Inshore trawl survey of Canterbury Bight and Pegasus Bay,
May–June 2009 (KAH0905)
1
M. P. Beentjes
2
W. S. Lyon
3
M. L. Stevenson
1
NIWA
P O Box 6414
Dunedin 9059
2
NIWA
Private Bag 14901
Wellington 6241
3
NIWA
P O Box 893
Nelson 7040
New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2010/29
September 2010
Published by Ministry of Fisheries
Wellington
2010
ISSN 1175-1584 (print)
ISSN 1179-5352 (online)
©
Ministry of Fisheries
2010
Beentjes, M.P.; Lyon, W.S.; Stevenson, M.L. (2010).
Inshore trawl survey of Canterbury Bight and Pegasus Bay, May–June 2009 (KAH0905).
.New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2010/29.
This series continues the informal
New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Research Document series
which ceased at the end of 1999.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Beentjes, M.P.; Lyon, W.S.; Stevenson, M.L. (2010). Inshore trawl survey of Canterbury Bight
and Pegasus Bay, May–June 2009 (KAH0905).
New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2010/29.
In May–June 2009 a bottom trawl survey of the east coast South Island (ECSI) in 30–400 m was
carried out using R.V. Kaharoa (KAH0905) to provide information on various inshore species. This
survey represents the eighth survey in the winter time series (1991–94, 1996, 2007–2009). A
supplementary survey was also carried out in 10–30 m.
The main survey in 30–400 m was a stratified random trawl survey with a two-phase design optimised
for the following target species: dark ghost shark, giant stargazer, red cod, sea perch, spiny dogfish,
and tarakihi. A total of 87 successful stations (74 phase 1 and 13 phase 2) was completed from 17 strata,
using a 60 mm mesh codend. Biomass estimates (t) and coefficients of variation (%) for the target
species were dark ghost shark 4329 t (24%), giant stargazer 475 t (15%), red cod 1871 t (40%), sea
perch 1444 t (25%), spiny dogfish 25 311 t (31%), and tarakihi 1519 (36%). These c.v.s were within
the specified range for dark ghost shark and giant stargazer, but exceeded by 5% for sea perch and
tarakihi, 9% for spiny dogfish, and 15% for red cod.
Dorsal spines were collected for spiny dogfish (768) and dark ghost shark (369), and otoliths for red cod
(401), tarakihi (293), sea perch (437), and giant stargazer (328). A total of 108 rough skate, 34 smooth
skate, 28 school shark, and 12 rig were tagged, length and weight recorded, and released during the
survey.
Macro-invertebrates collected on the survey were identified to species level, where possible, and a
complete qualitative list presented.
For each of the six target species the following key variables are presented: strata catch rates, strata
biomass, total biomass, pre-recruited and recruited biomass, juvenile and adult biomass (based on length
at 50% maturity), station occurrence, proportion of all species total catch, spatial distribution, length
distribution by depth range, and gonad stages. For the key non-target species (i.e., species within the
QMS and selected non-QMS species) the following variables are presented: strata catch rates, strata
biomass, total biomass, recruited biomass, spatial distribution, and length distribution for all depths
combined.
Total biomass, pre-recruited and recruited biomass, juvenile and adult biomass (based on length-at-50%
maturity), occurrence, spatial distribution, length distribution and proportion of all species total catch are
presented for each survey (1991–94, 1996, 2007–2009) for each of the six target species.
In the supplementary survey in 10–30 m, 6 of 12 allocated stations were successfully completed from
three of the four designated strata (18–20) using a 60 mm mesh codend. This survey was not completed
because of time constraints.
3
1.
INTRODUCTION
We report the findings of the 2009 east coast South Island (ECSI) bottom trawl survey in May–June
2009 using R.V. Kaharoa (KAH0806) in 30–400 m. This survey represents the eighth in the winter
time series. Previous surveys were carried out in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2007, and 2008
(Beentjes & Wass 1994, Beentjes 1995a, 1995b, 1998a, 1998b, Beentjes & Stevenson 2008, 2009).
The 2007 survey marked the reinstatement of the winter survey time series which was discontinued
after 1996. This time series was reviewed by Beentjes & Stevenson (2000). The 2007, 2008, and 2009
surveys also included additional survey strata in 10–30 m.
1.1
Background to east coast South Island inshore trawl surveys
The ECSI winter trawl survey time series was discontinued after the 1996 survey and replaced by a
summer time series (five surveys from 1996 to 2000) (Beentjes & Stevenson 2001). The summer trawl
surveys used a finer codend mesh (28 mm) to sample pre-recruit red cod, and the minimum depth
range was reduced to 10 m to include the distribution of red gurnard and elephantfish. The summer
time series was reviewed by Beentjes & Stevenson (2001).
The summer time series was discontinued after 2000 because of the extreme fluctuations in
catchability between surveys (Francis et al. 2001). The biomass estimates for the target species were
not providing reliable abundance indices, some of which were incorporated in the ‘Decision Rules’ for
AMP species such as giant stargazer (STA 3), elephantfish (ELE 3), and red gurnard (GUR 3)
(Ministry of Fisheries 2006). With the discontinuation of both the winter and summer surveys there
was no means of effectively monitoring many of the commercial ECSI inshore fish stocks. Further,
since 1996, several new species had been introduced into the QMS (e.g., skates, dark ghost shark, sea
perch, and spiny dogfish). ECSI surveys also provide a useful comparison with Chatham Rise and subAntarctic middle depth trawl surveys because many of the species found on the ECSI tend to be
smaller than elsewhere, indicating that this may be an important nursery ground (Beentjes et al. 2004).
A workshop, held in May 2005, to discuss ways of monitoring inshore species concluded that
reinstating the winter survey time series would be the best way to monitor long-term trends in
abundance, but the minimum depth of 30 m should be reduced to 10 m to improve sampling of various
species.
1.2
Elasmobranch tagging
Trawl surveys provide a relatively inexpensive opportunity to tag elasmobranchs, and recaptures
should provide information on movement patterns, stock structure, and growth. The survey aimed to
tag rough skate, smooth skate, school shark, and rig.
Two species of skate are commonly caught on the ECSI surveys; the rough skate (Zearaja nasuta)
more common inshore, and the larger smooth skate (Dipturus innominatus), more common in deeper
water. There is very little known about the biological stocks of either species, and hence a tagging
programme should provide information on movements, home range, and possibly growth.
New Zealand school shark are assumed to comprise a single biological stock (Ministry of Fisheries
2008b). School shark tend to be more common in water less than 200 m deep and also move inshore
during summer to pup. Tagging school shark during the east coast South Island trawl survey
complements a similar programme on the west coast as part of the west coast South Island (WCSI)
trawl survey, and also the long-term opportunistic tagging of school shark that has occurred from most
inshore research trawl surveys dating back to 1985 (Hurst et al. 1999). From 1985 to 1997 nearly 4000
school shark were tagged, with 207 recaptures. Results indicated that about half of the school sharks
4
were recaptured within the same QMA in which they were tagged, but this proportion declined over
time (Hurst et al. 1999). A significant number (23%) were recaptured in Australia. A recent review of
tagging data by Francis (2010) updates the number of NIWA tagged school shark to 4506 and
recaptures at 320, and the conclusions on movement are generally consistent, with the results of Hurst
et al. (1999).
Like school shark, rig tend to be more common in shallow water (under 200 m) and also move inshore
during summer to pup. Although there may have been the occasional opportunistic tagging of rig
during research trawl surveys, there has only been one directed rig tagging programme between 1978
and 1985 (Francis 1988). Analyses of these data suggested limited movement compared to school
shark, and evidence to suggest separate east and west coast South Island stocks (Francis 1988).
Including some additional tagging from 1986 to 1988, there have been 2386 rig tagged from
commercial set nets and research trawls, mainly around the South Island, with about 437 recaptures
(Francis 2010). In a review of all data, Francis (2010) showed that recaptures of males were made
predominantly within the QMA in which they were tagged. Females, however, are more mobile with
about 30% moving outside the tagging QMA within 2–5 years, but mostly to adjacent QMAs.
Tagging rig on the east coast South Island trawl surveys since 2007 complements a similar programme
as part of the west coast South Island trawl surveys, and also the earlier tagging study of Francis
(1988).
1.3
Giant stargazer tagging
A further objective of the 2007 and 2008 ECSI trawl surveys was to tag, mark with oxytetracycline,
and release giant stargazer. The purpose was to validate the annual deposition of growth zones on
otoliths, and secondarily to gather information on growth and movement. The true stock structure of
giant stargazer in New Zealand waters is unknown (Ministry of Fisheries 2008a). This objective was
removed from the 2009 survey because of the lack of recaptures and the potential loss of information
on sex and age from stargazer that are tagged and released.
1.4
Objectives
Overall objective
To determine the relative abundance and distribution of inshore finfish species off the east coast of the
South Island in 2008 and 2009, focusing on red cod (Pseudophycis bachus), giant stargazer
(Kathetostoma giganteum), sea perch (Helicolenus percoides), tarakihi (Nemadactylus macropterus),
spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthius), and dark ghost shark (Hydrolagus novaezelandiae).
Specific objectives
1. To determine the relative abundance and distribution of red cod, stargazer, sea perch, tarakihi,
spiny dogfish, and dark ghost shark off the east coast of the South Island from Shag Point to
Waiau River by carrying out a trawl survey over the depth range 10 to 400 m. The target
coefficients of variation (c.v.s) of the biomass estimates for these species are as follows: red cod
(20–25%), sea perch (20%), giant stargazer (20%), tarakihi (20–30%), spiny dogfish (20%) and
dark ghost shark (20–30%).
2. To collect the data and determine the length frequency, length-weight relationship and
reproductive condition of red cod, giant stargazer, sea perch, tarakihi, spiny dogfish and dark ghost
shark.
3. To collect otoliths from red cod, giant stargazer, sea perch, and tarakihi; and spines from spiny
dogfish.
5
4. To collect the data to determine the length frequencies and catch weight of all other Quota
Management System (QMS) species.
5. To tag and release live skate, rig, and school shark.
6. To tag and inject giant stargazer with oxytetracycline to validate growth zones in the otoliths
(objective removed for the 2009 survey).
7. To identify benthic macro-invertebrates collected during the trawl survey.
Note that although the overall objective covers both the 2008 and 2009 surveys, the specific objectives
refer only to the 2009 survey.
2.
2.1
METHODS
Survey area and design
30–400 m depth range
The 2009 survey (KAH0905) in the 30–400 m depth range covered the same area as the previous
winter surveys, extending from the Waiau River in the north to Shag Point in the south. The survey
area of 23 357 km2, including untrawlable (foul) ground, was divided into 17 strata, identical to those
used in the last four winter surveys (1994, 1996, 2007, and 2008) (Figure 1, Table 1). Nine strata were
used in the first three winter surveys (1991, 1992, and 1993), and these were subdivided into 17 strata
in 1994 to reduce c.v.s for the target species red cod, as well other the other important commercial
species (barracouta, dark ghost shark, giant stargazer, red gurnard, rig, spiny dogfish, sea perch,
tarakihi). These strata subdivisions were made across depth (i.e., perpendicular to the coastline) and
there were no changes to strata depth ranges or of the total survey area (see strata boundaries in
Beentjes 1998a). The strata subdivisions were designed to improve precision of biomass estimates and
will not have compromised integrity of the survey time series.
To determine the theoretical number of stations required in each of the 17 strata to achieve the
required c.v. for the target species, simulations using NIWA’s Optimal Station Allocation Programme
were carried out using catch rates for the six target species from all seven previous winter surveys. For
those surveys before 1994 that used nine strata, the stations were assigned to the equivalent strata used
from 1994 onward. Simulations using the minimum and maximum of the c.v. range and requiring a
minimum of three stations per stratum were carried out. The results indicated that to achieve the lower
range c.v.s, 108 stations were required in the 30–400 m depth.
Consistent with previous winter surveys, a two-phase random stratified station survey design was used.
This design has a better chance of achieving the target c.v.s, especially when species distributions
change. Sufficient trawl stations to cover both first and second phase stations were generated for each
stratum using the computer program Rand_stn v2.1, with the constraint that stations were at least 3 n.
miles apart. We initially allocated 80% (N = 86) of the 108 stations to phase 1 with a minimum of 3
stations and a maximum of 10 stations per stratum, with the assumption that there would be sufficient
time to carry out the 108 stations. A weighted allocation was then applied on the basis of species
priority (in consultation with MFish), where the order in decreasing importance was tarakihi,
stargazer, sea perch, red cod, dark ghost shark, and spiny dogfish. Allocation of phase 1 took into
account the spatial distribution and biomass of the key species over the previous seven winter surveys.
Phase 2 stations were allocated to strata with the highest variance for each species on the 2009 survey,
where the c.v. was above the required target c.v., also based on this species priority.
6
10–30 m depth range
The extension of the winter surveys into 10 m from 2007, in effect constituted a new survey in 10–
30 m, and in terms of biomass estimates, is treated as an adjunct to the existing survey time series in
30 to 400 m. This is necessary because calculation of relative total biomass of the ECSI for each
species is proportional to the survey area, and increasing the total area surveyed during the time series
introduces additional biomass to the estimates. Further, a smaller 28 mm codend was used in the
shallow depth range in 2007 and 2008 (compared with 60 mm in 30–400 m).
The survey area of 3577 km2, including untrawlable (foul) ground, was divided into four strata,
identical to those used in the ECSI summer surveys (Figure 1, Table 1). Station allocation in the 10–30
m survey was not optimised, but 3 stations were nominally allocated in each of the four strata,
resulting in 12 stations. Time constraints on the survey and the large number of target species
prevented allocation of more stations and/or a phase 2 component. The 10–30 m survey was given a
lower priority than the 30–400 m survey.
2.2
Vessel and gear
The vessel and trawl gear specifications were the same as for all previous ECSI winter surveys. R.V.
Kaharoa is a 28 m stern trawler with a beam of 8.2 m, displacement of 302 t, and engine power of
522 kW. Kaharoa is capable of trawling to depths of about 500 m. The two-panel ‘Alfredo’ design net
was constructed in 1991, specifically for the South Island trawl surveys; there are two nets (A and B),
complete with ground rope and flotation. The nets fish hard down and achieve a headline height of
about 4–5 m. Rectangular ‘V’ trawl doors fitted with Scanmar sensors were used. For the 10–30 m and
30–400 m depth ranges in 2009, the 60 mm (knotless) codend mesh was used. On the 2007 and 2008
surveys a 28 mm codend mesh was used for the 10–30 m tows, However, because there was no
observable difference in the size of fish caught using 60 mm or 28 mm codend on these surveys, and
the time required to changed nets, after consultation with the Southern Inshore Working Group, the 60
mm codend mesh was used for all depths in 2009. A bottom contact sensor was deployed on the
ground rope, and a net sonde monitor (CN22) and Seabird CTD datalogger were attached to the
headline to measure headline height and water temperature on all tows. All trawl gear was overhauled
and specifications checked before the 2009 survey. Gear specifications are documented in Appendix 1.
2.3
Timetable
R.V. Kaharoa departed Wellington on 3 May 2009 and trawling began on 4 May, north of Banks
Peninsula in stratum 13, moving progressively south until all phase 1 tows (30–400 m) in and around
Banks Peninsula had been completed (Figure 1). At this stage stratum 18 (10–30 m) was also
surveyed. Catch was initially landed into Lyttelton, but once the survey was south of Banks Peninsula
catches were landed into Timaru. The first leg was completed on 19 May when the vessel discharged
fish at Timaru and there was a change of scientific staff. Of the three 10–30 m strata (19, 20, and 21)
south of Banks Peninsula only three of the nine planned stations were completed because of time
constraints (1 in stratum 19, 2 in stratum 20, and none in stratum 21). The survey was completed on 5
June and the vessel steamed to Wellington, arriving on 6 June 2009.
