of the Ottoman empire. The system was created in the 1300s in response to the growing Turkish nobility, although the concept went against Islamic law. Devshirme was a tax of boys from ages 8 to 18 collected by Ottoman military officers. Devshirme were collected every four of five years and were only collected from families of non­muslims. These boys would be taken from Balkan provinces and Anatolia to be converted to Islam and they would take a series of examinations to test their capabilities. In special schools they would be taught math, calligraphy, weaponry, Persian, and Arabic. These schools provided the finest and the best education. Boys were also given the responsibility to look after the Sultan’s items in the palace as part of their training. After their training, these boys would be selected and promoted for jobs such as guards, scribes, or governors depending on their merit. Most boys took up the role of janissaries in the empire. Specialized trained agents called scouts were given the role to spot out the most capable boys for the highest leadership positions. Some families voluntarily gave up their sons to this system because of the opportunities that it provided. One of the factors of the decline of the system was the inclusion of free Muslims in the system. Mikhal Ben-Joseph
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 3
Paket: E
Political: The Three Unifiers of Japan
During the Sengoku period of Japanese history, violent fighting and civil wars were
commonplace. However, three leaders, later given the title “Three Unifiers of Japan”, were
responsible for ending the chaos. The first unifier was named Oda Nobunaga, and he was known
as a feisty and powerful leader who instilled fear into the hearts of his subjects. He unified
central Japan, including the area surrounding the important Kyoto. Hideyoshi Toyotomi was the
second unifier, and the son-in-law of Oda Nobunaga. He is known for invading the korean
peninsula in an effort to reach China. The third and final unifier was named Tokugawa Leyasu,
the brother-in-law and ally of Hideyoshi Toyotomi. This man was known to be the most peaceful
of the unifiers and was responsible for creating the Tokugawa Shogunate, the last of the three
shogunates of japan. He was the first Shogun of the
Tokugawa, which ruled until the Meiji restoration in the
1800s. Although they each had different personalities,
these three unifiers were significant because they
brought together the warring states of Japan for a period
of extended peace and stability that was uncommon in japanese history. The Tokugawa
Shogunate also moved the capital from Kyoto to Edo, which is present day Tokyo.
Vincent Brando
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/Period 3
Packet: E
[​State-Building, Expansion, and
​ Conflict]: (​Treaty of Tordesillas
​
)
During this era of history, exploration and colonization were key to success for any rising
power, and when Spain’s own Christopher Columbus discovered North America and the New
World, the country’s rulers’ Ferdinand and Isabella, wanted to ensure that they were to only ones
who could colonize that territory. To do so, they got support from the Pope to inhibit any other
major powers like Portugal from claiming territory in the Western Hemisphere. Spanish Pope,
Alexander IV, planned to draw demarcation lines from each pole about three hundred miles west
of the Cape Verde Islands, touching the Eastern
tip of South America. Spain was to be given
rights to all discovered and undiscovered land
West of the line, whereas Portuguese and any
other nation’s expeditions were to be kept East of
the line. No European power accepted these terms
and John II of Portugal was displeased with the
treaty for obvious reasons. The line was moved
one thousand miles West before being sanctioned
entirely in 1506. Brazil finally ended up obtaining
the land that would now become Brazil.
Gabi Coutinho
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period III
Packet E
Political: Peter the Great
Peter the Great was a Romanov and Russian absolutist Tsar that encouraged and
incorporated Western culture and technology even more, reforming political, economic, military,
and social structures. Initially having the title of Tsar, he adopted the European title of Emperor.
As a child, he witnessed a violent uprising that made his half-sister Sophia govern as
regent for him and sick half-brother Ivan V. When he was sixteen years old, he became the sole
ruler after sending Sophia to a monastery and removing Ivan V from power. He went to Europe
in disguise to learn the strategies that made it so prosperous and powerful in order to reform his
own empire. No other Russian monarch had ever been educated abroad. In the Great Northern
War, he seized control over the Baltic Sea from Sweden, increasing Russia’s contact with Europe
and visibility as a great power. He formed a real trained army, enacted military reforms, used
guards even in civil institutions, and replaced fragmented central state “prikazy” departments
with “kollegy” regulated boards. His new capital Saint Petersburg adopted French baroque style,
and he promoted women’s rights and education of noble children. As an absolutist ruler, he
decreased the power of Russian nobility (boyars), controlled the church, imposed high taxes, and
increased forced labor. He also created the Table of Ranks, which replaced the
boyars in the state services with merit-based promotions that enabled competent,
hard-working officials from lower ranks to ascend.
