Welcome to 3.091
Lecture 35
December 9, 2009
Binary Phase Diagrams: Limited Solubility
Typical Physical Properties of Coolant Compounds
Property
Auto Applications
Water
Methyl Alcohol
Ethylene Glycol
Specific gravity 20/20oC
1.00
0.7924
1.1155
Specific heat, 25oC cal/(g) (oC)
0.99765
0.600 (20oC)
0.574
Freezing point, oC pure
0
-97.7
-13.3
Freezing point, 50%
water solution (ºC pure)
......
-44.5
-36.6
Boiling point, oC
100
64.5
197.3
Vapor pressure, 20oC mm Hg
17.535
96.1
0.12
Flash point, open-cup oC
......
15.6
115.6
Viscosity, 20oC, cP
1.01
0.59
20.9
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
Comparative Phase Diagram for KCl, NaCl, and CaCl2
80
60
Temperature, oC
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
20
40
60
Weight %
KCl
NaCl
CaCl2
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.
© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.
© Cengage Learning/PWS-Kent (Karen ). All rights reserved.
This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license.
For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.
Source: Fig. 10-6 in Askeland, Donald R. The Science and
Engineering of Materials. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS-Kent, 1989.
Courtesy of John Wiley & Sons. Used with
permission. Fig. 9.14 in Callister, Materials
Science and Engineering, 6th Edition. John
Wiley and Sons, 2002.
50 wt% Sn - 50 wt % Pb
Primary
Pb - rich α
Sn - rich β
Pb - rich α
cut, polish, etch
Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 9: Metallography and
Microstructures. Reprinted with permission of ASM International® .
Courtesy of John Wiley & Sons. Used with
permission. Fig. 9.14 in Callister, Materials
Science and Engineering, 6th Edition. John
Wiley and Sons, 2002.
Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams.
Reprinted with permission of ASM International®.
Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams.
Reprinted with permission of ASM International®.
Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams.
Reprinted with permission of ASM International®.
Nicole Barbe Ponsardin
(1777-1866)
-1798 married François Clicquot
- widowed at age 27 & took control of the winery
bold, imaginative management
1
2
3
4
5
6
marketing champagne to all the great
courts of Europe: mythmaking
bought land in the best vineyards
fought fiercely against counterfeiting
established strict quality control procedures
produced the first rosé champange
oversaw invention of new technology:
remuage (riddling)
Problem:
champagne is cloudy -- how to clarify without
losing the sparkle?
a little chemistry....
sugar + yeast
alcohol + CO2
grape juice grape skin
byproducts include sundry insolubles,
sedimentary & suspended
removal
mechanical
treatments
(siphon)
chemical
(coagulants)
won't work for champagne!
Fb
αr2
Fg
αr3
at small r, r2 > r3
© source unknown. All rights
reserved. This content is excluded
from our Creative Commons license.
For more information,
see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.
© source unknown. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.
Invention of Mme. Clicquot
1
invert bottle in order to collect sediment
at the top
o, turn
to
assist
with
angle
the
bottle
at
45
1
2
periodically (remuage/riddling)*
3
to contain the lees freeze a plug of ice in bottle
neck at time of disgorgement
two binary systems intersecting:
salt - water & ethanol - water
* motorized riddling: Gyropalette/VLM
Tuesday, 15 December, 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
 no headphones, no audio
January 4
some personal observations
That’s all, Folks!
Happy Holidays
MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu
3.091SC Introduction to Solid State Chemistry
Fall 2009
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.