lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 What do you think we are doing today? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFinNxS5KN4 Jan 907:54 1 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 Cloning L/O- to examine the ideas behind cloning and present a range of opinions on its value Mar 2016:17 2 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 Using the resources provided, in groups produce a presentation on cloning. You must explain the process, the pros and cons of cloning and what at least one religion has to say about it. You will get extra marks for backing up the points you make with evidence. Suggested presentation techniques• mindmap • silent debate • leaflet(s) • magazine article Mar 2016:10 3 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 CLONING When some living thing is exactly copied. eg when Dolly the sheep gave birth to a lamb which had been made to be an exact copy of Dolly- she gave birth to herself Oct 3 10:15 4 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 Process of Cloning The most common cloning method, known as "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or simply "nuclear transfer," requires two kinds of cell. One is a somatic cell, which is collected from the animal that is to be cloned (known as the "genetic donor"). A somatic cell is any cell other than a sperm cell or egg cell, and contains the complete DNA, or genetic blueprint, of the animal it came from. For cloning purposes, somatic cells are typically obtained by a routine skin biopsy performed by a veterinarian. The other kind of cell required for cloning is an egg cell, which is collected from a female of the same species (known as the "egg donor"). In the lab, a scientist extracts and discards the nucleus of the egg cell, which is the part of the cell that contains the egg donor's genes. The scientist then inserts the somatic cell from the genetic donor into the egg and "fuses" the two with electricity. The resulting fused egg contains the genetic donor's DNA. The scientist stimulates the fused egg, which "activates" the egg and causes it to divide just as an egg would if it had been fertilized by a sperm cell in conventional reproduction. The activated egg is then placed in a culture medium. As cellular division continues over the course of several days, a blastocyst (early-stage embryo) forms. After about a week, an embryo transfer specialist transfers the blastocyst to a recipient female (sometimes referred to as "surrogate mother") where it continues to develop. After a full-term pregnancy, the recipient gives birth to an animal that is essentially the identical twin of the genetic donor. Mar 2016:10 5 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 Mar 2016:10 6 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/cloningnew/index.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1 A clone is nothing to be scared of Do you think that clones are unusual? That we‛ve been able to make them only recently? That a clone is always an independently existing animal, like the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park? That cloning should be avoided because it nearly always ends in disaster? If you did, you might be surprised. We are surrounded by clones: anything that reproduces asexually, such as bacteria, is a clone of its parent. Humans have also been selectively creating, growing and eating clones for many years through propagating plants by taking cuttings. You may have even eaten meat or drunk milk from a cloned animal. Cloning today, however, is sometimes seen as controversial because it is now possible to create clones from single cells which would not occur naturally – for example from mammals (and humans). Mar 2016:20 7 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 What is cloning? Cloning can mean several different things. DNA cloning refers to the creation of multiple identical copies of a gene or DNA fragment which can then be used in genetic engineering. Cloning is usually used, however, to mean the creation of a group of genetically identical cells or organisms from the same parent cell, and this is the type that we will look at in more detail here. Even though clones are genetic duplicates they are still unique: think of any identical twins that you may know – they are clones of each other but are they exactly the same? The cloning of mammals is the area of most interest in research and for the development of therapeutic medicines, and is also the area which attracts the most ethical disagreements. There are three main ways of cloning mammals which all require different methods. New organisms can be created by two different processes: cloning by nuclear transfer and embryo splitting. Therapeutic cloning, in contrast, is used to create just a group of stem cells which have a medical use. This method and the use of the stem cells produced is still being developed, but could eventually be used to create a replacement organ – such as a heart. Mar 2016:22 8 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLkSPzS4tuU&safe=active I cloned my pet Mar 2016:23 9 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 Cloning science should be used to save lives. A Jew might agree with this statement. They believe in Pikuach Nefesh which means saving life is more important than anything else. So if creating embryos could save someone else's life then it is worth it even though an embryo is technically a life as well. Someone else might agree if this stem cell science is strictly controlled by authorities just like IVF. Saving a person's life by using stem cells is a good thing. On the other hand... A Catholic would disagree because as far as they are concerned life begins at conception and cloning involves ending this new life which is murder. Someone else might disagree because it goes against nature and is interfering with the natural order. We shouldn't be messing around with human DNA if we don't know what could happen in the future. Jan 1313:08 10 lesson 4 cloning surrogacy.notebook March 20, 2015 HOMEWORK log onto sam learning and complete the task I have assigned you this will be available for 2 weeks Jan 915:15 11
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