Abraham Garcia
AP World History
Hour 3
Political: French and Indian War
The French and Indian
War, the colonial name for the
Seven Year’s War, was fought
during 1756-1763. The French
and Indian war was fought
between France and England in
North America. The initial
tension for the war was caused
by French expansion into the Ohio River Valley, land that was claimed by England, but this
tension was representative of the struggle between the two nations to gain dominion of the North
American interior.
During the beginning of the war, France, along with it’s native American allies, was able
to hold the upper hand against the British. The tide of the war changed when William Pitt
became the new British war leader. William Pitt redirected English efforts towards helping the
colonies and under his new leadership, gave the British troops the means necessary to achieve
major victories such as those at Quebec and Montreal.
The French and Indian War resulted in Britain’s acquisition of Canada and Florida from
France and Spain.
Luis Garcia
Mr. Tavernia
Period 3
Packet: C
Political: Saint Domingue
Saint Domingue, currently known as the independent state of Haiti, was a French colony
on the island of Hispaniola in the global period. Hispaniola, which now is split between Haiti and
the Dominican Republic, is a Caribbean island that was part of the New World. Saint Domingue
was dominated by widespread and intensified slave labor. Approximately 40% of the world’s
sugar supply and 50% of the coffee of the Indies was provided by Saint Domingue export.
Theme 3: John Locke
John Locke was an English
philosopher and political
theorise during the Global
Period. He laid much of the
groundwork for the
enlightenment and made
several important
contributions to the
development of liberalism. Locke was trained in medicine, and he also ​was a key advocate of the
empirical approaches of the Scientific Revolution.​ One of his most famous theories is that one’s
self is a blank page, with knowledge and identity only arising from accumulated experience. His
political theory of government by
the consent of the governed in order
to protect “life, liberty, and estate”
strongly influenced the creation of
the Constitution of the United
States of America.
Rishab Jain
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/P.3
Packet E
[Political]: Viceroys/Viceroyalties
Viceroy is a regal official who runs a province of a country. Viceroyalties were the
individual provinces that each viceroy oversaw. This system of government was first
implemented by the spanish empire of aragon. The main family to use this system of governance
was the Habsburg which made it a very decentralized government. The Spanish also used this
system in the colonies that they had in the Americas which made it easier to control the peace
and stability of the colonies. India also had viceroys which was used by Britain to maintain peace
when India was a colony. Viceroy were a very good system to maintain peace and sort of what
the United States currently has with the Senators and House of Representatives that all of regions
to oversee and pass laws that are need their. Viceroyalties were normally appointed by the king
of the main ruler of the country and this sometimes was a problem when new kings were put into
power. Viceroys/Viceroyalties was a system of government in which viceroys were officials
appointed to maintain peace in viceroyalties or these provinces.
Leah Kapela
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/ Period 3
Packet E
Political: Samurai
Samurai were the military nobility of Medieval Japan. The samurai were trained
in military tactics and general strategy. Often, they accompanied the nobility of the
Japanese population and offered protection for them. The samurai were seen as a
separate class of the population since they had their own code and honor to follow. For
example, if a samurai does not follow the code and breaks his honor, he may be
ordered to commit seppuku, or ritualistic suicide.
Samurai were in high demand in the Warring States era because of constant
battles between the independent states that made up Japan. The nobility would create
their own personal armies made up of these samurai. In the 1500s, Japan was reunited
and during this period, the samurai had one of the highest caste. They were employed
by feudal lords and were the only ones permitted to carrying around
swords.
A period of peace, after Japan’s reunion, made the samurai
less needed. Many samurai became bureaucrats or teachers. The
end of feudal Japan, however, ended the samurai caste and most of
the samurai all together.
Abhitya Krishnaraj
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 3
Packet E
Political: Samurai
Samurai were the ​military​ ​nobility​ and ​officer​ ​caste​ of ​medieval​ and ​early-modern
Japan​. In Japanese, they are usually referred to as bushi. In Chinese, the character 侍
was originally a verb meaning "to wait upon" or "accompany persons" in the upper ranks
of society, and this is also true of the original
term in Japanese, ​saburau​. In both countries
the terms were nominalized to mean "those
who serve in close attendance to the
nobility", the pronunciation in Japanese
changing to ​saburai​. According to Wilson, an
early reference to the word "samurai"
appears in the ​Kokin Wakashū​ (905–914),
the first imperial anthology of poems,
completed in the first part of the 10th century.
