AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION
Sherwood High School Summer Assignment
2013
You will read three selections:
•
•
Then:
“Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell
Two articles/essays of your choice from longform.org. This website scours reputable
publications for interesting articles on any number of subjects. You may choose
articles/essays posted recently or archived. (Find something that interests you—we
enjoyed the Best of 2012 articles)
1. Print or photocopy each essay in its entirety.
2. Annotate each essay for rhetorical devices, labeling examples of devices such as simile,
metaphor, personification, imagery, notable tones, strong/evocative diction, hyperbole, allusion,
symbolism, ethos, pathos, logos, etc. While your annotations may also include questions or
comments, the majority of your notes should be about identifying devices. Your final annotations
should be EXTENSIVE. Do not merely highlight. You will be graded on the quality and quantity of
your annotation. A guideline for how to annotate is attached—please use it to ensure that the
quality and quantity of your annotations is on par with our expectations.
3. Write an essay analyzing ONE significant message George Orwell wishes to convey to his
readers. Do not just tell what the message is, but analyze how Orwell gets that message across in
his essay. To do this, identify TWO of the most effective literary devices and/or rhetorical strategies
used by Orwell to convey his message. Be careful not to merely identify the devices or summarize
the quotes. You must clearly explain HOW the devices are used to convey a message.
YOUR ESSAY MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS:
* an interesting title
* an introduction with an interesting opener, lead into the author and title, brief plot summary (2-3
sentences) and lead into the thesis statement (ONE message the author hopes to convey)
* TWO body paragraphs, with each one focusing on one device. A limit of TWO body paragraphs is a
requirement, not a suggestion. These paragraphs should include transitions, topic sentences,
specific details from the essay, excellent support with your voice and insight (explaining how and
why the examples support your thesis), and at least 2 direct quotes per paragraph (minimum of
four quotes total in paper) with correct MLA parenthetical documentation. Treat each page of
the printout as a separate page, beginning with page 1. So, if you use a quote from the second page
of the printout, you will cite it as:
“This is the quote” (2).
* a solid conclusion which reiterates the thesis but goes beyond a simple summary of what you said
and ends in a strong, interesting way
ANALYZE, DON’T SUMMARIZE! Each explanation should make it clear how the author uses
that device to help convey his/her message. In other words, avoid simple plot summary in
the body paragraphs.
YOU WILL ALSO BE GRADED ON:
* proper grammar and spelling
* third person (no forms of I, we, you)
* no contractions unless in quotes
* no quotes as their own sentences
* active voice and strong verbs (few “be” verbs - am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been)
* proper MLA format for the entire paper
* 2 to 3 pages (max.) typed, double spaced using 12 point font, Times New Roman
To reiterate, your summer reading assignment is to read three essays, annotate three essays, and
compose a 2-3 page essay on “Shooting an Elephant.”
THE PAPER AND ANNOTATIONS MUST BE COMPLETELY YOURS AND YOURS ALONE. DO NOT,
WE REPEAT, DO NOT USE ANY RESOURCES, OTHER THAN THE ESSAYS THEMSELVES, TO HELP
YOU (i.e. NO INTERNET RESOURCES OR CLIFF NOTES TO GIVE YOU IDEAS). WE WANT TO
KNOW WHAT YOU OBSERVED WHILE READING THE ESSAYS, NOT WHAT SOMEONE ELSE
NOTED. THAT WILL BE CONSIDERED PLAGIARISM AND WILL RESULT IN A ZERO FOR THE
ASSIGNMENT. THE PAPER, ALONG WITH THE READINGS AND ANNOTATIONS, IS DUE ON THE
SECOND DAY OF SCHOOL, TUESDAY AUGUST 27. THE PAPER AND ANNOTATIONS WILL BE
GIVEN TO YOUR AP TEACHER. THE PAPER AND ANNOTATIONS WILL BE ACCEPTED ONE DAY
LATE, ON WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28, FOR A 10% LATE PENALTY, BUT WILL NOT BE
ACCEPTED AFTER THAT DATE. IT IS AN EXPECTATION THAT AP STUDENTS DO NOT TURN IN
LATE WORK.
**** IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, FEEL FREE TO SEE DR. JACKSON IN ROOM J272, MRS.
GREEN IN J272, MS. EVANS IN K166 OR MS. DIBLER IN E253.****
GOOD LUCK AND HAVE A GREAT SUMMER!
You can use a print version of “Shooting an Elephant” that you buy or borrow (you would then annotate a
photocopy and use those page numbers), or you can go online to one of the websites below.
“Shooting an Elephant”
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/Resources/essays/elephant.html
http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/887/
The longform.org articles can be found at http://longform.org/
A note to students and parents: The county requires students to complete a reading assignment for the summer in English classes. This
assignment, however, should not comprise a student’s entire reading program for the summer. Reading is both an enriching personal
experience and an important skill for successful professional life. We encourage students to read that which interests them. If you would
like some suggestions, we recommend the following resources. As always we recommend parents review students’ choices for
appropriateness.
http://www.neh.gov/projects/summertimefavorites.html
http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/100bestnonfiction.html
A Reader’s Guide to Annotation
Marking and highlighting a text is like having a conversation with a book – it allows you to ask
questions, comment on meaning, and mark events and passages you want to revisit. Annotating is
a permanent record of your intellectual conversation with the text.
