1
1
Drugs, Alcohol &
Volatile Substances
What you need to know
DRUGS? WHAT’S THE BIG DEAL ...?
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Everyone has something to say about
drugs
Even so, it’s still an issue wrapped in
myths, and often fiction gets in the way
of the facts.
Knowing the score isn’t just about knowing
the buzz different drugs can give. It’s also
about being aware of the effects they can
have on your mind, your body and even
the way you live your life. There are serious
risks linked to drug taking, so it’s vital to get
your hands on information you can trust.
Contents
Crucial questions
page 4
999
page 6
No problem!
Page 7-10
Quiz
page 11
Bad deal
page 12
The law unlocked
page 13-14
This booklet puts you squarely in the picture about drugs.
It answers questions, sorts problems, explains the risks
and drops in on dilemmas and debates. Whatever your
viewpoint - there’s something inside for everyone.
pure
And if it’s
info you’re after, our
DRUG FILES are one essential source you’ll
return to again and again.
You’ll find no preaching here - the facts
speak for themselves.
Electronic copies are available at: www.wales.gov.uk/substancemisuse
DRUG FILES
Alcohol
Anabolic steroids
page 15
page 17
page 19
Cocaine Crack page 20
Ecstasy GHB page 22
Heroin
page 24
Cannabis
page 21
page 23
Ketamine
page 25
LSD (acid)
page 26
Magic mushrooms
page 27
Methylamphetamine
page 28
Poppers (alkyl nitrites) page 29
Volatile Substances
page 30
Speed (amphetamines) page 31
Tobacco
page 32
Tranquillisers page 33
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44
DIFFERENT DRUGS HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS
People take certain drugs to make them feel confident and excited. Others use drugs to relax them or affect the
way they see things. It’s impossible to accurately predict the effects of any drug. Much depends on the amount
taken, the user’s mood and their surroundings. However, some drugs can be divided into broad groups:
STIMULANTS:
DEPRESSANTS:
Drugs which act on the
central nervous system
and increase brain
activity. (Anabolic
steroids; cocaine; crack;
ecstasy; poppers;
speed; tobacco)
Drugs which act on
the central nervous
system and slow
down brain activity.
(Alcohol; gases,
glues and aerosols;
tranquillisers)
HALLUCINOGENS:
ANALGESICS:
Drugs which act on
the mind, distorting
the way users see and
hear things. (Cannabis;
ketamine; LSD; magic
mushrooms)
Drugs which have
a painkilling
effect. (Heroin)
CRUCIAL QUESTIONS
‘WHAT DOES THE
PICTURE ON A TAB OF
There is NO connection
between the picture and the
effects of the acid tab.
Users can experience trips
differently every time. The effects depend on the user’s
mood, where they are and who
they’re with at the time. There
is no way of predicting what a
trip will be like.
‘WHAT ARE THE
ACID
SAY
EFFECTS OF TAKING
ABOUT THE
TRIP?’
NOTHING!
LONG-TERM
ECSTASY?’
Basically, no one really knows.
The chemical name for ecstasy is MDMA
and what we do know is that MDMA:
dramatically affects the brain
chemistry of animals;
has also been linked to
liver and kidney problems;
heavy long-term use may increase the
chance of severe depression and other
mental illnesses in later life.
In many ways, ecstasy users are
human guinea pigs.
‘IS
CANNABIS
SAFE?
‘WHEN PEOPLE
You may have heard people say that
cannabis is risk free. This isn’t true.
Heavy use of cannabis over a long period of
time can lead to users relying on the drug
as a way of relaxing and being sociable.
Heavy, long-term cannabis use can make you
feel less energetic than normal. This can have
a negative effect on the way you live
your life.
Smoking cannabis with tobacco causes lung
damage. In fact it’s reckoned that smoke
from an unfiltered spliff carries more risks
than a cigarette. However, people tend to
smoke many more cigarettes than spliffs.
“SMOKING AND DRINKING AREN’T
ILLEGAL SO WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?”
OK, so you can buy cigarettes at 18, and if you’re 18
pubs can sell you alcoholic drinks, but tobacco and
alcohol can be abused like any drug.
Smoke and you risk cancer, heart disease and serious
lung problems.
In the UK, about
people die every hour
because of smoking-related diseases.
Drink too much alcohol and you risk damage to the
heart, liver, stomach and brain.
1.8 percent of the 15,000 referrals into alcohol
treatment services in 2006-07, were under
15 years old.
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TALK
ABOUT
5
FLASHBACKS
WHAT DO THEY
MEAN?’
LSD and magic mushrooms are hallucinogenic
drugs - they change the way a user sees and
hears things. This is called a trip. A flashback
is something that:
can happen later - days, months, even years
after taking the drug; is a sudden memory of
something from a previous trip; may not last
long, but can seem very real. If you’re doing
something like crossing a road at the time it
could leave you exposed to serious danger.
ALL
DRUGS CARRY
RISKS
The effects may be unexpected.
Many drugs sold on the ‘street’ have been mixed
with other substances, so users can never be sure
what they’re getting.
Users may become tolerant to some drugs
(e.g. alcohol, heroin and speed). This means their
bodies have become so used to the drug they need
to take more to get the effect they want.
Users may overdose (take too much for their
bodies to handle). With alcohol, heroin and gases,
glues and aerosols, an overdose can prove fatal.
999
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Drugs affect everyone
differently. Sometimes
people suffer a bad
reaction. If it all goes
horribly wrong, don’t be
the one who stands
back helpless.