2.4
Trawling procedure
Trawling procedures adhered strictly to those documented by Stevenson & Hanchet (1999) and to the
protocols from previous surveys in the time series. All tows were carried out in daylight (shooting and
hauling) between 0730 and 1700 hours NZST. Tows were initially 1 hour long at a speed of 3.0 knots
over the ground, and tow length was about 3 n. miles. The minimum acceptable tow length was about
7
1.5 n. miles. Timing began when the net reached the bottom and settled, as indicated by the net
monitor, and finished when hauling began. In some strata, large catches of dogfish made tows
increasingly unmanageable and the standard towing time was reduced, usually to about 40 min.
Standardised optimal warp/depth ratio for different depths was strictly adhered to (Appendix 1). Tow
direction was generally along depth contours and/or towards the nearest random station position, but
was also dependent on wind direction and bathymetry. Some tow paths, particularly those on the slope
in 200–400 m, were surveyed before towing to ensure that it was acceptable, both in depth and
trawlable bathymetry. When untrawlable ground was encountered, an area within a 2 n. mile radius of
the station was searched for suitable ground. If no suitable ground was found within that radius, the
next alternative random station was selected. At the end of the tow, immediately after the gear came on
deck, the ground contact sensor data files were downloaded into Boxcar, a dedicated computer
program that is used to monitor gear-bottom contact.
Doorspread (Scanmar monitor) and headline height (net sonde sensors) were measured continuously
during the tow and the signals transmitted remotely to the ship. Both parameters were recorded at 10–
15 minute intervals, and averaged over the tow.
A CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) monitor was attached to the headline and the data were
downloaded at the end of the tow into Seabird, a dedicated computer program written for CTD data.
Bottom and surface water temperatures were taken from the CTD data. Surface temperatures were
taken at a depth of 5 m and bottom temperatures about 5 m above the sea floor because the CTD is
attached to the net just behind the headline.
2.5
Catch and biological sampling
The catch from each tow was sorted by species, boxed, and weighed on motion-compensating 100 kg
Seaway scales to the nearest 0.1 kg. Length, to the nearest centimetre below actual length, and sex were
recorded for all QMS and selected non-QMS species, either for the whole catch or, for larger catches, on
a subsample of about 100 randomly selected fish.
For each tow, biological information was obtained from a random sample of up to 20 fish for target
species red cod, giant stargazer, sea perch, tarakihi, spiny dogfish, and dark ghost shark during which the
following records or samples were taken: sex, length to the nearest centimetre below actual length,
individual fish weight to the nearest 5 g (using motion-compensating 5 kg Seaway scales), otoliths and
gonad stage of finfish (standard five–stage method), and dorsal spines of sharks.
Gonad stages used were: 1, immature or resting; 2, maturing (oocytes visible in females, thickening
gonad but no milt expressible in males); 3, mature (hyaline oocytes in females, milt expressible in
males); 4, running ripe (eggs and milt free flowing); 5, spent (gonads flaccid and bloodshot).
For each of the target species red cod, sea perch, tarakihi, and stargazer a maximum of five sagittal
otoliths per centimetre size class per sex were removed. Otoliths were stored clean and dry in small
paper envelopes marked with the survey trip code, species, fish number, length, and sex. After the
survey, otoliths were catalogued and stored at NIWA, Greta Point.
Spiny dogfish spines were excised from the second dorsal fin and dark ghost shark spines from the
first dorsal fin, ensuring that the spine was removed from about 1 cm beneath the skin. We aimed to
collect five spines per centimetre size class for each sex. Spiny dogfish spines were placed into plastic
vials and filled with 70% ethanol, and dark ghost shark spines were placed into zip-lock plastic bags
and frozen with details of station number, fish length, and sex. After the survey, spines were
catalogued and stored at NIWA, Greta Point.
8
If present, macro-invertebrates were collected and preserved for later identification at Greta Point
laboratories to the lowest possible taxonomic level.
All catch, biological, and length frequency data were entered into the trawl database after the survey
was completed.
2.6
Tagging procedures
As soon as the catch was on deck, it was immediately searched for the tagging candidate species rough
skate, smooth skate, school shark, and rig. Sharks in a lively condition were placed into a 700 l Dolav
box pallet tank supplied with running sea water and aeration to facilitate recovery. Once recovered,
skates, school shark, and rig were individually removed from the tank, tagged using a single small dart
tag (Hallprint, Australia), and carefully released. Length, weight, sex, and release position (tow
number) were recorded.
Following the completion of the survey, all tagging details were entered into the tag database at
NIWA, Greta Point.
2.7
2.7.1
Analysis of data
2009 survey
Relative biomass was estimated by the area-swept method described by Francis (1981, 1989) using the
Trawlsurvey Analysis Program (Vignaux 1994). All tows for which the gear performance was
satisfactory (code 1 or 2) were used for biomass estimation. Biomass estimates assume that: the area
swept on each tow equals the distance between the doors multiplied by the distance towed; all fish
within the area swept are caught and there is no escapement; all fish in the water column are below the
headline height and available to the net; there are no target species outside the survey area; and fish
distribution over foul ground is the same as that over trawlable ground.
Coefficients of variation (c.v.) were calculated as follows:
c.v. (%) = SB / B x 100
where SB is the standard deviation of the biomass (B).
For the 10–30 m and 30–400 m surveys, biomass, catch rates, and length frequency were analysed
separately. A combined biomass and length frequency analysis was used for deriving scaled length
frequency distributions and biomass estimates. All length frequencies were scaled by the percentage of
catch sampled, area swept, and stratum area. Biomass estimates included total, male, and female
biomass for target and important QMS species, recruited biomass for the target species and selected
QMS species, pre-recruited biomass for the target species, and immature and mature biomass for the
target species.
Catch rates (kg per square km) for the target and main QMS species were tabulated by stratum and
plotted for each tow to show areas of relative density throughout the survey area. Total biomass by
stratum was also tabulated for the target and main QMS species.
Scaled length frequency distributions are plotted for the target species and main QMS species, and also
by depth range for the target species.
9
Length-weight coefficients were determined for the target species red cod, giant stargazer, sea perch,
tarakihi, spiny dogfish, and dark ghost shark, and also rig, rough skate, school shark, and smooth skate.
Coefficients were determined by regressing natural log weight against natural log length (W=aLb).
These length weight coefficients were used to scale length frequencies, and potentially to calculate
recruited and pre-recruited biomass. For other species, the most appropriate length weight coefficients
in the trawl database were used.
2.7.2
Time series analyses
For the target species only, catch rates for each of the eight winter surveys are plotted over the survey
strata area map to show temporal and spatial patterns in distribution.
Time series of total, pre-recruited, and recruited biomass are tabulated and plotted to show temporal
trends. Target species size at recruitment to the fishery were presumed to be: GSH, 55 cm; RCO,
40 cm; STA, 30 cm; SPD, 50 cm; SPE, 20 cm; TAR, 25 cm.
Biomass estimates for all species reported in the standalone winter trawl survey reports for 1991 to
1994 (Beentjes & Wass 1994, Beentjes 1995a, 1995b, 1998b) differ from those shown in the review of
the time series (Beentjes & Stevenson 2000) and in this report because doorspread was not measured
on those surveys and was assumed to be 79 m for all tows. The biomass estimates from these surveys
were later recalculated using the relationship between doorspread (measured using Scanmar) and depth
determined by Drummond & Stevenson (1996). Scanmar was subsequently used on the 1996, 2007,
2008, and 2009 surveys where doorspread was measured directly.
Time series of biomass equal to and above length-at-50% maturity, and below length-at-50% maturity,
are also tabulated and plotted for the target species. The lengths-at-50% maturity were taken from
Hurst et al. (2000) for all target species except sea perch, where it was not given. Hurst et al. (2000)
averaged the size at maturity between males and females for the teleosts because they are similar, but
for the elasmobranchs, where it varies more than 10 cm between sexes, values are provided for both
males and females. Hence we estimated teleost 50% maturity biomass for RCO, STA, and TAR for
males and females combined, but for males and females separately for GSH and SPD. The cut-off
lengths used were: RCO, 51 cm; STA, 45 cm; TAR, 31 cm; GSH males 52 cm , females 62 cm; SPD
males 58 cm, females 72 cm.
For sea perch, length-at-50% maturity was estimated from the cumulative length frequencies of all the
mature stages from the 2008 survey. Size corresponding to the 50% cumulative distribution was taken
as the 50% maturity value. The values were 25.5 cm for males and 26 cm for females, and therefore 26
cm was used for both sexes combined.
The percent occurrence or proportion of tows with non-zero catch of each target species was tabulated
for each survey. Similarly the catch of each target species as a percent of the catch of all species from
each survey was tabulated.
For the target species only, length frequencies in 30–400 m for each of the eight winter surveys are
plotted together to show temporal patterns in size distribution.
3.
3.1
RESULTS
Trawling details
In 30–400 m (strata 1–17), 87 tows were carried out and all were used in length frequency and biomass
estimation (Table 1, Appendix 2). Of the 87 successful stations 74 were phase one and 13 phase two.
Phase two stations were allocated to strata 8, 13, and 14 to reduce c.v.s for sea perch, tarakihi, and red
10
cod respectively (Table 1). Time constraints prevented the allocation of more phase 2 stations aimed at
reducing the c.v. for spiny dogfish. The survey covered the same total area as the previous winter
surveys with at least three successful stations completed in each of the 17 strata (Table 1, Appendix 2).
Station density ranged from 1 station per 46 km2 in stratum 14 to 1 station per 791 km2 in stratum 6,
with an overall average density of 1 station per 268 km2 (Table 1). Trawlable ground represented 91%
of the total survey area. Station positions and tow numbers are plotted in Figure 2 and individual
station data tabulated in Appendix 2.
In 10–30 m (strata 18–21), stratum 18 had the three allocated tows completed (Table 1, Appendix 2), but
because of time constraints, only two tows were completed in stratum 19, one in stratum 20, and none in
stratum 21. Trawlable ground represented 97% of the total survey area of the four strata. Station
positions and tow numbers are shown in Figure 2 and individual station data in Appendix 2.
Monitoring of headline height and doorspread, observations that the doors and trawl gear were polishing
well, and information from the ground contact sensors, indicated that the gear was fishing hard down and
efficiently throughout the survey. For the depth range 30–400 m, means for doorspread, headline
height, distance towed, and warp to depth ratio were 82.6 m, 5.1 m, 2.9 n. miles, and 3.2:1,
respectively (Appendix 3). Net-A was used on tows 1–58, but was changed to net-B on tows 59–93,
because of damage to the ground rope of Net-A.
3.2 Water temperatures
Surface and bottom temperatures for each station are shown in Appendix 2. Problems with the CTD
resulted in missing temperatures for several stations.
3.3
Catch composition
30–400 m depth range
The total catch from the survey in 30–400 m depth range was 127.5 t from the 87 biomass tows.
Catches were highly variable, ranging from 96.2 to 7737.2 kg per tow, with an average of 1403.7 kg.
Vertebrate fish species caught included 1 agnathan, 14 chondrichthyans, and 60 teleosts. There were
also many invertebrate species caught including octopus and two squid species. Catch weights, percent
catch, occurrence, and depth range of all species identified during the survey are given in Appendix 4.
The catches were dominated by barracouta and spiny dogfish and with catches of 39 t and 31 t,
representing 31% and 24%, respectively, of the total catch. These two species, and the next five most
abundant species, dark ghost shark, red cod, sea perch, two-saddle rattail, and hoki, made up 83% of
the total catch (Appendix 4). The percent of the catch represented by the six target species was as
follows: dark ghost shark 10%; giant stargazer 1%; red cod 9%; sea perch 3%; spiny dogfish 24%;
tarakihi 2%, making a combined total of 49%. Spiny dogfish was caught in every tow and barracouta
in 87% of tows. Other non-target species commonly caught included arrow squid (90% of tows), witch
(91% of tows), and carpet shark (85% of tows) (Appendix 4).
Invertebrate species from the catch identified after the survey are given in Appendix 5.
10–30 m depth range
The total catch from the survey in the 10–30 m depth range was 3 t from six biomass tows. Catches in
10–30 m ranged from 187.2. kg to 1684.6 kg per tow, with an average of 500.1 kg Thirty vertebrate
fish species were identified (7 chondrichthyans and 23 teleosts), as well as squid. Catch weights,
percent catch, occurrence, and depth range of all species in 10–30 m are given in Appendix 4. The
catches were dominated by barracouta and spiny dogfish, representing 46% and 21% of the total catch
11
respectively. These two species, and the next five most abundant species, red cod, elephantfish (7%),
rough skate, red gurnard (4%), and sandflounder made up 96% of the total catch (Appendix 4). The
percent of the catch represented by the six target species was as follows: spiny dogfish 21%; tarakihi
0%; red cod 10%; dark ghost shark 0%; giant stargazer 0%; and sea perch 0%, making a combined
total of 31%.
Invertebrate species from the catch identified after the survey are given in Appendix 5.
3.4
Biomass estimates
30–400 m depth range
Biomass estimates and c.v.s for the 20 most abundant commercial species in 30–400 m, including the
target species, are given in Table 2. Of the target species, spiny dogfish had by far the largest biomass
at 25 311 t, followed by dark ghost shark (4329 t), red cod (1871 t), sea perch (1444 t), tarakihi
(1519 t), and giant stargazer (475 t). Coefficients of variation for the target species were spiny dogfish
31%, dark ghost shark 24%, tarakihi 36%, sea perch 25%, red cod 40%, and giant stargazer 15%
(Table 2). These c.v.s were within the project objectives specified range for dark ghost shark and giant
stargazer, and within about 5% for sea perch and tarakihi (see Section 1.4 Objectives). For spiny dogfish
and red cod the c.v.s were 9% and 15%, respectively above the target.
The breakdown of biomass by sex indicates that spiny dogfish male biomass was 2.3 times that of
females, and female ghost shark biomass was 1.4 times that of males. For the other target species biomass
by sex is similar (Table 2).
Of the non-target species, barracouta had the largest biomass of all species, including the target
species, at 33 360 t and a c.v. of 16% (Table 2). Other species with substantial biomass included red
gurnard (1725 t, c.v. = 30%), rough skate (1029 t, c.v. = 30%), and hoki. (1333 t, c.v. = 10%).
Recruited biomass estimates and c.v.s for the target species and 10 of the non-target species are shown
in Table 2. For the target species the percentage of total biomass that was recruited fish was spiny
dogfish 90%, dark ghost shark 55%, tarakihi 65%, sea perch 94%, red cod 55%, and giant stargazer
98%.
10–30 m depth range
Biomass was estimated only for strata 18, 19, and 20 in 10–30 m, because stratum 21 was not surveyed
(see Section 3.5).
3.5
Catch rates, biomass, and distribution
Catch rates by stratum (strata 1–17, 30–400 m; strata 18–20, 10–30 m) for the 20 most abundant
commercially important species, including the target species, are given in Table 3, and catch rates of
target species by station are shown in Figure 3. Biomass by stratum (strata 1–17, 30–400 m; strata 18–
20, 10–30 m) for the 20 most abundant commercially important species, including the target species,
are given in Table 4. Strata with the highest catch rates are not always the same as those with the highest
biomass because biomass is scaled by area of the stratum.
