Waldegrave School
GCSE Algebra Review
QUESTIONS
CONTENTS
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Removing brackets
Linear equations
Simultaneous equations
Factors
Change the subject of the formula
Solving quadratic equations
Indices
Completing the Square
page
2
3
5
6
8
9
10
11
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Waldegrave School
Section 1: REMOVING BRACKETS
EXERCISE A
Multiply out the following brackets and simplify.
1. 7(4x + 5)
2. -3(5x - 7)
3. 5a – 4(3a - 1)
4. 4y + y(2 + 3y)
5. -3x – (x + 4)
6. 5(2x - 1) – (3x - 4)
7. (x + 2)(x + 3)
8. (t - 5)(t - 2)
9. (2x + 3y)(3x – 4y)
10. 4(x - 2)(x + 3)
11. (2y - 1)(2y + 1)
12. (3 + 5x)(4 – x)
Two Special Cases
Perfect Square:
(x + a)2 = (x + a)(x + a) = x2 + 2ax + a2
(2x - 3)2 = (2x – 3)(2x – 3) = 4x2 – 12x + 9
EXERCISE B
Difference of two squares:
(x - a)(x + a) = x2 – a2
(x - 3)(x + 3) = x2 – 32
= x2 – 9
Multiply out
1.
(x - 1)2
2.
(3x + 5)2
3.
(7x - 2)2
4.
(x + 2)(x - 2)
5.
(3x + 1)(3x - 1)
6.
(5y - 3)(5y + 3)
2
Waldegrave School
Section 2: LINEAR EQUATIONS
Exercise A: Solve the following equations, showing each step in your working:
1)
2x + 5 = 19
2) 5x – 2 = 13
3) 11 – 4x = 5
4)
5 – 7x = -9
5) 11 + 3x = 8 – 2x
6) 7x + 2 = 4x – 5
Exercise B: Solve the following equations.
1)
5(2x – 4) = 4
2)
4(2 – x) = 3(x – 9)
3)
8 – (x + 3) = 4
4)
14 – 3(2x + 3) = 2
EQUATIONS CONTAINING FRACTIONS
Exercise C: Solve these equations
1)
1
( x  3)  5
2
2)
2x
x
1   4
3
3
3)
y
y
3 5
4
3
4)
x2
3 x
 2
7
14
5)
7x 1
 13  x
2
6)
y 1 y 1 2y  5


2
3
6
7)
2x 
8)
2
x  1 5x  3

2
3
5 10

1
x x
3
Waldegrave School
FORMING EQUATIONS
Exercise D:
1)
Find 3 consecutive even numbers so that their sum is 108.
2)
The perimeter of a rectangle is 79 cm. One side is three times the length of the other. Form
an equation and hence find the length of each side.
3)
Two girls have 72 photographs of celebrities between them. One gives 11 to the other and
finds that she now has half the number her friend has.
Form an equation, letting n be the number of photographs one girl had at the beginning.
Hence find how many each has now.
4
Waldegrave School
Section 3: SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
Exercise:
Solve the pairs of simultaneous equations in the following questions:
1)
x + 2y = 7
3x + 2y = 9
2)
x + 3y = 0
3x + 2y = -7
3)
3x – 2y = 4
2x + 3y = -6
4)
9x – 2y = 25
4x – 5y = 7
5)
4a + 3b = 22
5a – 4b = 43
6)
3p + 3q = 15
2p + 5q = 14
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Waldegrave School
Section 4: FACTORISING
Exercise A
Factorise each of the following
1)
3x + xy
2)
4x2 – 2xy
3)
pq2 – p2q
4)
3pq - 9q2
5)
2x3 – 6x2
6)
8a5b2 – 12a3b4
7)
5y(y – 1) + 3(y – 1)
Factorising quadratics
Exercise B
Factorise
1)
x2  x  6
2)
x2  6 x  16
3)
2 x2  5x  2
4)
2 x 2  3x
5)
3x 2  5 x  2
6)
2 y 2  17 y  21
7)
7 y 2  10 y  3
8)
10 x2  5x  30
9)
4 x 2  25
(factorise by taking out a common factor)
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Waldegrave School
Factorising quadratics
Exercise B (continued)
10)
x2  3x  xy  3 y 2
11)
4 x2  12 x  8
12)
16m2  81n2
13)
4 y3  9a 2 y
14)
8( x  1)2  2( x  1)  10
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Waldegrave School
Section 5: CHANGING THE SUBJECT OF A FORMULA
Exercise A
Make x the subject of each of these formulae:
1)
y = 7x – 1
3)
4y 
x
2
3
2)
y
x5
4
4)
y
4(3x  5)
9
Rearranging equations involving squares and square roots
Exercise B:
Make t the subject of each of the following
wt
32r
1)
P
3)
1
V   t2h
3
5)
Pa 
w(v  t )
g
2)
P
wt 2
32r
4)
P
2t
g
6)
r  a  bt 2
More difficult examples
Exercise C
Make x the subject of these formulae:
1)
ax  3  bx  c
2)
3( x  a)  k ( x  2)
3)
y
2x  3
5x  2
4)
x
x
 1
a
b
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Waldegrave School
Section 6: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
EXERCISE
1) Use factorisation to solve the following equations:
a)
x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
b)
c)
x2 = 15 – 2x
2) Find the roots of the following equations:
a)
x2 + 3x = 0
c)
x2 – 3x – 4 = 0
b)
x2 – 4x = 0
4 – x2 = 0
3) Solve the following equations either by factorising or by using the formula:
a)
6x2 - 5x – 4 = 0
b)
8x2 – 24x + 10 = 0
4) Use the formula to solve the following equations to 3 significant figures. Some of the equations
can’t be solved.
a)
x2 +7x +9 = 0
b)
6 + 3x = 8x2
c)
4x2 – x – 7 = 0
d)
x2 – 3x + 18 = 0
e)
3x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
f)
3x2 = 13x – 16
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Waldegrave School
Section 7: INDICES
Exercise A
Simplify the following:
1)
b  5b5 =
2)
3c 2  2c5 =
3)
b2 c  bc3 =
4)
2n6  (6n2 ) =
5)
8n8  2n3 =
6)
d 11  d 9 =
7)
a 
8)
 d 
3 2
(Remember that b  b1 )
=
4 3
=
More complex powers
Exercise B:
Find the value of:
1)
41/ 2
2)
271/ 3
3)
 9
1/ 2
1
2
4)
5
5)
180
6)
7 1
7)
272 / 3
8)
2
 
3
9)
82 / 3
10)
 0.04 
11)
 8 
 
 27 
12)
 1
 
 16 
1/ 2
2/3
3 / 2
Simplify each of the following:
13)
2a1/ 2  3a5 / 2
14)
x3  x 2
15)
x y 
2
2
4 1/ 2
10
Waldegrave School
Section 8: COMPLETING THE SQUARE
Exercise A:
Complete the square for the expressions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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