999 NOTE: If you’ve called
an ambulance and you know
what drugs have been taken,
always tell the crew.
IT MIGHT SAVE A LIFE and
you won’t get into trouble.
For information on first aid courses, call the
Red Cross (0844 871 8000) or St John
Ambulance (08700 104 950).
Know what you can do if someone:
GETS REALLY DROWSY
Calm them and be reassuring.
NEVER give coffee to rouse them.
If symptoms persist, place them in the
recovery position (see picture).
Call an ambulance if necessary.
A risk with heroin, tranquillisers and
misuse of gases, glues and aerosols.
GETS TENSE AND PANICS
Calm them and be reassuring.
Explain that the feelings will pass.
Steer them clear of crowds, noisy music
and bright lights.
If they start breathing very quickly, calm
them down and encourage them to
take long, slow breaths.
RECOVERY
POSITION
Ecstasy and speed affect the body’s
temperature control. If users dance
energetically without taking regular breaks
or keeping up fluids, there’s a real danger
that their bodies could overheat and
dehydrate (lose too much body fluid).
Warning signs include: cramps, fainting,
headache or sudden tiredness.
BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS
Call an ambulance. Place them in the
recovery position (see picture). Check
breathing. Be prepared to do mouth-toCan occur with ecstasy, LSD, mouth resuscitation. Keep them warm,
magic mushrooms and speed.
but not too hot.
GETS TOO HOT AND
DEHYDRATES
THE
Encourage them to sip non-alcoholic fluids
such as fruit juice and isotonic sports drinks
(about a pint every hour).
If symptoms persist call an ambulance,
but make sure someone stays with them.
Move them to a cooler, quiet area
(outside is often best).
Remove excess clothing and try to
cool them down.
A danger for:
Someone on alcohol; gases, glues and
aerosols; heroin; poppers; tranquillisers.
People who suffer a bad reaction to ecstasy.
Ecstasy users who dance and don’t keep up
fluids (see page 20)
Annie is a drugs counsellor working with a local project. Here she sorts out
your
LSD trips acid scooby doos tabs
WHO SHOULD I BELIEVE?
My best mate Gary’s bugging me to take an acid trip
with him. He says there’s no way I’ll have a bad trip
on his tabs, but I’ve read somewhere that you can
never predict the effects of LSD. I’m scared I’ll have
a bad experience.
Dear Steffan
Steffan, 14, Swansea
Just because your friend says he had a good time
on acid doesn’t mean you will too. In fact there’s
NO GUARANTEE he’ll repeat his last experience.
Like many drugs, the effects of an LSD trip are
different for everyone. Much depends on
your mood, where you are and who you’re
with when you take the acid - not what batch
it came from - and a bad trip can be a
terrifying experience. Get to know the facts
about drugs, and the risks involved will become
clear. As for the info you’re after, always be sure
of your sources. This booklet and the DAN 24/7
Helpline (see below) are two you can trust.
questions:
HIS HIGHS LEAVE ME LOW
My boyfriend’s into ecstasy. He says it doesn’t do any
harm, but after a night out he’s always exhausted and
snappy with me. He really upsets me when he’s like this. He
also blows most of his cash this way and sometimes I wonder
whether he’s more interested
in E than he is in me.
Katie, 16, Wrexham
Dear Katie
Frequent and heavy use of some drugs can have a
bad effect on users’ lives. Obviously this isn’t
doing you any favours. But don’t bottle up
your worries - talk.
Just choose your moment
wisely - if he’s feeling low
he won’t react well.
Ultimately, it’s down to him
to wise up - not just to
the damage he could do
to himself but to your
relationship too.
e doves disco biscuits hug drug
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If you’re worried about any drug issue, call DAN 24/7 HELPLINE on 0800 6 33 55 88.
They can also put you in touch with your local drug agency. Ring in an emergency or just call for info and advice.
whizz speed billy uppers sulphate
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WOULD SPEED HELP ME PASS MY EXAMS?
SHE’S DROWNING HER SORROWS
Recently I mentioned to a mate
that I was worried about exams.
She suggested speed could help
me focus, and give me the confidence
I need to pass. Is this true?
A good friend was dumped recently by her
boyfriend. She pretends it’s no big deal, but I know
she’s hiding her real feelings. We’ve been to a few
parties since it happened, and every time she’s
got badly drunk. It’s really unlike her, but I don’t
know how to help.
Rob, 15, Bangor
Gemma, 16, Monmouth
Dear Rob
Speed is a stimulant. The drug
works by stepping up the heart
rate, making users feel confident
and able to concentrate for longer
periods. But speed can’t make you
perform any better in exams.
It may make you THINK you’ve
done brilliantly, but when you get
the results you’ll probably GET A
shock. What’s more, speed can bring
on mood swings, irritability and
paranoia - three things you don’t
want at the best of times, especially
not during exams! To do your best
you don’t need drugs. A revision
plan and a clear head will be
much more helpful.
Dear Gemma
Alcohol is a depressant drug.
Your friend may be boozing to blank
out her problems but it’s likely to leave
her feeling worse. To help herself, she has
to recognise that getting drunk won’t
make things better. First she needs to
deal with her feelings about the split, but
you can’t force her to open up. Instead,
make her aware that you’re prepared
to listen when she’s ready to talk.
To sober up she needs to find her selfrespect again. Being her friend will help her
back on her feet. For more advice call
DRINKLINE on 0800 9178282.