3.5.1
Target species (30–400 m)
Dark ghost shark was predominantly caught in waters deeper than 100 m throughout the survey area (30–
400 m) in 57% of tows, with the shallowest catch in 64 m and the deepest in 400 m. Highest catch rates
12
were in 100 to 200 m stratum 9, and 200 to 400 m strata 14 and 17. The highest biomass estimates were
in 100 to 200 m strata 9, 10, and 11, and 200 to 400 m stratum 14 (Appendix 4, Figure 3, Tables 3 and
4).
Giant stargazer was predominantly caught in waters deeper than about 50 m throughout the survey area
(30–400 m) in 78% of tows, with the shallowest catch in 31 m and the deepest in 359 m. Highest catch
rates were in 100 to 200 m strata 8, 9, and 13. The highest biomass estimates were in 100 to 200 m strata
9 and 13 (Appendix 4, Figure 3, Tables 3 and 4).
Red cod was caught in all depth ranges throughout the survey area (30–400 m) in 63% of tows, with the
shallowest catch in 27 m and the deepest in 400 m. The highest catch rates and biomass estimates were in
30 to 100 m stratum 3, and 200 to 400 m stratum 14 (Appendix 4, Figure 3, Tables 3 and 4). Red cod was
also caught in the 10–30 m depth range as shallow as 15 m.
Sea perch was predominantly caught in waters deeper than about 50 m throughout the survey area (30–
400 m) in 67% of tows, with the shallowest catch in 39 m and the deepest in 400 m. The highest catch
rates and biomass estimates were in 100 to 200 m strata 8, 10, 11, and 13 (Appendix 4, Figure 3, Tables 3
and 4).
Spiny dogfish was caught in all depth ranges throughout the survey area (30–400 m) from all tows with
the shallowest catch in 27 m and the deepest in 400 m. The highest catch rates were in 30 to 100 m strata
4 and 5, and 200 to 400 m stratum 15. The highest biomass estimates were in 30 to 100 m strata 4 to 7,
and 100 to 200 m stratum 11 (Appendix 4, Figure 3, Tables 3 and 4). Spiny dogfish was also caught in
the 10–30 m depth range as shallow as 15 m.
Tarakihi was predominantly caught in waters between about 30 and 140 m throughout the survey area
(30–400 m) in 52% of tows, with the shallowest catch in 31 m and the deepest in 145 m. The highest
catch rates and biomass estimates were in 30 to 100 m strata 1 and 4, and 100–200 m stratum 13
(Appendix 4, Figure 3, Tables 3 and 4).
3.5.2
Other species
Catch rates of the more abundant non-target species by station are shown in Figure 4 and by stratum in
Table 3. Barracouta were caught mainly between 30 and 200 m throughout the survey area, with the
shallowest catch in 15 m and the deepest in 354 m, with consistently high catch rates in the central
Canterbury Bight east of Timaru in strata 3, 4, 9, and 10. Elephantfish and red gurnard were caught
mainly in the 30 to 100 m strata throughout the survey area and in the shallow strata (10–30 m).
3.6
Biological and length frequency data
Details of length frequency and biological data recorded for each species are given in Table 5. Nearly
33 000 length frequency and 6000 biological records were taken from 41 species. This included
otoliths from 401 red cod, 437 sea perch, 328 giant stargazer, and 293 tarakihi. Dorsal spines were
collected from 768 spiny dogfish and 369 dark ghost shark.
Scaled length frequency distributions of the target species over the 30–400 m depth range as well as
for the depth ranges 10–30 m, 30–100 m, 100–200 m, and 200–400 m are plotted in Figure 5. Scaled
length frequency distributions of the more abundant non-target species over the 30–400 m depth range
are plotted in Figure 6. The length-weight coefficients used to scale the length frequency data are
shown in Appendix 6.
13
The length frequency distribution for dark ghost shark is bimodal for females and possibly tri-modal
for males (Figure 5). The larger mode is further to the right for females, indicating that the largest fish
are mostly female. The largest male mode (47–63 cm) comprises about half pre-recruited fish (under
55 cm) and is prevalent in the 100–200 m depth range. The larger female mode (56–70 cm) is mainly
recruited fish and these sized fish were also caught mainly in the 100 to 200 m depth range. The
smaller modes are all pre-recruited fish and were dominant in the deeper 200–400 m strata. The
overall scaled numbers sex ratio (males:females) in 30–400 m is close to 1:1 (Figure 5).
The length frequency distributions for giant stargazer males and female have no clear modes (Figure
5). Female length distribution has a wider right hand tail indicating that the largest fish are mostly
females. For both sexes the length distributions were generally similar in 30 to 200 m, with some
indication that fish, while less common, are larger in the 200 to 400 m depth range. The overall scaled
numbers sex ratio (males:females) in 30–400 m is 0.8:1.
The length frequency distribution for male red cod shows two well defined modes at 15–22 cm (0+),
and 34–44 cm (1+), and a less defined 3+ mode at 45–55 cm (Figure 5). The female length distribution
is similar to that for males, but the 1+ mode is less defined and modes are slightly larger as females
grow faster (Horn 1996, Beentjes 2000). There is also likely to be a small proportion of 4+ female fish
over about 60 cm. Smaller red cod (0+) were more common in the 30–100 m and larger fish in 10–30
m. The overall sex ratio (males:females) in 30–400 m is 1.4:1.
The length frequency distribution for sea perch is unimodal with peaks at about 26 cm for males and
24 cm for females, and the largest fish were about 43 cm (Figure 5). The bulk of fish were caught in
100–200 m with no separation of size by depth. The overall sex ratio (males:females) in 30–400 m is
1.1:1.
The length frequency distributions for spiny dogfish are bimodal with peaks at about 33 cm and 58 cm
for males, and 33 cm and 54 cm for females (Figure 5). Spiny dogfish were caught in all depth ranges,
but the bulk of fish were in 30–100 m, large females mainly in 100–400 m, and the smallest fish in
10–100 m. The overall sex ratio (males:females) in 30–400 m was strongly skewed to males at 1.8:1.
The length frequency distribution for tarakihi has two distinct modes and indications of a juvenile
mode, with similar shapes for both males and females (Figure 5). There were few fish over 35 cm, the
largest of which was 42 cm. The bulk of the tarakihi were caught at 30–100 m, but those caught in the
100–200 m were larger. The overall sex ratio (males:females) in 30–400 m was close to 1:1.
Details of the gonad stages for the target species are given in Table 6. Giant stargazer were mostly
resting/immature, followed by maturing, ripening, and 5% of males were running ripe. Red cod and
tarakihi were similar, but there were no running ripe fish. Sea perch showed all stages with 20% of
males running ripe and 10% of females spent. Dark ghost shark showed all gonad stages and over half
were mature. Spiny dogfish show a mix of stages with all stages present for females and stages 1–4 for
males.
3.7
Tagging
A total of 182 individual skates and sharks from four species was tagged, length and weight recorded,
and released during the survey (see Table 5). The total included 108 rough skate, 34 smooth skate, 28
school shark, and 12 rig.
4.
DISCUSSION
14
4.1
2009 survey
We report the results of the 2009 ECSI bottom trawl survey in May–June 2009 using R.V. Kaharoa
(KAH0905) in 30–400 m. This is the eighth survey in the time series and the third consecutive survey
following the reinstatement of the winter time series in 2007. The 2009 survey was successful in
meeting all the project objectives and the c.v.s were within the specified range for target species dark
ghost shark and giant stargazer, but exceeded by 5% for sea perch and tarakihi, 9% for spiny dogfish, and
15% for red cod. It has historically been difficult to achieve low c.v.s for red cod, even during the early
surveys when it was the only target species and all phase 2 stations were allocated to red cod. This is
because it tends to form aggregations of cohorts and catches are often highly variable among tows
which are characterised by many zero tows and the occasional very large catch.
The ancillary inshore survey in 10–30 m included three of the four planned strata (strata 18, 19, and
20) and of these, only in stratum 18 were the three allocated tows completed. The 10–30 m survey was
not given high priority and was not completed because of time constraints.
4.2
Time series trends in biomass, distribution, and size
Implicit in our interpretation of trends in biomass, geographic distribution, and length distribution is the
11 year interval separating the 1991 to 1996, and the 2007 to 2009 surveys. During this period we have
no information on these variables.
Dark ghost shark
Biomass for dark ghost shark was the second highest of the eight surveys, and only 3% less than the peak
in 2007 (Table 7, Figure 7). Biomass increased markedly between 1992 and 1993 and the current biomass
in 2009 is over four-fold greater than in 1992. All surveys have a large component of pre-recruited
biomass ranging from 30–62% (Table 8, Figure 8) — in the last three surveys pre-recruited biomass has
been remarkably constant at about 42% of total biomass. The juvenile and adult biomass (based on
length-at-50% maturity) of both sexes have generally increased proportionately over the time series
(Table 9, Figure 9).
Dark ghost shark were present in 22–57% of tows, with the highest occurrence in the 2009 survey and a
clear trend of increasing occurrence over the time series. Dark ghost shark have made up 2–10% of the
total catch on the surveys, with indications of an increasing trend (Table 10). The distribution of dark
ghost shark over the time series is similar and was confined to the continental slope and edge mainly in
the Canterbury Bight, although the larger biomass in 2007, 2008, and 2009 is commensurate with a
slightly expanded distribution throughout the survey area in this depth and into Pegasus Bay (Figure 10).
The size distributions of dark ghost shark in each of the last six surveys (1993–2009) are similar and
generally bimodal (Figure 11). The distributions differ from those of the Chatham Rise and
Southland/Sub-Antarctic surveys (O'Driscoll & Bagley 2001, Livingston et al. 2002) in that ECSI has a
large component of juvenile fish, suggesting that this area may be an important nursery ground for dark
ghost shark.
Giant stargazer
Biomass for giant stargazer in 2009 was 37% less than the peak in 2007 and is 19% below the average
biomass estimate over the eight survey time series (2009 biomass 475 t, average = 586 t) (see Table 7,
Figure 7). Pre-recruited biomass is a small component of the total biomass estimate on all surveys (range
2–5% of total biomass) (see Table 8, Figure 8). The juvenile to adult biomass ratio (based on length-at50% maturity) has been relatively constant over the time series at about 1 to 1 (Table 9, Figure 9).
15
Giant stargazer were present in 70–92% of tows and have consistently made up 1–2% of the total catch
on the surveys, with no trend (Table 10). The distribution of giant stargazer hotspots varies, but overall
this species is consistently well represented over the entire survey area, most commonly from 30 m to
about 200 m (Figure 10).
The size distributions of giant stargazer in each of the eight surveys are similar and generally have one
large mode comprising multiple age classes and a small juvenile mode, although both modes are less
defined for females (Figure 11). Giant stargazer on the ECSI sampled during these surveys overall are
smaller than those from the Chatham Rise, Southland, and WCSI surveys (Bagley & Hurst 1996,
Stevenson & Hanchet 2000, Livingston et al. 2002), suggesting that this area may be an important nursery
ground for juvenile giant stargazer.
Red cod
Biomass for red cod over the last three surveys is largely unchanged and remains low relative to the
period between 1991 and 1994. Indeed the current biomass in 2009 (1871 t) was about one third of the
peak in 1994 (5637 t) (see Table 7, Figure 7). The high biomass in 1994 and the very low biomass in
2007–09 are consistent with the size of concurrent commercial landings in RCO 3, a fishery in which
cyclical fluctuating catches are characteristic (Beentjes & Renwick 2001). Pre-recruited biomass was a
small component of the total biomass in the 1996, 2007, and 2008 surveys (13%, 13%, and 7%)
compared to 1994 when pre-recruited biomass was 59% of total biomass (Table 8, Figure 8), indicating
that recruitment has been poor in 1996 and in the most recent years. However, the pre-recruited biomass
in 2009, in contrast to the last two years, was relatively high (41%) indicating that 2010 may show
increased biomass and potentially larger commercial catches. The proportion of juvenile biomass (based
on the length-at-50% maturity) was low for the 1996 and 2007 surveys (30% and 48% of total biomass)
and of similar proportions for the other surveys (60–80%) (see Table 9, Figure 9).
Red cod were present in 63–89 % of tows with 2009 having the lowest occurrence, with indications of a
declining trend over the time series. Red cod made up 2–30% of the total catch on the surveys, with the
lowest proportions from 1996 to 2008 reflecting the low biomass compared to earlier surveys in the
1990s (Table 10). The distribution of red cod hot spots varies, but overall this species is consistently well
represented over the entire survey area, most commonly from 30 m to about 300 m (see Figure 10), but is
also found in waters shallower than 30 m.
The size distributions of red cod in each of the eight surveys are similar and generally characterised by a
0+ mode (10–20 cm), 1+ mode (30–40 cm), and a less defined right hand tail comprised predominantly
of 2+ and 3+ fish (Figure 11). The 1996 and particularly the 2007 and 2008 surveys show very poor
recruitment of 1+ fish compared to earlier surveys. In contrast the 1994 survey indicated the presence of a
very strong 1+ cohort which resulted in high commercial catches in the following years. In 2009 the 1+
cohort was relatively strong compared to the three previous surveys and this may lead to increased
biomass in the 2009–10 fishing year. Red cod on the ECSI, sampled during these surveys, are generally
smaller than those from Southland (Bagley & Hurst 1996), suggesting that this area may be an important
nursery ground for juvenile red cod.
Sea perch
Biomass for sea perch in 2009 (1444 t) is the lowest of the eight surveys and was 27% below the average
biomass (1994 t), although there is no trend in biomass over the time series (see Table 7, Figure 7). Prerecruited biomass is a very small and reasonably constant component of the total biomass estimate on all
surveys (range 3–7% of total biomass) (Table 8, Figure 8). The juvenile to adult biomass ratio (based on
length-at-50% maturity) has been relatively constant over the time series with juvenile biomass about 29–
45% of total biomass (see Table 9, Figure 9).
16
Sea perch were present in 59–82% of tows and have constituted 3–6% of the total catch on the surveys,
with no trends in either variable (see Table 10). The distribution of sea perch hot spots varies, but overall
this species is consistently well represented over the entire survey area, most commonly from about 70 to
300 m (see Figure 10).
The size distributions of sea perch on each of the eight surveys are similar and generally unimodal with a
right hand tail reflecting the large number of age classes (Paul & Francis 2002) (Figure 11). Sea perch
from the ECSI sampled on these surveys are generally smaller than those from the Chatham Rise and
Southland surveys (Bagley & Hurst 1996, Livingston et al. 2002). This suggests that this area may be an
important nursery ground for juvenile sea perch and/or that sea perch tend to be larger at greater depths
(Beentjes et al. 2007) and the ECSI survey does not extend to the full depth range of sea perch which are
found as deep as 800 m.
Spiny dogfish
Following the peak biomass for spiny dogfish in 2007 (35 386 t), biomass declined by 19% in 2008 and
by a further 11% in 2009. However, the 2009 biomass is about double that of the early 1990s, indicating
that the large increase in biomass between 1994 and 1996 has been sustained (see Table 7, Figure 7). Prerecruited biomass was a small component of the total biomass estimate in the 1992 to 1994 surveys at 1–
3% of total biomass, before increasing markedly to 10% in 1996, 16% in 2007, and then dropping
slightly to 7% in 2008 and 2009 (see Table 8, Figure 8). This is also reflected in the biomass of juvenile
spiny dogfish (based on the length-at-50% maturity) which increased markedly from about 15% of total
biomass before 1996, to between 35 and 61% in the last four surveys (see Table 9, Figure 9).
Spiny dogfish were present in 94–100% of tows (98% average) and have made up 22–45% of the total
catch on the surveys, with indications that this species became more abundant on the ECSI since 1996
(see Table 10). Spiny dogfish has had the largest biomass of all species on these surveys with the
exception of barracouta in 1992, 1993, and 2009 (see Table 7). The distribution of spiny dogfish hotspots
varies, but overall this species is consistently well represented over the entire survey area, most
commonly from 30 to about 350 m (see Figure 10), but is also common in waters shallower than 30 m.
