Class
Name
1-3
_
Date
_
What are the states of matter?
Lesson Review
Decide which phase of matter each statement describes. Write solid, liquid, gas,
or plasma in the space provided.
1. It has a definite shape and volume.
2. It has no definite shape or volume.
3. Its particles are tightly packed together.
4. It has a definite volume but no definite shape.
5. It is rare on Earth but plentiful in other parts of the universe.
6. Its particles can move freely to all parts of a container.
7. Its particles can change position by sliding past each other.
8. The only movement of its particles is vibration.
9. It is found at very high temperatures and pressures.
10. A container of this substance is always completely full.
Skill Challenge
Skills: observing, organizing,
classifying
Look around your classroom. List 10 substances that you can see or feel.
Classify each substance as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Organize your information
in a table.
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science. Teacher's Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education. Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rightS reserved.
Properties of Matter: CHAPTER 1. page 5
/D
Label which is a solid, liquid or gas.
1.,
_
2.,
_
II
Name
Class
_
_
Date
What are the states of matter?
Enrichment Activity for Lesson 1-3
Skills: interpreting a diagram, comparing
The diagram below shows the states of matter and the state changes of water.
Refer to the diagram as you answer the questions.
Water,
a liquid
Ice,
a solid
--
.... - .....
,
__ --'-'~_--"-'---_--,>
.:
increasing
\(y
Ice
molecules
l.
Water
molecules
Water vapor
molecules
How many states of matter are shown in the diagram? What are these states?
_
2. How many different state changes are shown? Name these changes.
3. According to the diagram, which state changes require an increase in heat energy?
4. Which state changes require a decrease in heat energy?
_
S. What does the diagram tell you about the particles of a solid?
6. How do the particles of a liquid differ from those of a solid?
_
7. Describe the particles of a gas. Compare them to the particles of a solid and of a liquid.
8. Based on the diagram, what happens to the particles of a substance as heat energy increases? As
heat energy decreases?
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher's Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education, Inc.lGlobe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
_
Properties of Maller; CHAPTER 1, page 6
Particle People Activity Questions
1. Based on our activity, complete the following table by answering yes or no in each
box.
,
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
r---
Solid
Liquid
Gas
2. In a solid, how are the particles arranged?
_
3. In a solid, do particles move? If yes, describe how.
_
4. In a liquid, how are the particles arranged?
_
5. In a liquid, do particles move? If yes, describe how.
_
6. In a gas, how are the particles arranged?
_
7. In a gas, do particles move? If yes, describe how.
_
1-4
How does matter change state?
objectiveIdentify ways in which matter can change from
one state to another.
KeyTUUU
When the temperature rises above the freezing
point of water, ice changes to a liquid. A change
from solid to liquid is called melting. Melting
occurs when a solid gains enough heat to change
into a liquid.
~
EXPLAIN: What causes a liquid to freeze?
freezing: change from a liquid to a solid
melting: change from a solid to a liquid
evaporation
(ee-vap-uh-RAY-shuhn): change
from a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid
condensation (kahn-dehn-SAY-shuhn): change
from a gas to a liquid
sublimation: change from a solid directly to a gas
State Changes Matter can change from one state
to another. For example, water can change from a
solid to a liquid. A change in matter from one state
to another is called a change of state. There are four
main kinds of changes of state. During a change of
state, there is a change in heat energy. A substance
either gains or loses heat as it changes from one
state to another.
~
DESCRIBE: What is a change of state?
Freezing and Melting If you fill an ice cube tray
with water and place it in the freezer, the water will
change to ice. Water changing into ice is an example
of freezing. Freezing is a change from a liquid to a
solid. Freezing occurs when the temperature of a
liquid reaches its freezing point. At its freezing point,
a liquid loses enough heat to change to a solid.
••• Figure 1-8 Part of this frozen iceberg ismelting into the ocean.
Before you
go to bed tonight, fill an open plastic container
with water. Mark the level of the water. Place the
container in a warm, dry place. When you get up
tomorrow, see what has happened to the water
level. You will find that some of the water has
"disappeared." Particles at the surface of the water
gained enough heat energy to change into the gas
state. Evaporation is a change from a liquid to a
gas at the surface of the liquid.
Evaporation
and Condensation
You probably have noticed drops of water on
your bathroom mirror after taking a hot shower.
Hot water from the shower causes the temperature
in the bathroom to rise. Some water particles gain
enough heat energy to change to water vapor.
Water vapor is the gas state of water. Water vapor
is invisible. As particles of water vapor hit the cool
surface of a mirror, they lose heat energy and
change back into liquid water. This process is
called condensation. Condensation is a change
from a gas to a liquid.
~
EXPLAIN: What causes condensation?
When you fill an ice cube tray with
water and place it in the freezer, you have ice
cubes in a few hours. If you leave the tray
untouched in the freezer for several days, the ice
cubes get smaller. This is due to a process called
sublimation. Sublimation is the changing of a
solid directly to a gas, without passing through a
liquid state. The temperature at which a solid
changes to a gas is its sublimation point. Some
other solids that sublime are moth balls
(naphthalene), dry ice (C02), and iodine.
Sublimation
I). DEFINE;
What is sublimation?
;
:
8. INFER: What happens to the particles of a
liquid as the liquid evaporates?
1. Melting is a change from a solid to a
2. Water changing into ice is an example of
3. A change in matter from one state to another
is called
_
4. A change from a liquid to a gas at the surface
of the liquid is
_
9. CLASSIFY; Identify the change of state taking
place in each of the following situations.
a. Water droplets form on the inside of your
window on a chilly winter night.
b. A full perfume bottle left open for several
days is now half empty.
c. A block of baking chocolate is heated until
it can be poured into a measuring cup.