Give her the number too.
alcohol booze alcopops spirits
FAT?
I was at a party with my mates when the neighbours
called the police because of the noise. When the police
arrived at the house, they searched a few of us for drugs.
This lad had some speed on him and they took him down
the police station. I’ve seen him around, but my
mates told me he got cautioned. Does that mean
he’s got away with it?
Gareth,
14, Haverfordwest
Dear Gareth
A ‘formal caution’ is sometimes
given by the police where an offence has
been committed, but they decide not to
take the person to court because that
person has admitted TO the offence
and agreed to be cautioned. However, a
formal caution is a very serious matter
and it will stay on police records for
five years. If the boy commits another
offence, the fact that he has a formal
caution on his record could mean he is
more likely to end up in court.
If he was found guilty he could get a
harsher sentence. Getting a formal
caution does not mean he got away with it.
tobacco fags cigarettes ciggies
Class ‘A’ drugs Class ‘B’ drugs
WILL QUITTING MAKE ME
I’m a smoker but I really want
to give up. I know I can do it, but I’ve
heard that quitting means you put on weight.
I’m a big girl as it is, and I really don’t want to
get any bigger.
Mari, 16, Aberdare
Dear Mari
Packing in cigarettes doesn’t mean
you’ll automatically pile on the
pounds. However, nicotine is
known to dull the appetite.
This means people giving up often find
they’re tempted to reach for the fridge
instead of a smoke. It’s then that the
calories can start mounting. Eating like
this is also a comfort thing - a way of
replacing the buzz you get from
the nicotine in tobacco - but the
craving WILL pass. In the meantime,
if you have to snack, make sure you’re
stocked up on healthy, low-fat
foods. Give up smoking this way
and you’ll be doing your body a
double favour - while the only pounds
you’ll gain are those that fill your
pocket!
For more help call
Smokers Helpline Wales
0800 1690169.
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DON’T MIX DRUGS AND ALCOHOL
My boyfriend smokes cannabis
and he also likes to drink alcohol.
But if he’s smoking and then starts
drinking booze, he just ends up
feeling dizzy and sick.
Lisa,
15, Carmarthen
Dear Lisa
Mixing any drug with alcohol can be
very dangerous. As your
boyfriend has discovered, it can
make people feel very ill.
Driving after you’ve taken both
cannabis and alcohol is particularly
dangerous. Drinking alcohol on
top of drugs like heroin or
tranquillisers can even
kill. It’s important that your
boyfriend is made aware of the
risks of mixing drugs
and alcohol. Show him this
booklet if he won’t listen
to you.
SMOKING ‘BROWN’ IS BAD NEWS
At the clubs I go to, a lot of people are
smoking ‘brown’ to chill out. Some of
my friends have told me that “brown” is just
a stronger form of cannabis - is this true?
Jo,
16, Cardiff
Dear Jo
‘Brown’ is actually a
smokeable form of heroin.
It carries all the same risks as heroin
- the fact that it’s smoked
doesn’t make it ‘safe’ or less
addictive. Read about the effects of
heroin use in the Drug
Files at the
end of this
booklet and
warn your
friends
about the
risks that
What you need to know...
10
they could
be running.
heroin scag H smack gear junk
TRUE
FALSE
1. Alcohol is a stimulant drug.
2. Snorting cocaine can permanently damage the inside of the nose.
3. Using heroin for the first time can cause vomiting.
4. If you’re on tranquillisers, alcohol doesn’t have any effect.
5. The maximum penalty for possession of speed is
two years’ imprisonment.
6. The ‘head rush’ felt by users when they breathe in
poppers is caused by a surge of blood through the heart and brain.
7. A bad trip on LSD (acid) is more likely to happen to first time users.
8. The high from smoking crack lasts for about ten minutes.
9. The effects of ketamine can leave users unable to move for hours.
10.
Many drugs sold on the ‘street’ have been mixed with
other substances, so users can never be sure what they’re getting.
The answers
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10.TRUE
- A bad trip can happen to anyone, whether they’re taking LSD for the first time or
not.It’s more likely if a user is feeling anxious, uncomfortable or nervous.
- Mixing tranquillisers with alcohol is very dangerous.
- Possession carries a maximum penalty of five years’ imprisonment and/or a fine.
- Alcohol is a depressant drug. It slows down brain activity.
GET YOUR FACTS RIGHT!
When it comes to DRUGS, are you clued up or clueless? Find out with this
true or false quiz. All the answers are in the drug files (and at the foot of the page).
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Recently this girl was caught by the police with some
ecstasy tabs in her pocket. This is her story…
Name:
Age:
Lives in: Occupation:
Bethan
16
Aberystwyth
Student
Criminal charge: POSSESSION WITH INTENT TO SUPPLY
‘I STILL DON’T THINK OF MYSELF AS A
DRUG DEALER.
As I see it, dealers are big time gangsters or those people
outside clubs trying to sell Es, trips and whizz. All I did was try
to sort a few friends with ecstasy. Like I told the police, my
mates asked me. I wasn’t going to push it on them. In fact I
thought I was doing them a favour. I even said that none of the
tabs were for me, but it didn’t make any difference.
AWAITING
PUNISHMENT
The police haven’t told me what’s going to happen yet.