The size distributions of spiny dogfish in each of the 1992 to 1994 surveys are similar and generally
bimodal for males, and less defined for females (Figure 11). In the last four surveys (1996, 2007, 2008,
and 2009) the length distributions were dominated by smaller fish, particularly females where the
proportions of large fish have declined. In 2009, unlike previous years, there were signs of a strong
juvenile cohort recruiting to the population. Spiny dogfish on the ECSI sampled on these surveys are
considerably smaller than those from the Chatham Rise, Southland, and the sub-Antarctic surveys
(Bagley & Hurst 1996, O'Driscoll & Bagley 2001, Livingston et al. 2002), suggesting that this area may
be an important nursery ground for juvenile spiny dogfish.
Tarakihi
Biomass for tarakihi declined by 28% in 2008 and a further 18% in 2009, and is currently 20% below the
survey average with no apparent trend in biomass over the time series (see Table 7, Figure 7). Prerecruited biomass is a major component of the total biomass estimate on all surveys (ranging from 18 to
59% of total biomass) (see Table 8, Figure 8). Similarly, juvenile biomass (based on length-at-50%
maturity) is also a large component of total biomass but the proportion is relatively constant over the time
series (see Table 9, Figure 9).
Tarakihi were present in 52–75% of tows with 2009 having the lowest occurrence of the eight surveys,
and tarakihi made up 1–5% of the total catch on the surveys, with no trends in either variable (see Table
10). The distribution of tarakihi hotspots varies, but overall this species is consistently well represented
over the entire survey area, most commonly from 30 to about 150 m (see Figure 10).
17
The size distributions of tarakihi in each of the eight surveys are similar and they tend to be multi-modal,
with smaller modes representing individual cohorts (Figure 11). Tarakihi on the ECSI, overall, are
generally smaller than those from the west coast South Island (Stevenson & Hanchet 2000), suggesting
that this area may be an important nursery ground for juvenile tarakihi.
5.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was funded by Ministry of Fisheries (Project INT2007/01B). Thanks to all NIWA scientific
staff on board for their contribution, Neil Bagley for maintenance of the trawl gear, and the many staff
who identified the macro-invertebrates. We acknowledge skippers Lindsay Copeland and Simon
Wadsworth, and the crew of Kaharoa for their valuable contribution. Thanks also to Steve Brouwer
(MFish) for reviewing the manuscript and Mike Beardsell (NIWA) for editorial comments.
6.
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19
Table 1: Stratum depth ranges, survey area, non-trawlable area, number of successful phase 1 and
phase 2 stations, and station density.
Depth
(m)
Area
(km2)
1
30–100
2
30–100
3
30–100
4
30–100
5
30–100
6
30–100
7
30–100
8
100–200
9
100–200
10
100–200
11
100–200
12
100–200
13
100–200
14
200–400
15
200–400
16
200–400
17
200–400
Sub total (average)
984
1 247
3 023
2 703
2 485
2 373
2 089
628
1 163
1 191
1 482
764
999
321
430
751
724
23 357
1 276
987
794
520
3 577
Stratum
18
19
20
21
Sub total (average)
Total (average)
10–30
10–30
10–30
10–30
No. stations
Station
density
Foul ground
(km2)
Phase 1
Phase 2
(km2 per
station)
Shag Point
Oamaru
Timaru
Rakaia
Banks Pen.
Pegasus
Conway
Shag Point
Oamaru
Timaru
Banks Pen.
Pegasus
Conway
Oamaru Crack
Timaru
Banks Pen.
Conway
202
0
0
0
0
208
871
17
0
0
0
132
406
17
0
0
165
2 018
5
3
7
8
4
3
8
3
4
6
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
74
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
13
197
416
432
338
621
791
261
79
291
199
371
255
143
46
108
250
241
268
Pegasus
Rakaia
Timaru
Oamaru
0
0
0
226
226
3
1
2
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
425
987
397
596
2 244
80
13
290
Description
26 934
20
t
1 791
157
937
800
17 599
781
13 372
1 015
11 305
3 705
30 653
2 423
2 370
39 324
209
775
252
3 308
503
845
1 943
184
1 146
298
1 795
1 169
Dark ghost shark
Giant stargazer
Red cod
Sea perch
Spiny dogfish
Tarakihi
Arrow squid**
Barracouta
Blue cod
Elephantfish
Hapuku
Hoki
Leatherjacket
Ling
Red gurnard
Rig
Rough skate
School shark
Silver warehou
Smooth skate
(25)
(32)
(36)
(29)
(18)
(40)
(26)
(17)
(32)
(24)
(23)
(14)
(22)
(19)
(48)
(27)
(34)
(38)
*
16 151
35
260
116
603
*
163
858
68
525
111
263
233
2 534
318
934
634
7 707
739
Biomass (t)
33 cm is minimum legal fish length for BCO caught by commercial fishers
*
17 154
47
337
72
729
*
99
864
56
504
143
173
485
Biomass (t)
Catch (kg)
Common name
Males
c.v. (%)
21
(18)
(27)
(23)
(31)
(21)
(45)
(27)
(16)
(39)
(26)
(27)
(7)
(27)
(14)
(49)
(24)
(27)
(34)
Females
c.v. (%)
867
33 360
82
596
188
1 333
414
262
1 725
125
1 029
254
446
736
4 329
475
1 871
1 444
25 311
1 519
Biomass (t)
(25)
(16)
(34)
(23)
(23)
(10)
(70)
(19)
(30)
(26)
(30)
(18)
(42)
(23)
(24)
(15)
(40)
(25)
(31)
(36)
All fish
c.v. (%)
–
50
33 t
50
40
65
–
65
30
90
–
90
25
–
55
30
40
20
50
25
Size (cm)
–
30 368
55
387
188
636
–
129
1 663
35
–
94
444
–
2 364
464
1 038
1 363
22 913
994
Biomass (t)
–
(17)
(38)
(25)
(23)
(24)
–
(17)
(30)
(27)
–
(32)
(42)
–
(33)
(15)
(41)
(26)
(32)
(42)
Recruited
c.v. (%)
Table 2: Catch and estimated biomass for top 20 commercial species, including target species (in bold) in 30–400 m. * not sexed; ** not measured; –, not
information on recruited length.
Table 3: Catch rates (kg.km-2) by stratum (strata 1–17, 30–400 m; strata 18–20, 10–30 m) for the 20 most
abundant commercial species, including target species. Species codes are given in Appendix 4. * less than
0.5 kg.km-2.
Target
species
Stratum
Other species
GSH
RCO
SPD
SPE
STA
TAR
BAR
HOK
NOS
1
0
22
29
93
5
192
183
0
2
2
0
40
291
0
18
103
1 408
0
3
3
0
161
191
20
6
6
4 540
0
24
4
14
13
2 475
14
17
253
2 219
0
58
5
16
0
3 038
*
11
32
901
0
21
6
0
0
870
4
16
53
633
0
32
7
0
104
1 106
2
2
1
421
*
13
8
296
100
40
442
57
*
103
0
4
9
1 095
7
104
77
83
0
2 154
0
5
10
392
65
517
169
9
10
2 527
0
6
11
321
11
1 591
295
19
3
450
0
40
12
8
0
1 503
25
21
7
722
0
19
13
135
36
63
207
85
269
238
0
9
14
1 337
2 626
258
0
13
0
81
79
108
15
759
21
2 074
2
34
0
72
188
701
16
236
2
163
3
15
0
0
653
36
17
1 073
6
446
13
14
0
1
1 016
18
18
0
67
123
0
0
0
41
0
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
227
413
0
0
0
1750
0
16
22
Table 3–continued
Other
species
GUR
ELE
BCO
RSK
SSK
SWA
LIN
SCH
SPO
HAP
LEA
1
24
126
12
38
0
0
17
13
12
0
1
2
166
17
1
48
20
0
16
42
18
2
210
3
65
12
*
53
38
*
3
20
3
2
2
4
280
80
1
67
9
*
1
0
0
20
*
5
60
9
0
105
51
0
0
5
0
4
0
6
8
31
4
36
30
0
0
14
0
9
0
7
172
35
0
100
26
*
*
15
36
3
69
8
0
1
14
17
41
1
69
0
0
2
0
9
1
0
*
0
115
2
16
0
0
1
0
10
2
26
7
0
6
20
1
31
5
20
0
11
8
0
4
0
40
9
1
3
0
28
0
12
*
1
10
9
13
18
0
0
0
15
0
13
0
0
25
9
19
1
3
6
0
2
0
14
0
0
0
1
14
91
43
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
3
72
770
43
4
0
12
0
16
0
0
0
0
6
35
56
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
11
38
4
100
0
0
0
0
18
13
0
0
67
0
0
0
2
7
0
1
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
123
272
0
75
22
0
0
3
0
0
1
Stratum
23
Table 4: Estimated biomass (t) and coefficient of variation ( ) by stratum (strata 1–17, 30–400 m; strata
18–20, 10–30 m) for the 20 most abundant commercial species, including target species. Species codes are
given in Appendix 4. * less than 0.5 t.
Target species
Other species
Stratum
GSH
RCO
SPD
SPE
STA
TAR
BAR
HOK
NOS
1
0
(0)
21
(100)
28
(38)
91
(71)
5
(46)
189
(93)
180
(48)
0
(0)
2
(56)
2
0
(0)
49
(100)
361
(49)
0
(0)
22
(78)
128
(100)
1 749
(40)
0
(0)
4
(26)
3
0
(0)
486
(97)
576
(25)
61
(50)
20
(37)
19
(70)
13 724
(25)
0
(0)
73
(71)
4
39
(58)
36
(55)
6 690
(87)
38
(87)
46
(47)
684
(64)
5 999
(58)
0
(0)
158
(44)
5
40
(71)
0
(0)
7 549
(63)
1
(85)
28
(51)
80
(33)
2 239
(26)
0
(0)
51
(48)
6
0
(0)
0
(0)
2 064
(42)
9
(51)
38
(87)
126
(48)
1 501
(80)
0
(0)
76
(52)
7
0
(0)
216
(40)
2 311
(30)
4
(50)
4
(98)
3
(64)
879
(96)
*
(100)
28
(87)
8
186
(67)
63
(92)
25
(47)
278
(88)
36
(47)
*
(100)
65
(26)
0
(0)
2.7
(22)
9
1 274
(73)
9
(78)
122
(48)
90
(40)
97
(23)
0
(0)
2 505
(35)
0
(0)
5.9
(36)
10
467
(17)
78
(94)
617
(32)
201
(37)
11
(30)
12
(55)
3 011
(28)
0
(0)
8
(53)
11
471
(33)
16
(34)
2 336
(81)
433
(54)
28
(27)
5
(62)
661
(41)
0
(0)
59
(10)
12
6
(65)
0
0
1 149
(70)
19
(68)
16
(47)
6
(52)
552
(51)
0
(0)
15
(21)
13
135
(67)
36
(100)
63
(27)
207
(38)
85
(48)
269
(88)
238
(49)
0
(0)
9
(38)
14
431
(31)
846
(66)
83
(39)
0
(0)
4
(32)
0
(0)
26
(78)
26
(100)
35
(41)
15
326
(40)
9
(62)
892
(53)
1
(59)
15
(48)
0
0
31
(85)
81
(58)
301
(62)
16
177
(60)
2
(88)
123
(31)
3
(51)
11
(55)
0
(0)
0
(0)
491
(25)
27
(25)
17
777
(43)
4
(49)
323
(35)
9
(39)
10
(56)
0
(0)
1
(100)
736
(2)
13
(27)
Total
(strata 1–17)
4 329
(24)
1 871
(40)
25 311
(31)
1 444
(25)
475
(15)
1 519
(36)
33 360
(16)
1 333
(10)
867
(25)
18
0
(0)
85
(54)
157
(14)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
53
(57)
*
(100)
0
(0)
19
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
20
0
(0)
181
(93)
329
(47)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1 395
(98)
0
(0)
13
(100)
Total
(strata 18–20)
0
(0)
267
(65)
486
(32)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1 447
(94)
*
(100)
13
(100)
24
Table 4–continued
Species code
HAP
LEA
Stratum
GUR
ELE
BCO
RSK
SSK
SWA
LIN
SCH
SPO
1
23
(43)
124
(47)
12
(74)
37
(36)
0
(0)
0
(0)
17
(83)
13
(60)
12
(62)
0
(0)
1
(90)
2
207
(98)
21
(65)
2
(100)
59
(100)
25
(100)
0
(0)
20
(79)
52
(38)
22
(64)
2
(100)
261
(100)
3
197
(98)
35
(16)
*
(100)
159
(91)
113
(62)
*
(100)
10
(100)
62
(30)
9
(55)
7
(50)
7
(98)
4
756
(51)
215
(42)
2
(64)
182
(48)
25
(67)
*
(100)
2
(67)
0
(0)
0
(0)
55
(29)
1
(71)
5
148
(88)
23
(94)
0
(0)
261
(89)
126
(90)
1
(76)
0
(0)
13
(60)
0
(0)
10
(34)
0
(0)
6
19
(40)
73
(100)
10
(100)
85
(69)
70
(60)
0
(0)
0
(0)
33
(45)
0
(0)
21
(84)
0
(0)
7
359
(32)
73
(40)
0
(0)
209
(26)
54
(57)
*
(71)
1
(52)
32
(35)
76
(35)
5
(73)
144
(84)
8
0
(0)
0
(100)
9
(75)
11
(50)
26
(38)
1
(57)
44
(82)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1.4
(58)
0
(0)
9
1
(100)
0
(0)
1
(100)
0
(0)
134
(46)
2.3
69.3
18
(54)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1.7
(100)
0
(0)
10
3
(64)
30
(100)
9
(90)
0
(0)
7
(30)
24
(79)
1
(100)
37
(75)
6
(100)
24
(45)
0
(0)
11
12
(66)
0
(0)
6
(100)
0
(0)
58
(76)
13
(63)
1
(77)
4
(66)
0
(0)
41
(80)
0
(0)
12
*
(100)
1
(100)
7
(63)
7
(53)
10
(58)
14
(49)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
11
(41)
0
(0)
13
0
(0)
0
(0)
25
(84)
9.1
60.1
19
(79)
1
(53)
3
(100)
6
(100)
0
(0)
2
(69)
0
(0)
14
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
*
(100)
5
(60)
29
(75)
14
(76)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
15
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(100)
31
(81)
331
(55)
19
(58)
1.8
(100)
0
(0)
5
(49)
0
(0)
16
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(65)
27
(97)
42
(24)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
17
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
8
(34)
28
(82)
3
(54)
73
(17)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1 725
(30)
596
(23)
82
(34)
1 029
(30)
736
(23)
446
(42)
262
(19)
254
(18)
125
(26)
188
(23)
414
(70)
16
(93)
0
(0)
98
(84)
0
(0)
0
(0)
217
(100)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
86
(16)
0
(0)
60
(42)
0
(0)
0
(0)
17
(100)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
*
(100)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(62)
0
(0)
2
(100)
10
(100)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(100)
0
(0)
*
(5)
114
(74)
217
(100)
0
(0)
145
(20)
17
(100)
0
(0)
*
(100)
5
(58)
10
(100)
0
(0)
2
(73)
Total
(strata 1–17)
18
19
20
Total
(strata 18–20)
25
Table 5: Number of biological, length frequency, and tagging records. Measurement methods: 1, fork
length; 2, total length; 4, mantle length; 5, pelvic length; B, carapace length; G, total length excluding tail
filament. + Data include one or more of the following: fish length, fish weight, gonad stage, otoliths, spines.