By the end of the 12th century, samurai
became almost entirely synonymous with
bushi, and the word was closely associated
with the middle and upper echelons of the
warrior class. The samurai were usually
associated with a ​clan​ and their ​lord​, were
trained as officers in ​military tactics​ and
grand strategy​. While the samurai numbered
less than 10% of then Japan's population, their teachings can still be found today in
both everyday life and in modern ​Japanese martial arts​.
Sam Marx
Mr. Tavernia
Ap World Period 3
Packet E
Political- Peter the Great
Born in Moscow, Russia on June 9, 1672, Peter the Great was a Russian czar in
the late 17th century who is best known for his extensive reforms in an attempt to
establish Russia as a great nation. He created a strong navy, reorganized his army
according to Western standards, secularized schools, administered greater control over
the reactionary Orthodox Church, and introduced new administrative and territorial
divisions of the country.
He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the
Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. Peter
overcame opposition from the country's medieval aristocracy and initiated a series of
changes that affected all areas of Russian life. He created a strong navy, reorganized
his army according to Western standards, secularized schools, administered greater
control over the reactionary Orthodox Church, and introduced new administrative and
territorial divisions of the country. ​Under Peter's rule, Russia became a great European
nation.
Jacob Mass
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/Period 3
Packet E
Political: Arawak Peoples
The Arawak people are a group
native to the Greater Antilles and South
America. It was the Taino, a subgroup of
the Arawak, who first interacted with
Christopher Columbus when he reached
the New World. The Arawak were a calm
and cultured group. The Taino society was based around agriculture; they participated in
slash-and-burn agriculture. This group also had a hierarchy in place, around which their
religion was built. Meanwhile, however, the South American Arawak
peoples continued to hunt and gather in addition to their minimal
agriculture. The Arawak peoples spoke their own language, known as
Arawak. This
language easily
died, however, as it was only
used by adults. The Arawak
people, specifically from
Hispanola were the Old World’s first impression on the people from the Western
Hemisphere. Religious belief of the Arawaks includes outside spirits and ancestors. Isabel Mitre Mr. Tavernia AP World History/Period 3 Packet E Political: Empires The H
ausa city s
tates resides i n w
hat i s now n orthern Nigeria. T
hey were i ndependent political e
ntities from 1 000, w
hen the f
irst t wo states, G
obir a
nd Rano, e
merged. These c
ity s
tates became c
enters for l ong d
istance trade a
cross t he T
rans-Saharan trade r
oute. By t he 1 500s K
ano h ad become t he l argest a
nd m
ost prosperous o
f t he c
ity s
tates. I t was a
lso b
ecome t he l eading center f
or I slamic c
ulture i n t he region. A
lthough K
ano a
nd t he other c
ity s
tates t ried t o c
onquer each o
ther, n one o
f t hem h as t he military o
r e
conomic c
apacity t o d
ominate t he r
egion. They w
ere e
ventually c
onquered b
y t he S
ultanate o
f S
okoto between 1 804-1815. Emily Moon
Period 3
Mr. Tavernia
Political: Samurai
Samurai, which literally translates to “those who serve”, were the military nobility
of Japan. Samurai followed a master and a very particular code of honor, called Bushido.
They were to follow this code of honor and also uphold the desires of their masters. As
they were very strict about honor and procedure, when a samurai’s master died, the
samurai were supposed to kill themselves in ritual seppuku, which was disembowelment.
If they did not follow any of the other moral or traditional rules, they were to do the same
as they were thought of to have dishonored their masters.
Ephraim Oyetunji
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/ Period 3
Packet: E
Political: Hernan Cortes
Hernan Cortes was a Spanish conquistador famous for the conquering of the powerful
Aztec Empire of the Americas. With this victory, Spain claimed much of present-day Mexico.
He paved the way for future conquistadors to come to the Americas. His overall strategy for
conquest utilized horses, guns, and a massive army. Disease amongst the natives also played a
role in his victories. He often partnered with natives who were enemies of the Aztec to win and
strategize against them.