I could get a formal warning or a caution - which means a
police record. I might even have to appear in court. The fact
that ecstasy is a Class A drug isn’t going to help. Apparently
it’s the most serious drugs category of all, and can carry the
heaviest penalties. Also a lot depends on the amount of
drugs the police find. I was only carrying a few Es, and I was
on my own when they stopped me. Still, the police were
convinced that they weren’t just for my own personal use.
SO
DISAPPOINTED
It’s been a big shock for my parents - when they turned
up at the station, my mum was white as a sheet.
Dad wouldn’t even look at me. They’ve said they’ll
stand by me, but I know they feel let down.
THE FUTURE
Word’s already
spreading through
school. My teachers are
bound to find out - and
then what? What really
hurts is that everyone’s
talking about me behind
my back. No one undestands
how bad I feel. I wish I’d
known about the risks I was
taking. But it’s too late now. I’ve
just got to face what’s coming.’
Police may spend more time looking for professional dealers,
but they still treat cases like Bethan’s very seriously.
Possession with intent to supply is a major offence.
sorted for Es and whizz?
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THE LAW
U N LOC K E D
If the police have reason to suspect that you are carrying
an illegal drug, they have the right to make you
turn out your pockets. They can also take you to
the police station and search you. If drugs are found,
you could be charged with one of TWO offences:
POSSESSION
This means being caught with an illegal drug for your own use. The police can tell your parent(s) or carer. They
could also inform the Social Services and the Probation Service. As for punishment, the police have these options:
a formal warning (which is put on local police files - if you offend again this may influence the
police to charge you, rather than caution you)
a formal caution (a central police record held for five years - if you offend again, this can be used
against you)
to charge you with an offence leading to a Youth Court hearing (this is more likely for repeat
offenders, who may end up with a fine or a custodial sentence).
IF YOU HAVE A DRUGS RECORD:
Obtaining a visa to travel to some countries may become difficult or could even be denied.
A drugs record could affect your job prospects. When applying for a job, an
employer may check if you have a criminal record or any past convictions.
POSSESSION WITH INTENT TO SUPPLY DRUGS
If you had any intention of dealing (which can include giving and sharing
drugs), you may be charged with this more serious offence. Decisions over
whether you’re charged with intent to supply are based on the circumstances
in which you were caught and the quantity of drugs you were caught with.
The police can take the same course of action as in simple possession cases,
but this time you’re more likely to be charged. If your case goes to court,
the penalties are likely to be heavier.
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14
law
Ignorance won’t wash with the
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 divides drugs into three
classes and sets maximum sentencing penalties:
CLASS
CLASS
CLASS
A
B
C
Cocaine, crack, ecstasy, heroin, LSD (acid), magic mushrooms,
speed (amphetamines) if prepared for injection.
Methylamphetime (Methamphetamine/Crystal Meth)
MAXIMUM
PENALITIES:
possession
7 years’ prison and/or a fine
supply
life imprisonment and/or a fine
Speed (amphetamines), methylphenidate (Ritatin) Pholcodine,
Cannabis
MAXIMUM
PENALITIES:
possession
5 years’ prison and/or a fine
supply
14 years’ prison and/or a fine
Anabolic Steroids, Tranquillisers (including Temazepam
(mazzies)), Gamma hydrox-ybutyrate (GBH), Ketamine
MAXIMUM
PENALITIES:
possession
2 years’ prison and/or a fine
supply
14 years’ prison and/or a fine
Some other drugs are controlled by the Medicines Act.
As for alcohol, gases, glues and aerosols, poppers and tobacco,
the law handles each of these differently.
ALCOHOL
(Illegal to sell to under-18s)
Alcohol is found in drinks like beer, lager, alcopops, cider, wine and spirits.
The facts
Alcopops often contain more alcohol than many beers, lager or cider.
drugs is
Alcohol comes in different strengths and measured as a % by volume.
The higher the % the stronger the drink will be. The stronger the strength the
more units will be contained in a drink. For men, it is recommended that they
drink no more than 3 to 4 units of alcohol a day and no more than 21 units over
the course of the week. For women, it is recommended that they drink no more
than 2 to 3 units of alcohol a day and no more than 14 units over the course of
the week. Individuals should not save up their daily units through the week and
binge on the weekend.”
with other
Police have a range of powers to tackle underage drinking ranging from powers
to confiscate alcohol from under-18s who drink in public, tackling those that
drink irresponsibly and as well as tackling those that persistently sell or supply
under 18s with alcohol.
SERIOUSLY DANGEROUS
It is illegal to sell alcohol to under 18s. Young people aged 16 or 17 can however
drink beer, wine or cider with a meal if it is bought by an adult and they are
accompanied by an adult. It is illegal for this age group to drink spirits in pubs,
even with a meal.
alcohol
Mixing
15
16
The risks
Alcohol is a depressant drug. Users can end up feeling very down.
Women get more drunk than men on the same amount of alcohol. They can also develop drinkrelated health problems earlier.
Overdose (drinking far too much) can lead to loss of consciousness. Users then risk
choking on their own vomit.
This can kill.
Overdose can also cause alcoholic poisoning, which can
be fatal.
Long-term over-use can lead to serious liver, heart and stomach problems.
The number of alcohol related deaths in the UK has more than doubled from 4,144 in 1991 to
8,724 in 2007.
The effects
Many people enjoy drinking alcohol. In small amounts it can help them to relax and
feel more sociable.
Some people use alcohol to escape from their problems.
The effect depends on the strength of the drink and how fast it is consumed.