Species codes are defined in Appendix 4.
Length frequency data
Species
code
BAR
BCO
BRI
ELE
EMA
ESO
GSH
GUR
HAK
HAP
HOK
JDO
JMD
JMM
JMN
KAH
LDO
LEA
LIN
LSO
MOK
RBM
RCO
RSK
SCH
SCI
SEV
SFL
SKI
SPD
SPE
SPO
SRB
SSK
STA
SWA
TAR
TUR
WAR
WWA
YBF
Total
Biological data+
No. of
No. of
otoliths
fish
or spines
Measurement
method
No. of
samples
No. of
fish
No. of
samples
1
2
2
1
1
2
G
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
5
2
B
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
5
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
87
22
5
36
1
10
50
44
1
37
11
3
12
8
2
1
9
15
40
37
4
1
60
48
36
4
1
7
2
93
58
16
2
53
68
40
45
1
25
3
1
6 225
337
8
701
1
60
3 562
1 902
1
104
949
3
72
114
2
1
95
361
736
373
28
2
1 825
476
156
12
1
66
4
6 353
4 112
128
4
408
614
652
2 009
2
465
4
3
1
18
40
705
1
2
1
4
58
43
36
4
1
677
461
156
12
1
401
83
50
16
1 538
862
128
768
437
45
64
357
428
328
43
546
293
32 931
5 894
26
Tagging
No. of
fish
Size range
(cm)
108
28
26–65
57–137
12
43–105
34
24–126
369
182
Table 6: Gonad stages of finfish target species.
Species
No. of
fish
1
2
3
Males
Females
170
236
47
84
19
14
28
2
5
0
1
0
Red cod
Males
Females
273
351
77
91
16
9
7
0
0
0
0
0
Sea perch
Males
Females
403
347
23
67
33
21
24
1
20
0
0
10
Tarakihi
Males
Females
242
266
82
95
15
3
3
2
0
0
0
0
303
364
1
35
31
2
10
7
949
496
1
13
19
2
10
39
30–400 m
Giant stargazer
Dark ghost shark
Spiny dogfish
Sex
Males
Females
Males
Females
% Gonad state
4
5
% Gonad state
3
4
55
–
55
6
3
21
7
4
56
3
%Gonad state
6
5
–
–
31
1
Teleost gonad stage for males and females: stage 1– immature/resting; 2– maturing; 3– ripening; 4–
running ripe; 5– spent.
Dark ghost shark gonad stages. Males: 1– immature (claspers short and soft), 2– maturing (claspers
longer than pelvic fins but soft, not calcified), 3– mature (claspers calcified). Females: 1– immature
(no visible eggs in the ovary), 2– maturing (visible eggs in ovary but no yolk), 3– mature (large yolked
eggs in the ovary), 4– Spawning (egg cases developing in the uterus).
Spiny dogfish gonad stages. Males: 1– immature (claspers soft and shorter than pelvic fins), 2–
claspers as long as or longer than the pelvic fins but soft, not calcified), 3– mature (claspers calcified),
4– mating (claspers calcified, sperm exudes with light pressure on abdomen). Females: 1– immature
(no visible eggs in the ovary), 2– maturing (visible eggs in ovary but no yolk), 3– mature (large yolked
eggs in the ovary), 4– gravid (yolked eggs in the uterus but no embryos visible, 5–pregnant (embryos
visible in the uterus), 6– spent (uterus flabby and bloodshot, yolked eggs may be in the ovary).
27
42
17
33
30
22
33
22
29
90
72
26
40
24
93
57
35
40
30
*
30
21
*
962
672
3 760
1 716
12 873
1 712
443
8 361
104
80
47
300
186
61
44
1009
763
175
*
100
29
*
GSH
STA
RCO
SPE
SPD
TAR
NOS
BAR
WAR
BCO
JMM
ELE
HAP
HOK
LEA
LIN
GUR
SPO
RSK
SCH
SWA
SSK
Species
code
1991
Biomass c.v.
(t) (%)
1 303
11 672
116
37
200
176
104
108
14
525
142
66
224
104
32
605
934
669
4 527
1 934
10 787
932
32
23
43
36
31
32
35
75
76
17
30
18
24
21
22
18
44
16
40
28
26
26
1992
Biomass c.v.
(t) (%)
1 062
18 197
50
54
225
481
177
413
7
651
576
67
335
369
256
658
2 911
609
5 601
2 948
13 949
3 805
17
22
39
42
28
33
31
32
58
27
31
30
21
42
44
25
42
14
30
32
17
55
1993
Biomass c.v.
(t) (%)
1 421
6 965
165
111
155
164
54
125
29
488
123
54
517
155
35
306
2 702
439
5 637
2 342
14 530
1 219
28
25
34
78
56
38
32
32
49
60
19
34
29
20
36
28
25
25
17
35
29
10
31
1994
Biomass c.v.
(t) (%)
1 204
16 848
238
49
1 585
858
102
460
10
488
505
63
177
202
231
385
3 176
465
4 619
1 671
35 169
1 656
30
19
64
93
34
30
19
32
58
21
27
37
19
18
32
24
23
11
30
25
15
24
1996
Biomass c.v.
(t) (%)
1 242
21 132
1 418
94
18
1 034
248
134
96
283
1 453
134
878
538
445
705
4 483
755
1 486
1 954
35 386
2 589
23
17
79
37
37
32
28
62
44
27
35
37
22
22
44
20
25
18
25
22
27
24
2007
Biomass c.v.
(t) (%)
998
25 544
507
43
21
1 404
109
837
40
351
1 309
280
858
411
319
554
3 763
606
1 824
1 944
28 476
1 863
19
16
87
28
38
35
21
53
36
22
34
23
19
20
32
18
20
14
49
23
22
29
2008
Biomass c.v.
(t) (%)
867
33 360
103
82
186
596
188
1 333
414
262
1 725
125
1 029
254
446
736
4 329
475
1 871
1 444
25 311
1 519
24.6
16
27.8
34
90.2
23.4
22.8
10.2
69.5
18.7
29.5
25.7
29.6
17.7
42
23
23.9
14.5
39.9
25.3
31.2
35.8
2009
Biomass
c.v.
(t) (%)
Table 7: Estimated biomass (t) and coefficient of variation (c.v.) for the target species (in bold) and major commercial species for ECSI winter surveys. Biomass
estimates for 1991 have been adjusted to allow for non-sampled strata (7 & 9). * Rough and smooth skates not separated in 1991; combined biomass = 1993 t (c.v.
25%). Species in order of common name.
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
1 761
22
1 644
23
1 857
46
1 195
30
1 314
35
1 064
40
576
54
292
68
2 364
33
2 119
29
2 626
26
1 981
23
1 388
22
1 808
53
358
31
668
40
Dark ghost shark
(55 cm)
Prerecruit
Recruited
10
36
13
28
33
24
13
34
10
25
19
16
34
14
26
22
464
15
592
14
722
18
452
11
430
17
590
14
635
16
646
17
Giant stargazer
(30 cm)
Prerecruit Recruited
29
722
50
129
36
190
33
584
31
3 342
40
1 026
51
2 089
50
1 823
45
Prerecruit
1 038
41
1 695
50
1 295
25
4 036
33
2 296
36
4 468
27
2 438
33
2 054
37
Recruited
Red cod
(40 cm)
50
20
144
20
73
18
52
45
70
24
178
76
49
28
70
44
Prerecruit
1 363
26
1 800
24
1 880
22
1 619
25
2 272
29
2 770
30
1 443
28
1 483
30
Recruited
Sea perch
(20 cm)
1 823
29
1 886
50
5 830
46
3 444
23
208
49
367
71
300
26
—
22 913
32
26 590
22
29 555
27
31 725
16
14 322
10
13 098
17
9 177
31
457
43
739
44
823
30
519
30
493
31
2 234
62
273
26
305
38
994
42
1 123
25
1 766
24
1 137
27
726
35
1 571
47
630
28
1 414
33
Target species (recruited length)
Spiny dogfish
Tarakihi
(50 cm)
(25 cm)
PrePrerecruit Recruited
recruit Recruited
Table 8: Estimated biomass (t), and coefficient of variation (c.v.) of recruited and pre-recruited target species for ECSI winter surveys in 30–400 m. Biomass
estimates for 1991 have been adjusted to allow for non-sampled strata (7 & 9). – , not measured. The sum of pre-recruit and recruited biomass values do not always
match the total biomass (Table 7) for the earlier surveys because at several stations length frequencies were not measured, affecting the biomass calculations for
length intervals.
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
Biomass
c.v. (%)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
753 (1 208)
29 (21)
767 (1225)
26 (19)
607 (1597)
46 (36)
307 (1171)
35 (33)
457 (1033)
45 (27)
362 (740)
47 (37)
259 (444)
60 (48)
90 (265)
73 (57)
Juv.
962 (1 129)
29 (38)
729 (1031)
25 (34)
1 089 (1184)
20 (41)
924 (771)
30 (20)
618 (594)
25 (24)
886 (884)
49 (54)
126 (106)
37 (34)
194 (411)
52 (47)
GSH
M=52, (F=62)
Adult
155
18
329
17
364
15
226
15
189
21
262
13
336
21
305
19
305
18
277
15
391
27
240
13
250
19
348
17
333
14
347
20
STA
both sexes 45
Juv.
Adult
1 347
47
1 153
67
714
31
1 360
25
4 720
40
3 139
42
3 297
48
3 119
39
30
488
36
671
24
772
30
3 259
38
917
26
2 355
27
1 230
23
768
32
RCO
both sexes 51
Juv.
Adult
392
19
793
24
640
18
744
35
774
24
1 223
59
576
28
579
33
957
31
1 150
27
1 314
26
926
22
1 568
32
1 725
20
916
30
1 136
30
SPE
both sexes 26
Juv.
Adult
5 526 (6 797)
42 (30)
4 946 (5 691)
35 (25)
9 439 (12 310)
34 (35)
4 376 (7918)
21 (28)
726 (1 193)
23 (20)
697 (1 414)
57 (45)
577 (949)
27 (21)
–
–
Juv.
10 565 (854)
30 (23)
16 621 (1 092)
22 (16)
12 799 (837)
26 (22)
20 729 (2 146)
17 (18)
9 614 (2 984)
10 (30)
7 175 (4 159)
17 (34)
4 545 (3 407)
18 (70)
–
–
1 018
41
1 528
32
2 226
26
1 416
25
1 012
32
3 305
62
636
25
1 094
36
382
38
335
22
363
22
240
31
207
31
500
52
266
32
591
30
Target species (length at maturity, cm)
SPD
TAR
M=58, (F=72)
both sexes 31
Juv.
Adult
Adult
Table 9: Estimated juvenile and adult biomass (t), and coefficient of variation (c.v) (where juvenile is below and adult is equal to or above length at which 50% of
fish are mature) for target species for ECSI winter surveys in 30–400 m. Biomass estimates for 1991 have been adjusted to allow for non-sampled strata (7 & 9). – ,
not measured. The sum of juvenile and adults biomass values do not always match the total biomass (Table 7) for the earlier surveys because at several stations
length frequencies were not measured, affecting the biomass calculations for length intervals.
27
22
38
29
44
50
44
57
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
% Occ.
10
7
7
6
9
9
3
2
% catch
Dark ghost shark
78
76
85
70
82
92
82
85
% Occ.
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
% catch
Giant stargazer
63
65
71
83
75
81
89
89
% Occ.
31
9
3
2
6
30
13
15
9
% catch
Red cod
67
71
65
59
75
70
76
82
% Occ.
3
3
3
3
4
4
6
4
% catch
Sea perch
100
99
100
99
95
99
98
94
% Occ.
24
39
39
45
27
22
25
31
% catch
52
62
66
63
75
62
61
71
% Occ.
49
55
2
2
55
62
74
54
53
51
% catch
3
1
3
5
2
4
% catch
Target species percent occurrence and percent of total catch
All target
Spiny dogfish
Tarakihi
species
Table 10: Percent occurrence (% of stations where it was caught) for each target species, and percent total catch (% of all species caught on the survey) for each
target species and for all target species combined for ECSI winter surveys in 30–400 m.
Waiau
River
43° S
Kowai
River
13
7
10 m
18
Banks
Peninsula
6
12
17
19
0
20
m
30
Timaru
4
1
171° E
0
40
m
10
9
2
11
m
16
21
Shag
Point
0
10
m
20
3
Cape
Wanbrow
44°
5
m
10
15
45°
8
14
172°
173°
174°
Figure 1: Strata used in ECSI winter trawl surveys in 2009 (30–400 m, strata 1–17) and shallow strata in
10–30 m (strata 18–21). Hashed areas are foul ground.
32
Waiau
River
43° S
Kowai
River
7
11 10
10 m
8
5
6
17
6
Banks
Peninsula
m
30
54
Timaru
20 49
53
40
39
21
47
51
67
9
46
2
65 79
27
26
80
73
10
72
78
77 32
33
16
0
20
13
14
15
56
0
40
m
22
16
28
29
30
31
15
70
69
45°
8 64
14
55
171° E
44°
m
85
83 89
82 84
88 87
81
59
63 86
58 60 62
61
57
1
71
66
68
76
35
34
17
23
11
m
75
74
Cape
Wanbrow
Shag
Point
38
0
10
52
48
45 24
25
5 36
41
37
4
50
3
43
42
12
12
44
21
20
m
10
19
19
18
93
2 91 92
1
90
7
3
9
18
13
4
172°
173°
174°
Figure 2: All tows and tow numbers from the 2009 ECSI survey. Hashed areas are foul ground.
33
Dark ghost shark
Waiau
River
= zero catch (43)
= 0.1–100
(17)
= 100–500
43° S
(16)
= 500 –1 000
(8)
> 1 000
(9)
Banks
Peninsula
Timaru
Shag
Point
44°
45°
Maximum catchrate = 3 460 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
-2
174°
Figure 3: Catch rates (kg.km-2) of target species. Number of stations in parentheses. Hashed areas are foul
ground.
34
Giant stargazer
Waiau
River
= zero catch (25)
= 0.1–10
(24)
= 10–50
(33)
= 50–100
(7)
43° S
> 100
(4)
Timaru
Banks
Peninsula
44°
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 301 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 3–continued
35
174°
-2
Red cod
Waiau
River
= zero catch (33)
= 0.1–50
(42)
= 50–500
= 500–1 000
43° S
(14)
(1)
> 1 000
(3)
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 11 200 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 3–continued
36
174°
-2
Sea perch
Waiau
River
= zero catch (35)
= 0.1–50
(34)
= 50–250
(17)
= 250–500
(4)
> 500
(3)
43° S
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
Shag
Point
45°
171° E
Maximum catchrate = 3 160 kg.km
172°
173°
Figure 3–continued
37
174°
-2
Spiny dogfish
Waiau
River
= zero catch
= 0.1–500
(0)
(68)
= 500–1 000
(12)
= 1 000–5 000
43° S
(9)
= 5 000
(4)
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 17 600 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 3–continued
38
174°
-2
Tarakihi
Waiau
River
= zero catch (48)
= 0.1–25
(26)
= 25–100
(11)
= 100–500
(5)
43° S
> 500
(3)
Banks
Peninsula
Timaru
44°
45°
Shag
Point
171° E
Maximum catchrate = 1 680 kg.km
172°
173°
Figure 3–continued
39
174°
-2
Arrow squid
Waiau
River
= zero catch (13)
= 0.1–25
(53)
= 25–100
(18)
= 100–500
(8)
> 500
(1)
43° S
44°
45°
Shag
Point
Timaru
Banks
Peninsula
Maximum catchrate = 1 980 kg.km
172°
171° E
173°
-2
174°
Barracouta
Waiau
River
= zero catch
= 0.1–100
(11)
(30)
= 100–1 000
(27)
43° S
= 1 000–5 000 (20)
> 5 000
(5)
Timaru
44°
Banks
Peninsula
45°
Shag
Point
171° E
Maximum catchrate = 10 600 kg.km
172°
173°
-2
-2
174°
Figure 4: Catch rates (kg.km ) of non-target species. Number of stations in parentheses. Hashed areas are
foul ground.