5. Water vapor changing to liquid water is an
example of
_
6. Dry ice turning into gas is an example of
THINKING'CRITI.cALf'r
7. INFER: What happens to the particles of a
liquid as the liquid freezes?
Design an experiment to solve the following problem.
Include a hypothesis, variables, a procedure, and a
type of data to study.
PROBLEM:
How can you identify an unknown
material?
FOG MACHINES
Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide, a gas found in
the air around us. It looks like regular ice, but it is
much colder. The temperature of, dry ice is about
-78.S
or -109.3°F. If dry ice comes in contact with
your skin, heat is removed from your body so fast
that your skin seems to burn! For this reason, dry ice
should only be handled with insulated gloves.
0
(
. Frozen carbon dioxide is called dry ice because
it does not melt. It changes directly from a solid
to a gas. This process is called sublimation. If you
watch a piece of dry ice, it seems to slowly
disappear into thin air as it sublimes.
.
•. Figure1-9 Dry icesubliming
When dry ice is placed in hot water, a fog made
of tiny water droplets is produced. Such fogs, produced by a fog machine, can lend
a dreamlike or eerie mood to the sets of stage plays, rock concerts, or movies. A dry
ice fog machine is made up of a water barrel, a heater, and a fan. Dry ice is placed
in a bucket with holes in it. When the bucket is lowered into the barrel of hot
water, fog is produced. The fan then bloVl{s the fog through the air. The production
of fog is stepped by removing the dry ice.from the water barrel.
Thinking Critically Where does the water that makesup the fog come from?
/5
CHAPTER1: Properties of Matter
23
Name
_
Teacher
_
Date_ ...••.
Science, Period
_
_
Phase Change Concept Map
Liquid
/b --
Name
_
MATTER: HOW IS IT PUT TOGETHER?
SOLID, LIQUID, AND GA~
SOLID
Directions:
Use the above chart to help you answer the following questions.
Part I: Fill in.
1. Changing
2. Changing
3. Changing
4. Changing
from a liquid to a solid is called
from a liquid to a gas is called
from a gas to a liquid is called
from a solid to a liquid is called
'
'
_
_
Part II: Circle the best answer.
5. To change from a solid 10 a liquid (requires heat or gives off heat).
6. To change from a gas to a liquid (requires heat or gives off heat).
7. To change from a liquid to a solid (requires heat or gives off heat).
8. To change from a liquid to a gas (requires heat or gives off heat).
Matter: How Is It Put Together?
©1992
United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 800·323·9084 fax 847·328-6706 www.unltedlearning.com
United Learning
e-mail: [email protected]
Name
1-4
.
_ Class
_ Oate
_
How does matter change state?
Lesson Review
Circle the term that does not belong in each group.
1. condensation, ice, gas, liquid
5. evaporation, gain energy, leave liquid, melt
2. solid, water vapor, liquid, freezing
6. freezing, melting, reacting, condensing
3. gain energy, lose energy, gas particles,
7. gain heat, melt, evaporate, state of matter
condensation
8. solid, water, sublimation, gas
4. dry ice, water, moth balls, iodine
Skill Challenge
Skills:
interpreting
a graph, analyzing, inferring
The graph below is called a state-change
diagram. It shows what happens to water as it
changes from ice to liquid water and then to
steam. Study the graph. Then, answer the
questions that follow.
1. What is being measured along the vertical
axis of the graph?
120~~~~~~-~~-~~---~-~~
1001--~-7--'r-~r~--+-~--~~-
U
~
801--'····-··---·!-·/0---+·!···_+···
.a~
601+··················'····,'··'·:
E
[
40 1·_···-;· ..·······i·w········'1--·+-····+--
E
20 1······.,···························/1·············••··
~
!
+.
..,·_····C·
+
:
+
.
+ ..···;···_·-f-······+_··t···+·
·····1
.j
,
,
;
+. . ;
'[
o
2. What is being measured along the
~iqui~
-20~~~~~~-~~--~~--~~--~~
horizontal axis?
Solid
Increasing Heat -
3. What happens to the temperature of the ice
when heat is first added?
_
4. What happens to the temperature of the ice right after the ice reaches QOC? What is happening to the
ice at this time?
_
5. The temperature of the liquid water steadily increases between what two temperatures on the
graph?
6.' What happens to the temperature of the water as it changes to steam? What is happening to the
heat during this time?
_
7. During the times when the temperature is not changing, what do you think is happening to the heat
that is being added to the water?
Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science. Teacher's Resources CD-ROM
(c) by Pearson Education. Inc.lGlobe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.
_
Properties
of Matter: CHAPTER 1, page 7
1. Heat causes the particles of matter to excite or move
2. Temoerature is a measure of the
_
energy of the particles.
3. The faster the particles are moving, the
the temperature.
4. This causes there to be more
between the particles.
Phase Change Diagram
o
0°
o
..
o
0
c:IJ
000
E
F
0
o ooG
-
.• B
c
f
~
1;
iE
~
•
A
~-----------------------------Heat Energy --------------------------~_1 .
5. At which letter segments is the temperature increasing?
6. At which letter segments is the temperature staying the same?
7. When the temperature
~
_
is staying the same, the heat energy is still increasing. If
the heat energy is not making the particles move faster (increasing the
temperature), what is the added energy doing?
_
8. Identify the phase or phase change for each letter.
A.
_
E.
B.
_
F.
c.
_
G.
D.
_
_
19