It also varies according to when a person last ate, and their weight, mood and
surroundings. Speech can become slurred, co-ordination affected and emotions
heightened. A hangover (the after-effects of alcohol) can leave you feeling ill for
a day or so.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
(Supply is against the law)
17
The facts
Anabolic steroids can only be supplied lawfully by a pharmacist to someone with a doctor's
prescription, unlawful supply is against the law and Class C penalties apply.
Anabolic steroids are synthetic equivalents of the male
hormone, testosterone. They are used in medicine to treat
persistent anaemia and muscle weakness after surgery.
Don’t confuse them with the type of
Some body-builders use
think it’ll improve their
Some can be swallowed
but most need an
intramuscular
Use in
regulated
sports is
prohibited.
A positive test
for the drug can
ruin a sporting
career.
steroids used to treat eczema/asthma*.
anabolic steroids, as well as people who
body image.
injection.
The effects
Users claim steroids make them
feel more aggressive and able to
train harder.
With intensive exercise, anabolic steroids
can help build up muscle. However,
there is some debate about whether they
improve muscle power and athletic
performance.
18
The risks
Taking anabolic steroids carries many health risks and can stop young
people from growing properly.
The physical risks for MEN include:
erection problems, breast growth (Bitch tits), shrinking testicles,
reduced sperm and even sterility, acne, increased chance of heart
attack and liver damage.
The physical risks for WOMEN include:
growth
of
facial
hair,
shrinking breasts and
It is very risky for a
steroids, as the
seriously affected.
deepening of the voice,
disturbed menstrual cycle.
pregnant woman to take
unborn baby could be
Trade
names
include:
Sustanon
250, DecaDurabolin,
Dianabol,
Anavar and
Stanozolol. May
be referred to by
users as ...
‘roids
Steroid use can produce
temporary mental health
problems including aggression,
mood swings, sleep disorder and
paranoia. Sharing needles or syringes puts
users at risk of dangerous infections like
hepatitis and HIV.
* Some countries treat asthma using Clenbuterol, which is also used for its anabolic effects.
Cannabis is a natural substance from a plant commonly called ‘hemp’.
It comes in a solid, dark lump known as ‘resin’ or as leaves, stalks and seeds called ‘grass’ or as a
sticky oil. It can be rolled with tobacco in a spliff or joint, smoked on its own in a special pipe, or eaten.
There are different types of cannabis - some (e.g. skunk) are very strong.
Getting ‘stoned’ on cannabis makes most users relaxed and
talkative. It heightens the senses, especially when it comes to
colours, taste and music.
Prolonged use can leave people feeling tired and
lacking energy.
Cooking and eating hash makes the effects more intense and
harder to control.
Hash may bring on cravings for food, especially sweet things.
The RISKS
The facts
(Class B)
The effects
CANNABIS
19
Cannabis (including cannabis oil) is a Class B drug
Smoking cannabis
over a long period
of time may
increase the risk of
respiratory
disorders, including
lung cancer.
Cannabis use can affect the ability to
concentrate and cause short-term memory loss.
Getting stoned affects co-ordination, increasing
the risk of accidents.
It impairs driving skills, so never get in a car with
someone who is stoned. Combining cannabis and
alcohol substantially increases the chances of being
involved in a road accident.
Cannabis can make users paranoid and anxious, depending
on their mood and situation.
Many heavy regular users find cannabis hard to give up.
Known as marijuana, draw, blow, weed, puff, shit, hash, ganja.
20
Cocaine
(Class A)
The facts
Cocaine is a white powder which is
usually snorted but is sometimes
injected.
It is a Class
Known as
A drug.
coke, charlie,
snow,
The risks
C.
Users may find their habit
expensive and hard to
control. Cocaine use increases
the heart rate and can cause chest
pain and heart problems. Large or
frequent doses over a
short period can leave
users agitated,
anxious, confused
and paranoid. Continued use may
lead to a state of mind similar to paranoid
psychosis. Snorting cocaine may
permanently damage the membranes
inside the nose.
The effects
Cocaine is a powerful
stimulant. The buzz creates
a sense of well-being, making
users feel alert, confident and
exhilarated. The effects
last about 30 minutes. Users
are often left craving
more. People may also
take more to delay the
comedown (tiredness
and depression).
21
(Class A)
The facts
Crack is a
smokeable
form of
cocaine.
The effects
THE RISKS
Crack is highly addictive.
Crack
cocaine
‘rocks’
Because the high can be so intense, crack use is often
difficult to control
Smoking crack can
seriously
After the high,
feelings of
harm the
lungs and cause chest pains.
The effects of smoking crack are
similar to snorting cocaine but much
more intense.
The effects are very short-lived,
lasting as little as ten minutes.
Users often ‘chase’ the high by
repeating the dose, which can rapidly
lead to dependence.
Heavy users may take heroin
to dull the craving caused by
the use of crack.
restlessness,
Heavy use can lead to potentially
nausea
fatal heart problems.
Heavy users risk convulsions.
Regular users may find their habit
very
expensive
Users have died from
.
overdose
and
sleeplessness are
common.
Large or frequent
doses over a short
period can leave users
confused, depressed
and paranoid.
Known as rock, wash, stone
.
It is a Class A drug.
Crack pipe
made from a car ariel
(Class A)
Ecstasy is a Class A drug.
The effects
The effects of MDMA are unpredictable.
Users can feel alert and in tune with their
surroundings and with other people too.
Sound, colour and emotions can seem
much more intense.