Emily Pallack
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 3
Packet E
Political:Tulip Period
Lasting from 1718 to 1730, the Tulip Era was a transitory period in the Ottoman Empire
that was marked by cultural innovation and new forms of elite consumption and sociability. It is
also remembered for the extravagance of the imperial court and the emergence of a
Western-inspired, elite pleasure culture. The period gets its name from court society's passion
for tulips, which were especially prized as a cultivar and artistic motif. Grandees imported tulip
bulbs at great expense, experimented with hybridization, and, planting them by the thousand,
celebrated their blooms in candlelit "tulip illuminations" in gardens throughout Istanbul. In both
domestic and foreign affairs, the sultan followed the lead of his grand vizier. Since the empire's
disastrous defeats at the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottomans had been obliged to
recognize the importance of diplomacy. Under Ibrahim's leadership, the regime pursued a policy
of peace on the western front. Diplomatic relations with Europe were expanded, and European
delegations in Istanbul were allowed to circulate more freely in Ottoman society. It was France,
however, that the regime regarded as a kindred state and looked to as a model during this
period. Among the wealthy, and to some extent in society at large, there was experimentation
with European entertainment styles and clothing
fashions. The changes that Ottoman women
introduced into their outdoor attire seemed minor to
outsiders, but they provoked criticism in conservative
circles, including the established guilds.
Austin Park
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History
4 February 2017
Theme 3: Qing Empire
The Qing Empire, also known as the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial
dynasty of China. It was from 1644 to 1912. This multi-cultural empire formed the
territorial base for the modern Chinese state and it lasted for almost three centuries. The
Qing Empire was formed by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen. During
the period of the Qing Empire, the population grew from one-hundred fifty million to
four-hundred million people. Also, an integrated national economy was established and
the non-Chinese minorities were made Chinese. The Manchus wanted to make sure they
had authority over the administration by making sure half of the high level officials were
Manchus. All of the wars that the Qing Empire faced all ended up in defeats and had to
make concessions to the foreign powers.
Matthew Robbins
Tavernia
AP World History – Period 3
February 6, 2017
Political - Magna Carta
The Magna Carta, also known as the Great Charter, was a charter of liberties signed by
King John of England in 1215, placing himself and all future sovereigns of England within a rule
of law. After years of unsuccessful foreign policies and heavy taxation demands, several of
England's powerful barons threatened a rebellion against King John unless he agreed to sign the
Magna Carta. Made up of 63 clauses written in Latin, the Magna Carta was effectively the first
written constitution in European history. While it did provide freedoms and benefits to the
English elite classes, it failed to offer the common citizen any voice in the government.
Regardless, the Magna Carta would become a symbol of freedom for future English generations,
as well as a precedent on which the Founding Fathers of the USA asserted their liberty from the
English crown.
Chey Sirota
Period 3
2/6/17
Packet: E
Theme 3: State Building, Expansion, and Conflict
With the advancement of technologies, empires were able to expand their
regions, conquering new territories as they explored. Amongst these expanding
empires were the sea empires of France, Portugal, England, and the Netherlands.
Three new Muslim territories also formed, the ottoman, the safavid and the mughal
empires. This time period saw the proliferation of the Ming empire and the creation
of the Qing dynasty as well.
The sea conquering empires gained their new territories by exploring the seas
in search of new lands. Portugal, England, France, and Spain conquered vast amount
of territories in the new world.
On the opposite side of the globe, the ming china were concerned with
presenting their dominance and wealth as a nation by setting sail fleets of ships under
Zheng he to show off China’s superiority. A group of people known as the Manchus
would rise up and bring down
the ming
dynasty in this time period,
forming
the last dynasty of China, the
qing
dynasty.
Coco Zheng
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History pd. 3
Packet E
Cossack
Cossacks are a free military community in
Russia. They accepted anyone into their
community as long as they believe in Christ.
At certain times, Cossacks worked as
border guards for Tzars, but they started
revolutions as soon as they sensed that the Tzar
Today, Cossacks are an official ethnic group.
Being a military community, Cossack boys are
trained from a very early age in military skills.
Throughout the years, the government has tried
was abusing power.
During World War II, some Cossacks fought
for Nazi Germany because they intended to fight
against Joseph Stalin for killing the Tzar of
to capture them and force them work to for the
Tsar, but their numbers grew to be too great.
Russia. Others fought for the Soviet Union.