40
Blue warehou
Waiau
River
= zero catch (68)
= 0.1–5
(11)
= 5–10
(3)
= 10–50
(9)
> 50
(2)
43° S
Timaru
44°
Banks
Peninsula
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 95 kg.km -2
172°
171° E
173°
174°
Elephantfish
Waiau
River
= zero catch (57)
= 0.1–25
(20)
= 25–100
= 100–200
43° S
(7)
(5)
> 200
(4)
44°
Banks
Peninsula
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 544 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 4–continued
41
174°
-2
Hapuku
Waiau
River
= zero catch (56)
= 0.1–10
(21)
= 10–25
(8)
= 25–50
(6)
> 50
(2)
43° S
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 95 kg.km -2
172°
171° E
173°
174°
Hoki
Waiau
River
= zero catch (81)
= 0.1–250
(3)
= 250–500
(3)
- 500–750
(2)
> 750
(4)
43° S
44°
Timaru
Banks
Peninsula
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 1 070 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 4–continued
42
174°
-2
Leatherjacket
Waiau
River
= zero catch (78)
= 0.1–10
(11)
= 10–50
(1)
= 50–250
(1)
> 250
(2)
43° S
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 630 kg.km
172°
171° E
173°
-2
174°
Lemon sole
Waiau
River
= zero catch (53)
= 0.1–5
(24)
= 5–10
(9)
= 10–20
(3)
43° S
> 20
(4)
44°
Timaru
Banks
Peninsula
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 38 kg.km -2
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 4–continued
43
174°
Ling
Waiau
River
= zero catch (53)
= 0.1–25
(23)
= 25–100
(13)
= 100–250
(3)
> 250
(1)
43° S
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 468 kg.km
172°
171° E
173°
-2
174°
Red gurnard
Waiau
River
= zero catch (49)
= 0.1–50
(29)
= 50–200
= 200–500
(8)
> 500
(2)
43° S
(5)
Timaru
44°
Banks
Peninsula
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 948 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 4–continued
44
174°
-2
Rig
Waiau
River
= zero catch (77)
= 0.1–10
(4)
10–25
(5)
= 25–50
(4)
> 50
(3)
43° S
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 105 kg.km -2
172°
171° E
173°
174°
Rough skate
Waiau
River
= zxero catch (45)
= 0.1–50
(29)
= 50–100
43° S
(7)
= 100–200
(8)
> 200
(4)
44°
Banks
Peninsula
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
171° E
Maximum catchrate = 387 kg.km
172°
173°
Figure 4–continued
45
174°
-2
School shark
Waiau
River
= zero catch (57)
= 0.1–25
(25)
= 25–50
43° S
(9)
= 50 –100
(1)
> 100
(1)
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 148 kg.km
172°
171° E
173°
-2
174°
Silver warehou
Waiau
River
= zero catch (53)
= 0.1–50
(33)
= 50–100
43° S
(2)
= 100–500
(3)
>500
(2)
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 1 570 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 4–continued
46
174°
-2
Smooth skate
Waiau
River
= zero catch (40)
= 0.1–25
(27)
= 25–50
= 50–100
43° S
(8)
(8)
> 100
(10)
Banks
Peninsula
44°
Timaru
45°
Shag
Point
Maximum catchrate = 246 kg.km
171° E
172°
173°
Figure 4–continued
47
174°
-2
Dark ghost shark
Males & Unsexed
300
Females
300
M = 3 573 (24%)
U=
3 (58%)
30–400 m
200
200
100
100
0
0
15
300
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 3 927 (22%)
25
35
45
55
65
30–100 m
75
15
25
35
45
55
300
M = 12 (61%)
200
200
100
100
0
65
75
F = 40 (36%)
0
15
25
35
45
55
100–200 m
300
65
75
M = 926 (32%)
U=
2 (71%)
15
35
45
55
200
100
100
65
75
F = 1 117 (34%)
300
200
0
25
0
15
25
35
45
200–400 m
300
55
65
75
M = 2 605 (30%)
U=
1 (100%)
15
35
45
200
100
100
55
65
75
F = 2 740 (28%)
300
200
0
25
0
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
10–30 m
300
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
55
65
75
300
200
200
No catch
100
N o catch
100
0
0
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
15
25
35
45
Chimaera length (cm)
Figure 5: Scaled length frequency distributions for the target species by depth range for the 2009 survey.
Population estimates are in thousands of fish. M, number of males; F, number of females; U, unsexed; ( ),
c.v. Shaded areas represent unsexed fish.
48
Giant stargazer
Males & Unsexed
15
30–400 m
Females
15
M = 151 (18%)
U = 4 (51%)
10
10
5
5
0
0
0
15
10
20
30
40
50
30–100 m
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
15
M = 63 (29%)
U = 4 (59%)
10
10
5
5
0
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 191 (12%)
60
70
80
F = 81 (23%)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
100–200 m
15
70
80
M = 84 (23%)
U = 1 (77%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
10
5
5
0
70
80
F = 100 (14%)
15
10
60
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
200–400 m
15
60
70
80
M = 2 (44%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
10
5
5
0
70
80
F = 10 (19%)
15
10
60
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10–30 m
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
50
60
70
80
15
10
10
No catch
5
No catch
5
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
Total length (cm)
Figure 5–continued
49
10
20
30
40
Red cod
Males & Unsexed
250
30–400 m
Females
250
M = 1 941 (45%)
U=
4 (59%)
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
0
250
10
20
30
40
30–100 m
50
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
250
M = 322 (46%)
U = 2 (100%)
200
60
70
80
F = 904 (63%)
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 1 392 (46%)
200
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
100–200 m
250
70
80
M = 232 (55%)
U = 1 (52%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
70
80
F = 115 (40%)
250
200
60
0
0
10
20
30
40
200–400 m
250
50
60
70
80
M = 1 442 (61%)
U=
1 (100%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
70
80
F = 342 (62%)
250
200
60
0
0
10
20
30
40
10–30 m
250
50
60
70
80
M = 6 (47%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
70
80
F = 107 (64%)
250
200
60
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
Total length (cm)
Figure 5–continued
50
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Sea perch
Males & Unsexed
250
30–400 m
Females
250
M = 2 646 (23%)
U=
23 (67%)
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
0
250
10
20
30
30–100 m
40
50
0
10
20
30
250
M = 457 (32%)
U = 2 (73%)
200
40
50
F = 416 (33%)
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 2 447 (20%)
200
0
0
10
20
30
100–200 m
250
40
50
M = 2 166 (27%)
U=
20 (74%)
0
20
30
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
40
50
F = 2 005 (23%)
250
200
0
10
0
0
10
20
30
200–400 m
250
40
50
M = 27 (28%)
0
10
20
30
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
50
F = 29 (34%)
250
200
40
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
10–30 m
250
0
10
20
30
40
50
30
40
50
250
200
200
150
150
No catch
100
100
50
50
0
No catch
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
Total length (cm)
Figure 5–continued
51
10
20
Spiny dogfish
Males & Unsexed
2500
30–400 m
Females
M = 26 810 (35%)
U=
54 (92%)
2000
2500
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
0
15
2500
35
55
30–100 m
75
95
15
M = 22 760 (40%)
U = 51 (95%)
2000
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 14 887 (30%)
2000
35
55
2500
75
95
F = 11 883 (35%)
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
0
15
35
55
100–200 m
2500
75
95
M = 3 444 (52%)
U=
2 (100%)
15
35
55
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
95
F = 2 042 (62%)
2500
2000
75
0
15
35
55
200–400 m
2500
75
95
15
M = 489 (30%)
35
55
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
95
F = 938 (38%)
2500
2000
75
0
15
35
55
10–30 m
2500
75
95
M = 721 (23%)
U = 3 (100%)
15
35
55
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
95
F = 317 (34%)
2500
2000
75
0
15
35
55
75
95
15
Total length (cm)
Figure 5–continued
52
35
55
75
95
Tarakihi
Males & Unsexed
500
30–400 m
Females
500
M = 3 125 (35%)
U=
3 (65%)
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
0
500
10
20
30
30–100 m
40
50
0
M = 2 769 (38%)
U = 3 (65%)
400
10
20
30
500
40
50
F = 3 051 (34%)
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 3 248 (32%)
400
0
0
10
20
30
100–200 m
500
40
50
M = 348 (81%)
0
20
30
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
40
50
F = 182 (76%)
500
400
0
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
200–400 m
500
10
20
30
40
50
500
400
400
300
300
No catch
200
200
100
100
0
No catch
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
10–30 m
500
0
10
20
30
40
50
40
50
500
400
400
300
300
No catch
200
200
100
100
0
No catch
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
Fork length (cm)
Figure 5–continued
53
10
20
30
Barracouta
1200
M = 16 383 (15%)
U=
272 (44%)
900
1200
F = 17 621 (13%)
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
5
25
45
65
85
105
5
25
Fork length (cm)
45
65
85
105
Fork length (cm)
Blue cod
10
M = 67 (34%)
Number of fish (thousands)
5
10
F = 70 (33%)
5
0
0
5
15
25
35
45
Total length (cm)
55
5
15
25
35
Total length (cm)
45
55
Blue warehou
140
140
M = 66 (31%)
U = 380 (37%)
120
100
F = 40 (29%)
120
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Fork length (cm)
10
60
20
30
40
50
60
Fork length (cm)
Elephantfish
M = 276 (23%)
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
F = 202 (33%)
20
0
10
30
50
70
Fork length (cm)
90
10
30
50
70
Fork length (cm)
90
Figure 6: Scaled length frequency distributions for the main non-target species in 30–400 m for the 2009
survey. Population estimates are in thousands of fish. M, number of males; F, number of females; U,
unsexed; ( ), c.v. Shaded areas represent unsexed fish.
54
Hapuku
6
M = 31 (20%)
F = 43 (21%)
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
40
50
60
70
80
Total length (cm)
90
100
40
50
60
70
80
Total length (cm)
90
100
Hoki
Number of fish (thousands)
100
M = 1 191 (14%)
U=
5 (100%)
100
75
75
50
50
25
25
0
F = 970 (11%)
0
10
30
50
70
90
110
10
30
Total length (cm)
50
70
Total length (cm)
90
110
Jack mackerel (murphyi)
25
M = 91 (82%)
U = 1 (94%)
20
25
F = 54 (81%)
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
20
30
40
50
Total length (cm)
20
60
30
40
50
Total length (cm)
60
Lemon sole
25
25
F = 203 (25%)
M = 34 (27%)
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
10
20
30
Total length (cm)
40
10
20
30
Total length (cm)
Figure 6–continued
55
40
Leatherjacket
400
U = 2 500 (59%)
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
Total length (cm)
30
40
Ling
Number of fish (thousands)
20
20
M = 125 (23%)
15
15
10
10
5
5
F = 222 (37%)
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Total length (cm)
20
120
40
60
80
100
Total length (cm)
120
Red gurnard
250
M = 2 023 (34%)
U =
3 (80%)
200
250
F = 1 432 (27%)
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
Total length (cm)
50
60
10
20
30
40
Total length (cm)
50
60
Rig
5
5
M = 47 (32%)
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
F = 44 (31%)
0
30
50
70
90
110
130
30
50
Total length (cm)
70
90
Total length (cm)
Figure 6–continued
56
110
130
Rough skate
M = 184 (28%)
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
F = 193 (29%)
0
10
30
50
Pelvic length (cm)
70
10
30
50
Pelvic length (cm)
70
School shark
M = 72 (16%)
8
F = 53 (18%)
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
20
140
40
60
Total length (cm)
80
100
120
140
Total length (cm)
Silver warehou
M = 155 (31%)
U = 23 (77%)
Number of fish (thousands)
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
F = 193 (38%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
Fork length (cm)
30
40
Fork length (cm)
50
60
Smooth skate
6
6
F = 83 (22%)
M = 115 (17%)
U = 2 (67%)
4
4
2
2
0
0
10
30
50
70
90
Pelvic length (cm)
110
130
10
30
50
70
90
Pelvic length (cm)
Figure 6–continued
57
110
130
8000
Dark ghost shark
6000
4000
2000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Giant stargazer
1200
1000
Biomass (t)
800
600
400
200
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
10000
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Red cod
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Survey year
Figure 7: Target species biomass and 95% confidence intervals for the ECSI winter surveys.
58
6000
Sea perch
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Spiny dogfish
60000
Biomass (t)
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
8000
1998
2000
Tarakihi
6000
4000
2000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
Survey year
Figure 7 – continued.
59
Dark ghost shark
4000
3000
2000
Recruited length = 55 cm
1000
Recruited
Pre-recruit
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2008
2010
2008
2010
Giant stargazer
1200
1000
800
Biomass (t)
600
Recruited length = 30 cm
400
200
Recruited
Pre-recruit
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
10000
2002
2004
2006
Red cod
8000
Recruited length = 40 cm
6000
4000
Recruited
Pre-recruit
2000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Survey year
Figure 8: Target species recruited and pre-recruited biomass, and 95% confidence intervals for the ECSI
winter surveys.
60
5000
Sea perch
4000
3000
Recruited length = 20 cm
2000
1000
Recruited
Pre-recruit
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Spiny dogfish
60000
Biomass (t)
50000
40000
Recruited length = 50 cm
30000
20000
Recruited
10000
Pre-recruit
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
6000
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2008
2010
Tarakihi
4000
Recruited length = 25 cm
2000
Recruited
Pre-recruit
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Survey year
Figure 8 – continued.
61
2004
2006
Dark ghost shark
5000
Biomass (t)
4000
adult female
3000
adult male
2000
juv female
juv male
1000
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
survey year
Giant stargazer
800
Biomass (t)
600
adult
400
juv
200
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
Survey year
Red cod
6000
Biomass (t)
5000
4000
adult
3000
juv
2000
1000
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
Survey year
Figure 9: Target species juvenile and adult biomass for ECSI winter surveys, where juvenile is below and
adult is equal to or above length at which 50% of fish are mature.
62
Sea perch
3500
Biomass (t)
3000
2500
2000
adult
1500
juv
1000
500
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
Survey year
Spiny dogfish
40000
Biomass (t)
30000
adult female
adult male
20000
juv female
juv male
10000
0
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
2008
2009
Survey year
Tarakihi
4000
Biomass (t)
3000
adult
2000
juv
1000
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
2007
Survey year
Figure 9 – continued
63
2008
2009
Dark ghost shark (1991 to 1994)
1991 (KAH9105)
= zero catch
= 0.1–50
= 50–100
= 100–500
1992 (KAH9205)
Waiau River
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
> 1 000
= 500–1 000
Waiau River
1993 (KAH9306)
1994 (KAH9406)
Waiau River
Waiau River
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
Figure 10: Catch rates (kg.km-2) of target species for the eight ECSI winter trawl surveys in 30–400 m.