The energy buzz from ecstasy means users may
dance for hours.
The effects last anything from three to six hours.
24 hour party people
The facts
Ecstasy usually comes in tablets of
different shapes, size and colour (but often white).
A tablet might not contain MDMA. Other drugs which might
be sold as MDMA can have very different effects.
Known as E, XTC, doves, disco biscuits, echoes, hug
drug, eccies, burgers, fantasy (chemical name: MDMA).
ecstasy
22
CHILL
eeeeee
The risks
As ecstasy starts working (known as ‘coming up’) users may feel a
tightening of the jaw, nausea, sweating and an increase in heart rate.
The comedown can leave users feeling tired and
depressed, often for days.
Use has been linked to liver and kidney problems. Studies into the effects
of ecstasy are still at an early stage. However, research shows that MDMA
dramatically affects the brain chemistry of animals.
There have been about sixty ecstasy-related deaths in the UK.
Ecstasy affects the body’s
temperature control.
Dancing for long periods in a hot
atmosphere increases the chances of
users overheating and dehydrating
(losing too much body fluid).
The risks can be reduced if users:
1. Chill out regularly.
2. Sip about a pint of non-alcoholic
fluid such as fruit juice, isotonic sports
drinks or water every hour.
Excessive doses can lead to
sickness, stiff muscles,
fits and even collapse.
If incorrectly produced,
The effects
GHB has sedative
properties and can
produce feelings
of euphoria.
GHB can badly
The effects have
been known to
last for a day.
burn the mouth
It is VERY DANGEROUS and can be fatal
when mixed with alcohol or other drugs.
The facts
GHB comes as a colourless liquid and is sold in small bottles
or capsules.
The liquid is measured out in capfuls and then swallowed.
GHB
has no
smell but a salty taste.
It was originally developed as an anaesthetic for use
during surgery.
GHB is a Class C drug - illegal to have, give away or sell. Class C
penalties apply - possession can get you up to two years in jail
and/or an unlimited fine. Supply can get you up to 14 years in jail
and/or an unlimited fine.
GHB is also
known as
The long-term
effects of
GHB are
not yet
fully known.
GAMMA OH
GHB (sometimes known as GBH) is
short for gammahydroxybutyrate.
The risks
23
24
HEROIN
The effects
In small doses,
heroin gives
users a sense of
warmth and
well-being.
Higher doses
can make them
drowsy and
relaxed.
(Class A)
The facts
Heroin is a painkilling drug made from
morphine which is derived from the opium
poppy.
It comes as a white powder when pure.
Street heroin is usually off-white or light
brown. It is snorted, smoked or injected.
The risks
Heroin is
a Class
A drug.
Excessive amounts can
result in
overdose, coma,
and in some cases
death.
First-time use often leads to
side-effects like
dizziness and
vomiting.
Heroin is
very addictive.
Getting the next fix can dominate a user’s life.
Tolerance develops, which means the user needs more heroin to
get the same effect.
Users who form a habit may end up taking the drug just to feel
normal. If heroin is taken with alcohol or other drugs, overdose is
much more likely.
Smoking heroin does not make the drug ‘safe’ or less addictive.
Those who start by smoking or snorting heroin sometimes switch
to injection to maximise the high.
Injecting can damage veins and leads to gangrene.
Sharing needles or syringes puts users at risk of
dangerous infections like hepatitis and HIV.
Withdrawing from heroin can be
very
hard.
Many people manage to kick
the drug, but mentally it may
take
years to
be free.
Known as brown, gear, H, horse, junk, skag, smack.
k
anaesthetic
Ketamine is a powerful drug which has been used
for operations on humans and
animals.
Ketamine comes as tablets
or as powder snorted up
the nose. Ketamine is a
prescription-only medicine.
Ketamine is a Class C drug illegal to have, give away or
sell. Class C penalties apply possession can get you up
to two years in jail and/or
an unlimited fine. Supply
can get you up to 14 years
in jail and/or an unlimited
fine.
Like LSD, the effects of ketamine
are influenced by the user’s
mood and environment.
The risks
As ketamine numbs the body, users risk serious injury
without feeling pain. The effects can be very
disorientating and this will probably be worse if the
user is already anxious or depressed.
Special
Excessive doses carry some risk of breathing problems and
heart failure. Ketamine is particularly dangerous when
mixed with depressant drugs such as alcohol,
barbiturates, tranquillisers and heroin.
The long-term effects of recreational use of ketamine are still not really known.
Known as K, special K, vitamin K
The facts
(Class C)
Ketamine has painkilling effects but
also alters perception.
Ketamine makes users feel
detached from themselves and
others around them.
This creates ‘out of body’ and
hallucinatory experiences, followed
by numbness and strange muscle
movements and possibly nausea
and vomiting. During this time,
a user may be physically unable
to move.
ampule of ketamine
k
ETAMINE
The effects
25
26
(acid)
LSD is a hallucinogenic drug
The effects
It has a powerful effect on the mind.
The effects of LSD are known as a ‘trip’ and can last as long as eight to twelve hours.
The effects can vary depending on the user’s mood, where they are and who they’re with.
Users report visual effects such as intensified colours, distorted shapes and movement
in stationary objects. Changes in the sense of time and place are also common.
[Class A]
The risks
Once
the
The facts
LSD usually comes
in tiny squares of
paper, often with
a picture on one
side. It also comes
in ‘microdot’
tablets.
The
strength
of the drug
no
trip starts, there’s way of stopping it.