Laying the foundation: A Resource and Planning Guide for Pre-AP English
As you work with your text, think about all the ways that you can connect with what you are
reading. What follows are some suggestions that will help with annotating.
~Plan on reading most passages, if not everything, twice. The first time, read for overall
meaning and impressions. The second time, read more carefully. Mark ideas, new vocabulary, etc.
~Begin to annotate. Use a pen, pencil, post-it notes, or a highlighter (although use it sparingly!).
*Summarize important ideas in your own words.
*Add examples from real life, other books, TV, movies, and so forth.
*Define words that are new to you.
*Mark passages that you find confusing with a ???
*Write questions that you might have for later discussion in class.
*Comment on the actions or development of characters.
*Comment on things that intrigue, impress, surprise, disturb, etc.
*Note how the author uses language. A list of possible literary devices is attached.
*Feel free to draw a picture when a visual connection is appropriate
*Explain the historical context or traditions/social customs used in the passage.
~Suggested methods for marking a text:
*If you are a person who does not like to write in a book, you may want to invest in a
supply of post it notes.
*If you feel really creative, or are just super organized, you can even color code your
annotations by using different color post-its, highlighters, or pens.
*Brackets: If several lines seem important, just draw a line down the margin and
underline/highlight only the key phrases.
*Asterisks: Place an asterisk next to an important passage; use two if it is really
important.
*Marginal Notes: Use the space in the margins to make comments, define words, ask
questions, etc.
*Underline/highlight: Caution! Do not underline or highlight too much! You want to
concentrate on the important elements, not entire pages (use brackets for that).
*Use circles, boxes, triangles, squiggly lines, stars, etc.
~Literary Term Definitions:
*Alliteration – the practice of beginning several consecutive or neighboring words with the
same sound: e.g., “The twisting trout twinkled below.”
* Allusion – a reference to a mythological, literary, or historical person, place, or thing:
e.g., “He met his Waterloo.”
* Flashback – a scene that interrupts the action of a work to show a previous event.
*Foreshadowing – the use of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest future action
*Hyperbole – a deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration; it may be used
for either serious or comic effect: e.g., “The shot heard ‘round the world.”
*Idiom – an accepted phrase or expression having a meaning different from the literal:
e.g., to drive someone up the wall.
*Imagery – the words or phrases a writer uses that appeal to the senses.
*Irony – there are three types;
-verbal irony – when a speaker or narrator says one thing while meaning the
opposite; sarcasm is a form of verbal irony: e.g., “It is easy to stop smoking. I’ve
done it many times.”
-situational irony -- when a situation turns out differently from what one would
normally expect; often the twist is oddly appropriate: e.g., a deep sea diver
drowning in a bathtub is ironic.
-dramatic irony – when a character or speaker says or does something that has a
different meaning from what he or she thinks it means, though the audience and
other characters understand the full implications: e.g., Anne Frank looks forward to
growing up, but we, as readers, know that it will never be.
*Metaphor – a comparison of two unlike things not using “like” or “as”: e.g., “Time is
money.”
*Mood – the atmosphere or predominant emotion in a literary work.
*Oxymoron – a form of paradox that combines a pair of opposite terms into a single
unusual expression: e.g., “sweet sorrow” or “cold fire.”
*Paradox – occurs when the elements of a statement contradict each other. Although the
statement may appear illogical, impossible, or absurd, it turns out to have a
coherent meaning that reveals a hidden truth: e.g., “Much madness is divinest
sense.”
*Personification – a kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human
characteristics: e.g., “The wind cried in the dark.”
*Rhetoric – the art of using words to persuade in writing or speaking.
*Simile – a comparison of two different things or ideas using words such as “like” or “as”:
e.g., “The warrior fought like a lion.”
*Suspense – a quality that makes the reader or audience uncertain or tense about the
outcome of events.
*Symbol – any object, person, place, or action that has both a meaning in itself and that
stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, attitude, belief, or value:
e.g., a tortoise represents slow but steady progress.
*Theme – the central message of a literary work. It is expressed as a sentence or general
statement about life or human nature. A literary work can have more than one
theme, and most themes are not directly stated but are implied: e.g., pride often
precedes a fall.
*Tone – the writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward a subject, character, or audience; it is
conveyed through the author’s choice of words (diction) and details. Tone can be
serious, humorous, sarcastic, indignant, etc.
*Understatement (meiosis, litotes) – the opposite of hyperbole. It is a kind of irony that
deliberately represents something as being much less than it really is: e.g., “I could
probably manage to survive on a salary of two million dollars per year.”
Definitions from: Laying the Foundation: A resource and Planning Guide for Pre-AP English