64
Dark ghost shark (1996 to 2009)
1996 (KAH9606)
= zero catch
= 0.1–50
= 50–100
= 100–500
= 500–1 000
Waiau Riv er
> 1 000
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Waiau Riv er
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
65
2009 (KAH0905)
Waiau Riv er
2008 (KAH0806)
Banks
Peninsula
Banks
Peninsula
Waiau Riv er
Shag
Point
2007 (KAH0705)
Giant stargazer (1991 to 1994)
1991 (KAH9105)
= zero catch
= 0.1–10
= 10–25
= 25–50
1992 (KAH9205)
Waiau River
= 50–100
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
> 100
1993 (KAH9306)
1994 (KAH9406)
Waiau River
Waiau River
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
66
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
Waiau River
Giant stargazer (1996 to 2009)
1996 (KAH9606)
= zero catch
= 0.1–10
= 10–25
Waiau Riv er
= 50–100
Banks
Peninsula
> 100
Waiau Riv er
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
2009 (KAH0905)
Waiau Riv er
2008 (KAH0806)
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Waiau Riv er
= 25–50
2007 (KAH0705)
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
67
Red cod (1991–1994)
1991 (KAH9105)
= zero catch
= 0.1–100
= 100–500
= 500–1000
1992 (KAH9205)
Waiau River
Banks
Peninsula
> 5000
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
= 1000–5000
Waiau River
Shag
Point
1993 (KAH9306)
1994 (KAH9406)
Waiau River
Waiau River
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
68
Banks
Peninsula
Red cod (1996 to 2009)
1996 (KAH9606)
= zero catch
= 0.1–100
= 100–500
Waiau Riv er
Waiau Riv er
= 500–1 000
= 1 000–5 000
Banks
Peninsula
> 5 000
Shag
Point
2009 (KAH0905)
Waiau Riv er
Waiau Riv er
Banks
Peninsula
Banks Peninsula
Shag
Point
2008 (KAH0806)
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
2007 (KAH0705)
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
69
Sea perch (1991 to 1994)
1991 (KAH9105)
= zero catch
= 0.1–50
= 50–100
= 100–500
1992 (KAH9205)
Waiau River
= 500–1 000
Waiau River
> 1 000
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
1994 (KAH9406)
Waiau River
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
70
Waiau River
1993 (KAH9306)
Banks
Peninsula
Banks
Peninsula
Sea perch (1996 to 2009)
1996 (KAH9606)
= zero catch
= 0.1–50
= 50–100
= 100–500
= 500–1 000
> 1 000
Waiau Riv er
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
71
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Waiau Riv er
2009 (KAH0905)
Waiau Riv er
Banks
Peninsula
2008 (KAH0806)
Banks
Peninsula
Waiau Riv er
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
2007 (KAH0705)
Spiny dogfish (1991 to 1994)
1991 (KAH9105)
= zero catch
= 0.1–250
= 250–1,000
= 1 000–5 000
1992 (KAH9205)
Waiau River
= 5 000–10 000
> 10 000
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
72
Banks
Peninsula
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Waiau River
1994 (KAH9406)
Waiau River
Shag
Point
1993 (KAH9306)
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Waiau River
Spiny dogfish (1996 to 2009)
1996 (KAH9606)
= zero catch
= 0.1–250
= 250–1 000
2007 (KAH0705)
Waiau Riv er
= 5 000–10 000
Banks
Peninsula
> 10 000
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
Waiau Riv er
2009 (KAH0905)
Waiau Riv er
2008 (KAH0806)
Banks
Peninsula
Banks
Peninsula
= 1 000–5 000
Shag
Point
Waiau Riv er
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
73
Tarakihi (1991–1994)
1991 (KAH9105)
= zero catch
= 0.1–25
= 25–100
= 100–500
1992 (KAH9205)
Waiau River
> 1 000
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Waiau River
Banks
Peninsula
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
74
1994 (KAH9406)
Waiau River
1993 (KAH9306)
Shag
Point
Shag
Point
Banks
Peninsula
= 500–1 000
Waiau River
Tarakihi (1996–2009)
1996 (KAH9606)
= zero catch
= 0.1–25
= 25–100
= 100–500
= 500–1 000
> 1 000
Waiau Riv er
Waiau Riv er
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Waiau Riv er
Shag
Point
2009 (KAH0905)
Banks
Peninsula
Waiau Riv er
2008 (KAH0806)
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
2007 (KAH0705)
Banks
Peninsula
Shag
Point
Figure 10–continued
75
Dark ghost shark
Males & Unsexed
250
200
150
100
50
0
1991
15
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
45
55
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
35
45
55
65
25
25
55
65
55
65
55
65
35
45
55
65
45
55
65
45
55
25
35
45
55
75
15
25
35
45
55
250
200
150
100
50
0
75
25
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
65
75
55
65
75
55
65
75
55
65
75
F = 3 597 (18%)
15
25
35
45
250
200
150
100
50
0
75
75
F = 3 609 (40%)
15
75
65
F = 2 143 (27%)
15
75
75
F = 2 344 (38%)
15
75
65
F = 2 067 (49%)
250
200
150
100
50
0
M = 3 573 (24%)
U=
3 (58%)
35
35
F = 738 (49%)
15
M = 3 552 (24%)
U=
33 (57%)
2009
15
75
M = 2 804 (34%)
U=
3 (75%)
2008
15
65
25
250
200
150
100
50
0
M = 1 607 (27%)
U=
1 (100%)
2007
15
55
F = 503 (49%)
15
M = 1 880 (47%)
1996
15
75
M = 2 003 (50%)
1994
15
65
250
200
150
100
50
0
M = 807 (59%)
1993
15
Number of fish (thousands)
35
1992
15
Females
M = 328 (57%)
55
65
75
F = 3 927 (22%)
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
Chimaera length (cm)
Figure 11: Scaled length frequency distributions for the target species in 30–400 m, for all eight winter
ECSI surveys. Population estimates are in thousands of fish. M, males; F, females; U, unsexed; ( ), c.v.
Shaded areas represent unsexed fish.
76
Giant stargazer
Males & Unsexed
30
Females
M = 240 (14%)
U=
2 (100%)
1991
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
1992
30
60
70
80
M = 279 (23%)
U = 89 (34%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
30
20
20
10
10
60
70
80
F = 223 (18%)
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
1993
30
60
70
0
80
10
20
30
40
50
30
M = 212 (13%)
U = 18 (59%)
20
20
10
10
0
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 290 (19%)
60
70
80
F = 231 (13%)
0
0
30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10
20
30
40
50
20
20
10
10
0
60
70
80
F = 166 (16%)
30
M = 186 (19%)
1994
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
1996
30
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
30
M = 216 (16%)
U = 1 (61%)
20
20
10
10
0
60
70
80
F = 176 (14%)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
2007
30
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
30
M = 186 (14%)
U = 255 (18%)
20
20
10
10
0
60
70
80
F = 235 (18%)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
2008
30
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
30
M = 218 (17%)
U = 55 (38%)
20
20
10
10
0
60
70
80
F = 242 (15%)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
2009
30
60
70
80
10
20
30
40
50
30
M = 151 (18%)
U = 4 (51%)
20
0
60
70
80
F = 191 (12%)
20
10
10
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
Total length (cm)
Figure 11–continued
77
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Red cod
Males & Unsexed
1200
1991
Females
M = 4 107 (40%)
U=
2 (100%)
900
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
0
1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
M = 4 261 (49%)
U=
7 (69%)
1992
900
10
20
30
40
1200
50
60
70
80
F = 3 387 (43%)
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
0
1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
M = 2 953 (43%)
U = 232 (64%)
1993
900
10
20
30
40
50
1200
60
70
80
F = 3 071 (46%)
900
600
600
300
300
0
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 2 900 (30%)
1200
0
0
10
20
30
40
1994
1200
50
60
70
80
0
M = 3 306 (23%)
U = 5 627 (82%)
900
10
20
30
40
1200
50
60
70
80
F = 2 129 (33%)
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
0
1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
F = 2 408 (26%)
1200
M = 2 089 (23%)
U=
1 (82%)
1996
900
10
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
0
1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
F = 775 (26%)
1200
M = 801 (30%)
U = 13 (61%)
2007
900
10
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
0
1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
20
30
40
1200
M = 851 (52%)
U = 64 (35%)
2008
900
10
50
60
70
80
F = 1 172 (50%)
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
0
1200
10
20
30
40
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
F = 1 392 (46%)
1200
M = 1 941 (45%)
U=
4 (59%)
2009
900
50
900
600
600
300
300
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
Total length (cm)
Figure 11–continued
78
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Sea perch
Males & Unsexed
800
M = 3 043 (32%)
U=
3 (79%)
1991
600
Females
800
400
400
200
200
0
0
0
10
20
30
1992
800
40
50
0
M = 4 399 (39%)
U=
7 (66%)
600
10
20
30
800
40
50
F = 3 164 (36%)
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
0
10
20
30
1993
800
40
50
0
M = 5 915 (51%)
U = 779 (76%)
600
10
20
30
800
40
50
F = 4 791 (41%)
600
400
400
200
200
0
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 2 369 (33%)
600
0
0
800
10
20
30
40
50
0
M = 3 657 (25%)
U = 884 (24%)
1994
600
10
20
30
40
50
F = 3 690 (29%)
800
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
0
10
20
30
800
0
50
10
20
30
40
50
F = 3 261 (29%)
800
M = 3 112 (30%)
U = 433 (59%)
1996
600
40
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
0
800
10
20
2007
30
40
50
0
20
30
40
50
F = 2 881 (19%)
800
M = 3 458 (19%)
U=
8 (39%)
600
10
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
0
800
10
20
30
40
50
0
20
30
40
50
F = 3 302 (21%)
800
M = 3 671 (19%)
U = 117 (54%)
2008
600
10
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
0
800
10
20
30
40
50
0
20
30
40
50
F = 2 447 (20%)
800
M = 2 646 (23%)
U=
23 (67%)
2009
600
10
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
Total length (cm)
Figure 11–continued
79
10
20
30
40
50
Spiny dogfish
Males & Unsexed
Females
1991
Not measured
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
15
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
35
Number of fish (thousands)
55
75
35
55
75
15
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
35
55
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
35
55
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
35
55
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
35
55
75
35
55
75
35
55
35
55
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
95
75
35
55
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
35
55
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
35
55
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Total length (cm)
80
75
95
75
95
75
95
F = 14 887 (30%)
15
Figure 11–continued
95
F = 10 661 (28%)
15
95
75
F = 23 731 (34%)
15
95
95
F = 13 119 (23%)
15
95
95
F = 2 417 (18%)
15
95
M = 26 810 (35%)
U=
54 (92%)
2009
15
75
75
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
M = 27 092 (24%)
U=
53 (49%)
2008
15
15
M = 32 759 (26%)
2007
15
75
55
F = 3 230 (37%)
95
75
35
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
M = 24 288 (15%)
1996
15
15
M = 6 608 (18%)
U=
29 (100%)
1994
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
F = 2 558 (18%)
95
M = 8 162 (10%)
U=
9 (73%)
1993
15
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
M = 5 115 (20%)
1992
35
55
75
95
Tarakihi
Males & Unsexed
4000
1991
Females
4000
M = 2 707 (35%)
U = 191 (47%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
0
4000
10
20
30
40
50
0
M = 1 950 (29%)
U=
59 (36%)
1992
3000
10
20
30
4000
40
50
F = 1 740 (29%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
0
4000
10
20
30
1993
40
50
0
10
20
30
4000
M = 2 469 (29%)
U = 15 939 (36%)
3000
40
50
F = 1 850 (24%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
Number of fish (thousands)
F = 2 168 (33%)
3000
1000
Tows =46
0
0
0
4000
10
20
30
40
50
0
20
30
4000
M = 1 382 (28%)
U = 2 538 (29%)
1994
3000
10
40
50
F = 1 461 (44%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
0
4000
10
20
30
40
50
0
M = 2 432 (26%)
U = 2 214 (39%)
1996
3000
10
20
30
4000
40
50
F = 2 020 (25%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
0
4000
10
20
30
40
0
50
M = 4 906 (24%)
U = 123 (78%)
2007
3000
10
20
30
4000
40
50
F = 4 981 (24%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
0
4000
10
20
30
40
0
50
M = 3 799 (30%)
U = 189 (45%)
2008
3000
10
20
30
4000
40
50
F = 4 193 (33%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
0
4000
10
20
30
40
0
50
M = 3 125 (35%)
U=
3 (65%)
2009
3000
10
20
30
4000
40
50
F = 3 248 (32%)
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
0
50
Fork length (cm)
Figure 11–continued
81
10
20
30
40
50
Appendix 1: R.V. Kaharoa bottom trawl gear specifications, and details of net plan, codend, flotation,
ground rope, sweeps, and bridals.
Trawl warp
Trawl doors – rectangular V
Backstrop length
Sweep length
Bridle length
Layback
Approximate doorspread
Optimum wingspread
Angle of attack of sweeps and bridles
Flotation
top
bottom
Using (Prado 1990)
headline
net sonde
CTD logger
total buoyancy
Ground rope specifications
Net attachments
16 mm, 6 x 19 PPC
3.2 m2 630 kg
7.5 m
55 m
12 mm 55 m
16 mm 55 m
150 mm
60 – 90 m
12.35 m
14o @ 69.4 m
16o @ 77.4 m
19o @ 89.4 m
wire rope
rubber rollers
rubber spacers
steel balls
toggled hangers
BCS
Net sonde
CTD logger
2
20
2
3
330 mm diameter floats
300 mm diameter floats
fender floats
fender floats
~ 250 kg
35 m 18 mm (6 x 19)
48 110 x 170 mm
464 40 x 80 mm
12 150 mm diameter, 12 kg
50
7.1 kg
15 kg
15 kg
total weight
~ 280 kg
V-line specifications
‘Hi-man’ Superline
24 mm, 6.4 m
Headline specifications
Rope covered wire
25.05 m
Fishing line specifications
Rope covered wire
2 x 14.7 m, 1 x 2.8 m
82
Appendix 1–continued
83
Appendix 1 –continued
84
Appendix 1 –continued
85
Appendix 1–continued
86
Appendix 1–continued
87
Appendix 1–continued
88
Appendix 1–continued
89
Appendix 1–continued
90
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Station
13
13
13
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
18
12
17
17
17
11
18
18
7
6
6
16
12
12
6
16
11
11
16
15
Stratum
4-May-09
4-May-09
4-May-09
5-May-09
5-May-09
5-May-09
5-May-09
6-May-09
6-May-09
6-May-09
6-May-09
7-May-09
7-May-09
7-May-09
7-May-09
8-May-09
8-May-09
10-May-09
10-May-09
10-May-09
10-May-09
12-May-09
12-May-09
12-May-09
12-May-09
13-May-09
13-May-09
13-May-09
13-May-09
14-May-09
Date
702
945
1350
649
859
1351
1611
659
910
1145
1438
656
933
1259
1546
704
1253
715
1049
1354
1607
655
1008
1328
1619
700
931
1152
1529
702
Time
'
S
43 26 36
43 23 62
43 17 03
43 07 15
43 11 90
43 14 95
43 23 47
43 21 36
43 18 99
43 19 83
43 18 29
43 46 30
43 52 67
43 56 83
43 57 33
44 18 58
43 38 28
43 33 69
43 28 98
43 37 97
43 32 69
44 13 00
43 58 06
43 52 29
43 54 99
44 31 98
44 22 81
44 24 19
44 27 89
44 35 98
o
Appendix 2: Summary of station data. –, no data
'
E
173 48 68
173 38 78
173 33 62
173 16 71
173 17 55
173 15 45
173 12 26
173 00 56
173 05 25
172 55 92
172 46 31
173 56 08
173 59 16
173 58 03
173 54 16
173 00 31
173 07 56
172 52 07
173 18 03
173 29 89
173 34 37
173 28 74
173 44 04
173 45 35
173 34 73
172 49 63
172 49 54
172 54 77
173 03 27
172 43 33
o
Start of tow
'
S
91
43 28 61
43 25 07
43 13 99
43 10 23
43 14 96
43 17 62
43 26 59
43 19 09
43 16 63
43 17 19
43 15 19
43 43 43
43 55 11
43 58 63
43 59 34
44 15 82
43 35 12
43 30 71
43 27 02
43 35 06
43 29 87
44 10 94
43 55 81
43 49 74
43 53 23
44 30 39
44 21 37
44 22 55
44 26 25
44 37 31
o
'
E
173 51 61
173 35 14
173 34 38
173 15 99
173 17 30
173 13 58
173 11 78
173 03 32
173 08 04
172 58 33
172 47 04
173 56 80
173 56 85
173 54 78
173 51 25
173 02 06
173 07 05
172 51 48
173 19 43
173 31 65
173 36 34
173 31 96
173 46 72
173 47 80
173 38 36
172 53 13
172 53 26
172 58 38
173 06 83
172 39 79
o
End of tow
103
111
128
46
48
39
32
27
28
30
15
127
344
392
344
111
16
18
61
81
84
323
123
102
93
308
118
132
351
345
Min.