A bad trip can be terrifying.
Users may feel very threatened and can forget that the drug is
responsible.It’s impossible to predict a ‘bad’ trip, but it’s more
likely to happen if the user is feeling anxious, nervous or
uncomfortable.
Users experience
trips differently
every time.
Feeling paranoid or out of control can leave
users shaken for a long time afterwards.
and effect
varies greatly.
LSD is a Class
Accidents may happen while users
are hallucinating.
Users may experience flashbacks,
where parts of a trip are briefly
re-lived some time after the event.
A drug.
LSD can complicate mental
problems, for example by
triggering a psychotic
reaction.
Known as acid, blotters, dots, microdots, tabs, trips
(chemical name: Lysergic acid diethylamide)
[Class A]
The risks
Magic mushrooms may cause stomach
pains, sickness and
The effects
Magic mushrooms have a similar
effect to LSD, but the trip is often
milder and shorter.
diarrhoea.
Magic mushrooms can make users feel
very relaxed and ‘spaced-out’. The effects
depend on the user’s mood, where they
are and who they’re with.
The greatest risk is in eating the wrong type of mushroom
and being poisoned. If users feel sick, they should
go straight to hospital with a sample of the
mushroom and explain
what’s happened.
Bad trips can happen and
can be very frightening.
Once the trip
has started,
there’s no
going back.
Like any hallucinogen,
magic mushrooms can
complicate mental
problems.
Magic mushrooms can
be confused with
some poisonous and
even deadly species.
Magic mushrooms may cause hallucinations objects, colour and sound become
distorted.
The facts
Several types of mushroom can produce hallucinations
when eaten. The most common is the Liberty
Cap which contains psilocybin.
There are also species that look
similar to magic mushrooms
but which are poisonous.
It is illegal to possess
Magic
raw magic mushrooms, mushrooms are
it is also an offence
eaten raw,
dried, cooked in
to possess any
food or stewed
preparation of them
(e.g. when they’re
dried or stewed).
into a tea.
Magic mushrooms are Class A drugs.
Known as ‘shrooms, mushies, majies
Magic mushrooms
27
n!
Methylamphetamine (commonly
referred to as methamphetamine)
is one of a group of stimulant drugs
called amphetamines that act on
the brain and nervous system.
Like cocaine and amphetamines,
methylamphetamine has stimulant
properties but is much longer
acting. The crystalline form sometimes called ‘Ice’ - like ‘crack
cocaine’ can be easily smoked
and can rapidly lead to high
blood levels.
The risks
The drug can cause a rapid heart rate and a
rise in blood pressure. The higher the dose,
the greater these effects.
There is some evidence of long-term brain
changes that may gradually improve after
sustained abstinence.
In cases of overdose - stroke, and lung,
kidney and gastrointestinal damage can
develop, and coma and death can occur.
Can be associated with injecting and with
sharing of paraphernalia with attendant
risks of HIV and hepatitis virus infections.
May increase libido and risky sexual
behaviour thereby increasing further
the risk of blood borne virus transmission
in some.
io
at
la
r
hi
ex
awake!
[Class A]
It can bring on a feeling of exhilaration and
produces increased arousal and activity levels.
People feel more awake and it suppresses
appetite.
Smoking the purer crystalline form (also known
as ‘crystal meth’ or ‘ice’) produces a very intense
‘rush’ similar to that produced by crack cocaine
but longer-lasting - between 4 and 12 hours.
RUSH
Trade names include: Ice, glass, Tina, Christine, yaba
Crystal Meth
The effects
Rush
28
(alkyl nitrites) [Restricted supply]
Poppers is a term used for the
group of chemicals known as
alkyl nitrites.
Alkyl nitrites include:
amyl nitrite, butyl
nitrite and isobutyl
nitrite.
The risks
29
Poppers come as a clear or straw-coloured liquid in
a small bottle or tube.
The vapour is
or nose.
breathed in through the mouth
Over recent years, use of poppers has become more
common in dance culture.
Amyl Nitrite is very rarely used in medicines these days
but when in a medicinal product it is controlled under
the medicines legislation. Possession is not illegal but
supply can be an offence. There have been cases where
the Medicines Act was used to fine shops for selling
them, but they are still sold as ‘Room Aromas’ or
Deodorisers in sex shops and some clubs.
The effects
Because the drug reduces blood
pressure, taking alkyl nitrites is
very dangerous for people with
Users get a very brief but
intense ‘head-rush’.
This is caused by a
sudden surge of
blood through the
heart and brain.
Blood vessels dilate
(enlarge), resulting in
a flushed face and
neck. Some users
say they experience the
impression of time
Poppers may be fatal if swallowed.
The effects last two to
five minutes after use.
Can make some people
feel faint and sick,
especially when taken
while dancing.
Users often experience a
headache afterwards.
Regular use causes skin
problems around the
mouth and nose.
anaemia, glaucoma and
breathing or heart problems.
slowing D O W N .
Trade names include: Ram, Kix, TNT, Liquid Gold.
POPPERS
The facts
HEAD Rush
30
Volatile Substances Abusing gases, glues or aerosols can lead to nausea,
Solvents
(Illegal to sell to under-18s
when abuse is suspected)
vomiting, black-outs and fatal heart problems.
The facts
Volatile Substances are sniffed or
breathed into the lungs.
It is illegal for shopkeepers to sell to under-18s,
or to people acting for them, if they suspect the
product is intended for abuse.
The effects
Users feel thick-headed, dizzy, giggly
and dreamy. They may also
hallucinate (see or hear
things which aren’t real).
The effects disappear after fifteen
to forty-five minutes.
Afterwards, users feel drowsy and
The risks
The greatest danger
with Volatile
Substance Abuse is
that death can occur
the first time a person
‘sniffs’.
Squirting the stuff
down the throat may
cause the body to
produce fluid that
These substances
are found in:
lighter gas refills
and fuel canisters,
aerosols
containing
products such as
hairspray,
deodorants and
air fresheners,
tins or tubes of
glue, some paints,
thinners and
correcting fluids.
floods the lungs.
This can
be fatal.
may suffer a ‘hangover’ effect.
Accidents can happen when the user is high because
their senses are affected.
There is risk of suffocation if the substance is
inhaled from a plastic bag over the head.
Heavy
Heavy regular
regular use
use can
can damage
damage the
the brain,
brain, liver
liver and
and kidneys.
kidneys.
Sniffing gases, glues
or aerosols KILLS
one person every
week, in the UK.
Speed
The RISKS
The comedown (tiredness and
depression) lasts for one or two days and
sometimes longer. Sleep, memory and
concentration are all affected in the short-term.
High doses repeated over a few days may cause
panic, hyperactivity and paranoia.
Regular heavy use often leads to
lack of APPETITE and sleep and
lowers resistance to disease.
Long-term users may become dependent on the
buzz speed gives them. Tolerance can develop,
which means the user needs more to get the
same effect.
Long-term use puts a
strain on the heart.
Overdose can be fatal.
Use of speed can lead to mental illness such as
psychosis.
Injecting amphetamine is particularly
dangerous because the strength and purity
of the street powder is
unknown.
amphetamines
CLASS B
The facts
31
Known as
Amphetamines are synthetic
stimulants. They usually come
in a grey or white powder,
or sometimes in tablet form.
speed
Speed can be snorted,
swallowed, smoked,
injected or dissolved
in a drink.
whizz
Speed is the most impure illegal
drug in the UK - the purity of
street powders is less than
10 per cent.
Amphetamines are Class B drugs
(but carry Class A penalties if
prepared for injection).
uppers
amph
billy
The effects
Speed is a stimulant
It quickens the heart beat and breathing rate
and intensifies emotions.
sulphate
Users may feel confident and energetic.
Some people also become tense and irritable
and experience mood swings and depression.
Speed suppresses the appetite, but doesn’t
satisfy the body’s need for nourishment.
32
TOBACCO
[Illegal to sell to under-18s]
The risks
Most smokers
wish they’d never
started.
But this isn’t easy - most
people who smoke become
dependent and feel
restless and anxious if
they try to stop.
Smoking is expensive.
Ten cigarettes a day will
cost upwards of £500 a year.
Regular long-term smoking
greatly increases the risk
of a number of serious
diseases including lung
and other cancers, heart
disease, bronchitis, bad
circulation and ulcers.
Breathing in other people’s smoke
(second-hand smoking) can cause
breathing difficulties,
asthma and even cancer.
It is estimated that
The facts
the effects
Nicotine
is a powerful and
fast-acting
stimulant drug
which is used to
relieve stress and
anxiety. When smoke
is inhaled, the effects
of nicotine hit the
brain about eight
seconds later. Nicotine
speeds up the
heart rate and
increases blood
pressure.
First-time users may
feel sick
and dizzy.
Smoking causes around 6,000
Tobacco is the dried leaf of
the tobacco plant which is
usually sold in the form of
cigarettes. Cigars are made
from stronger, darker
tobacco which can
also be smoked in
a pipe.
Tobacco
contains
a drug
called
nicotine
which is
very
addictive.
It is illegal for shopkeepers
to sell tobacco products
to under-18s.
People who quit smoking
notice a real improvement in
their health. For friendly,
practical help and advice on
stopping smoking ring
Smokers Helpline Wales
free on 0800 169 0169
premature deaths in Wales each year.
33
Class C
Known as
benzos, tranx.
Temazepam (mazzies) is known as
green eggs, jellies, tems or yellow eggs. Trade names
include Ativan, Mogadon (moggies) and
Valium.
The effects
In small doses, tranquillisers relieve tension and anxiety.
Higher doses can make users
drowsy and forgetful.
The facts
Tranquillisers are prescribed by GPs as short-term treatment for
depression, stress and sleep problems.
They are misused by some people to counter the effects of stimulant
drugs, or taken in
combination with alcohol or
heroin.
Tranquillisers can be supplied lawfully only by a
pharmacist to someone with a doctor’s prescription.
Tranquilisers (such as Rohypnol) are a Class C drug - illegal to have (unless
they have been prescribed for you by a doctor), give away or sell. Possession
without a prescription can get you up to two years in jail and/or an unlimited
fine. Supply can get you up to 14 years in jail and/or an unlimited fine.
THE RISKS
Tranquillisers slow down reactions,
making accidents more likely.
They are very dangerous if mixed
with alcohol because of the risk
of a fatal overdose.
Tolerance can develop. Users can
become dependent, especially
if they rely on the drug to calm
them or help them to sleep.
Users trying to quit may suffer
panic attacks. Sudden withdrawal
from very high doses can be
dangerous and result in confusion
and serious convulsions.
Injecting crushed tablets
or the contents of capsules
is VERY DANGEROUS and
can be lethal.
34
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