110
120
132
51
52
45
35
28
30
34
17
138
354
400
359
121
19
20
65
87
88
329
128
104
96
318
121
133
357
356
Max.
Gear depth (m)
3.09
3.01
3.08
3.12
3.06
2.99
3.13
3.03
3.11
3.16
3.14
2.91
2.95
2.95
2.9
3.03
3.18
3.01
2.2
3.17
3.16
3.09
2.96
3.1
3.15
2.95
3.02
3.05
3.02
2.84
(n. miles)
Dist.
trawled
5.1
5
4.9
5.4
5.4
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.2
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.7
4.8
5.3
5.2
4.7
5
5.3
4.8
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.9
4.6
height (m)
Headline
83.6
80.6
85.5
76.4
76.1
76.6
73.8
71.7
75.8
74.9
76.7
82.9
97.1
90.8
93
86.1
69
74.2
70.4
74.8
77.9
100
85.5
83.1
85
96.7
84.3
89.3
94.3
93.3
(m)
Doorspread
11.9
11.8
12.1
12.6
12.4
12.9
13.3
–
13
–
12.4
11.7
11.8
12.6
12
12
12.4
–
12.4
12.2
–
10.9
11.5
11.8
11.8
10.5
11.8
11.8
11.1
–
(oC)
Surfac
e temp.
10.9
10.9
11
11.8
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.9
12.7
12.6
–
11.1
9.8
–
9.4
11.2
12.5
–
12.5
11.9
–
8.5
11.5
11.5
11.7
9
11.5
11.3
8
8.2
(oC)
Bottom
temp.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Station
15
15
15
11
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
19
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
20
20
1
1
1
1
1
8
Stratum
Date
14-May-09
14-May-09
14-May-09
15-May-09
15-May-09
15-May-09
16-May-09
16-May-09
16-May-09
17-May-09
17-May-09
17-May-09
17-May-09
17-May-09
18-May-09
18-May-09
18-May-09
18-May-09
20-May-09
21-May-09
21-May-09
21-May-09
22-May-09
22-May-09
25-May-09
25-May-09
25-May-09
25-May-09
26-May-09
26-May-09
Appendix 2–continued
941
1312
1603
710
1031
1437
656
912
1147
701
911
1129
1345
1554
655
844
1040
1337
739
808
1218
1444
739
1033
739
948
1344
1622
742
958
Time
'
S
44 39 54
44 40 11
44 42 48
44 07 92
44 04 27
44 03 41
43 56 70
44 07 08
44 06 72
44 07 82
44 08 30
44 03 55
43 59 79
43 53 59
44 48 33
44 53 55
44 53 82
44 38 32
44 24 48
44 24 70
44 34 72
44 19 10
44 30 55
44 22 37
45 33 30
45 26 90
45 23 47
45 19 90
45 15 26
45 19 12
o
'
E
172 33 09
172 29 80
172 23 40
173 17 16
173 14 35
173 00 95
172 46 16
172 40 83
172 27 34
172 07 66
172 16 77
172 18 10
172 19 67
172 24 55
171 33 04
171 26 04
171 20 26
171 29 35
171 31 34
171 42 10
171 45 76
171 50 49
171 17 47
171 28 08
171 03 58
171 07 36
171 02 48
171 14 60
171 16 36
171 24 10
o
Start of tow
'
S
92
44 38 18
44 41 65
44 43 74
44 10 15
44 06 23
44 04 40
43 58 31
44 10 11
44 09 44
44 09 50
44 09 64
44 05 24
44 00 53
43 53 16
44 50 61
44 56 22
44 50 81
44 35 41
44 22 59
44 21 83
44 32 82
44 16 45
44 27 56
44 19 70
45 30 55
45 24 23
45 20 44
45 18 17
45 12 79
45 16 93
o
'
E
172 36 78
172 26 03
172 21 17
173 16 41
173 14 97
173 04 90
172 42 67
172 40 43
172 25 55
172 09 24
172 20 64
172 21 79
172 23 74
172 28 75
171 32 99
171 24 14
171 20 96
171 30 68
171 33 75
171 43 67
171 46 90
171 52 39
171 17 96
171 29 29
171 05 04
171 09 25
171 03 44
171 15 88
171 18 78
171 26 89
o
End of tow
318
260
212
106
81
71
33
64
53
39
47
38
31
15
58
48
33
48
36
46
67
45
17
24
63
57
40
74
64
114
Min.
326
267
218
110
93
79
43
71
55
46
52
47
33
16
62
49
35
49
38
48
70
50
20
25
71
59
42
75
74
118
Max.
Gear depth (m)
2.95
3.09
2.02
2.29
2
3
2.98
3.04
3
2.02
3.08
3.14
3.01
3.05
2.28
2.98
3.05
3.06
2.55
3.08
2.06
2.97
3.01
2.8
2.93
2.98
3.1
1.95
3
2.94
(n. miles)
Dist.
trawled
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.6
5
5
4.9
5.1
5
4.9
4.9
4.9
5
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.1
4.6
4.9
4.8
5
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.2
5.7
5.4
5.3
height (m)
Headline
93.6
88.9
89.1
78.8
78.2
73.7
74.2
74.4
74.9
75.5
73.6
75.1
74.7
72.1
75.7
74.7
75.5
75.2
69.3
78.2
69.1
74.6
72.4
70.1
72.1
75.4
75.7
66.7
73.2
82.3
(m)
Doorspread
10.1
10.1
10.5
11.7
11.9
12.1
12
12.1
12.1
11.3
11.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.2
–
11.6
11.4
–
–
11.7
–
–
11.5
11.5
11.4
(oC)
Surfac
e temp.
8.5
–
–
11.6
11.7
12
12.1
12
12.2
11.9
12
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.3
–
11.6
11.5
–
–
11.7
–
11.6
11.6
11.4
10.8
(oC)
Bottom
temp.
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Station
14
14
8
8
9
3
3
9
14
9
9
10
10
4
4
4
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
8
8
14
14
14
14
13
Strata
Date
26-May-09
26-May-09
26-May-09
27-May-09
27-May-09
27-May-09
27-May-09
28-May-09
28-May-09
28-May-09
29-May-09
30-May-09
30-May-09
30-May-09
30-May-09
30-May-09
2-Jun-09
2-Jun-09
2-Jun-09
2-Jun-09
3-Jun-09
3-Jun-09
3-Jun-09
3-Jun-09
3-Jun-09
4-Jun-09
4-Jun-09
4-Jun-09
4-Jun-09
5-Jun-09
Appendix 2–continued
1230
1431
1559
744
1020
1319
1530
753
1044
1557
1535
722
905
1117
1354
1556
759
1020
1207
1436
739
953
1150
1340
1523
747
955
1245
1443
728
Time
'
S
45 21 91
45 18 98
45 15 70
45 03 65
45 00 65
44 49 84
44 47 35
44 53 13
44 58 58
44 50 61
44 47 39
44 34 69
44 30 82
44 28 40
44 22 46
44 23 76
44 41 03
44 36 98
44 27 77
44 27 96
45 12 51
45 08 30
45 08 63
45 08 29
45 05 62
45 17 12
45 11 23
45 10 16
45 07 44
43 27 71
o
'
E
171 25 69
171 29 41
171 29 56
171 39 13
171 47 76
171 45 74
171 37 64
171 45 38
171 54 56
171 55 67
172 07 45
172 08 88
172 20 54
172 21 28
172 26 02
172 32 13
172 20 71
172 30 57
172 33 22
172 42 39
171 27 78
171 26 72
171 34 06
171 36 83
171 42 74
171 31 61
171 39 70
171 38 93
171 42 09
173 33 39
o
Start of tow
'
S
93
45 19 87
45 17 39
45 12 91
45 00 82
44 58 32
44 47 21
44 44 32
44 50 28
44 56 86
44 48 30
44 44 92
44 33 61
44 28 47
44 25 93
44 19 75
44 21 40
44 38 16
44 35 40
44 25 28
44 25 31
45 09 73
45 06 01
45 08 10
45 06 46
45 03 24
45 14 47
45 09 03
45 08 03
45 05 14
43 24 71
o
'
E
171 28 73
171 31 07
171 30 84
171 40 87
171 50 46
171 47 61
171 37 69
171 46 90
171 58 02
171 58 32
172 09 66
172 11 20
172 22 95
172 23 53
172 27 83
172 34 42
172 21 49
172 32 06
172 35 33
172 44 06
171 26 69
171 29 36
171 38 18
171 40 04
171 45 38
171 33 63
171 42 53
171 41 95
171 44 96
173 32 82
o
End of tow
235
242
122
122
131
98
70
103
201
124
133
100
100
85
74
88
134
141
108
119
114
103
125
128
132
248
331
232
213
112
Min.
259
250
125
127
133
99
75
107
219
125
137
102
104
95
79
95
141
145
111
133
114
105
135
133
134
264
346
240
234
118
Max.
Gear depth (m)
2.95
1.97
2.93
3.08
3.01
2.94
3.03
3.04
2.99
2.97
2.92
1.97
2.91
2.94
3
2.87
2.92
1.9
2.91
2.9
2.88
2.95
2.95
2.91
3.02
3
2.96
3.01
3.06
3.02
(n. miles)
Dist.
trawled
5.1
5.3
5.4
5
5
5.3
5.1
4.8
5.4
5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.4
4.6
height (m)
Headline
90.5
94.7
80.9
84.5
87.1
85
69.7
82.6
94.6
87.4
89.1
83.1
87.4
86.6
73.5
79.3
86.3
92.8
83.5
88.7
81.3
81.1
86.6
87
88.6
96.9
100.6
100.7
95.7
80.6
(m)
Doorspread
11.2
–
–
10.9
–
–
–
–
–
11
10.9
–
–
–
–
10.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.5
10.1
10.8
(oC)
Surfac
e temp.
8.9
–
–
10.3
10.2
–
–
10
9.1
10.1
10.1
10.9
–
–
–
9.6
–
–
10.8
10.5
10.2
11
10.9
10.2
–
10.1
9.8
10
9.6
10.5
(oC)
Bottom
temp.
91
92
93
Station
13
13
13
Strata
Date
5-Jun-09
5-Jun-09
5-Jun-09
Appendix 2–continued
926
1224
1512
Time
'
S
43 22 58
43 23 79
43 17 90
o
'
E
173 39 93
173 47 11
173 45 62
o
Start of tow
'
S
94
43 23 62
43 20 81
43 15 57
o
'
E
173 43 71
173 48 05
173 42 76
o
End of tow
100
119
127
Min.
110
133
133
Max.
Gear depth (m)
2.93
3.05
3.12
(n. miles)
Dist.
trawled
5.1
5.3
5.2
height (m)
Headline
80.5
85.5
89.4
(m)
Doorspread
–
–
11.6
(oC)
Surfac
e temp.
10.2
10.6
10.6
(oC)
Bottom
temp.
Appendix 3: Gear parameters for biomass stations by depth range. N, number of stations; s.d., standard
deviation.
N
Mean
s.d.
Range
All stations
Headline height (m)
Doorspread (m)
Distance (n. miles)
Warp:depth ratio
93
93
93
93
5.1
81.9
2.9
3.7
0.31
8.43
0.32
2.08
4.2–5.7
66.7–100.7
1.9–3.2
2.4–12.5
Standard survey (30–400 m)
30–400 m
Headline height (m)
Doorspread (m)
Distance (n. miles)
Warp:depth ratio
87
87
87
87
5.1
82.6
2.9
3.2
0.30
8.30
0.33
1.00
4.6–5.7
66.7–100.7
1.9–3.2
2.4–7.1
30–100 m
Headline height (m)
Doorspread (m)
Distance (n. miles)
Warp:depth ratio
38
38
38
38
5.1
75.2
2.9
3.9
0.29
4.04
0.37
1.25
4.6–5.7
66.7–86.6
1.95–3.17
2.7–7.1
100–200 m
Headline height (m)
Doorspread (m)
Distance (n. miles)
Warp:depth ratio
32
32
32
32
5.1
84.9
2.9
2.8
0.29
3.31
0.29
0.05
4.6–5.6
78.8–92.8
1.9–3.1
2.6–2.9
200–400 m
Headline height (m)
Doorspread (m)
Distance (n. miles)
Warp:depth ratio
17
17
17
17
5.0
94.7
2.9
2.5
0.35
3.70
0.33
0.09
4.6–5.6
88.9–100.7
2.0–3.1
2.4–2.6
Inshore survey (10–30 m)
Headline height (m)
Doorspread (m)
Distance (n. miles)
Warp:depth ratio
6
6
6
6
5.0
72.4
3.0
10.5
0.39
2.78
0.13
1.57
4.2–5.3
69–76.7
2.8–3.2
8–12.5
95
Appendix 4: Species codes, common names, scientific names, total catch, Percent of total catch, percent
occurrence, and depth range for stations in 30–400 m and 10–30 m, in order of catch weight.
Species
code
Common name
Scientific name
BAR
SPD
GSH
RCO
SPE
CBI
HOK
TAR
NOS
CAR
GUR
SWA
WIT
SCG
SSK
RSK
STA
LIN
ELE
LEA
CAS
JAV
SCH
CBE
HAP
PIG
BCO
CBO
SPO
Barracouta
Spiny dogfish
Dark ghost shark
Red cod
Sea perch
Two saddle rattail
Hoki
Tarakihi
N.Z. southern arrow squid
Carpet shark
Red gurnard
Silver warehou
Witch
Scaly gurnard
Smooth skate
Rough skate
Giant stargazer
Ling
Elephantfish
Leatherjacket
Oblique banded rattail
Javelinfish
School shark
Crested bellowsfish
Hapuku
Pigfish
Blue cod
Bollons's rattail
Rig
JMM
SDO
FHD
WAR
LSO
JMD
MOK
ERA
LDO
SSI
ARE
SPF
YCO
HMT
CON
LLC
SEV
Chilean jack mackerel
Silver dory
Deepsea flathead
Blue warehou
Lemon sole
N.Z. jack mackerel
Moki
Electric ray
Lookdown dory
Silverside
Heart urchin
Scarlet wrasse
Yellow cod
Deepsea anemone
Conger eel
Long-legged masking crab
Broadnose sevengill shark
Thyrsites atun
Squalus acanthias
Hydrolagus novaezealandiae
Pseudophycis bachus
Helicolenus spp.
Caelorinchus biclinozonalis
Macruronus novaezelandiae
Nemadactylus macropterus
Nototodarus sloanii
Cephaloscyllium isabellum
Chelidonichthys kumu
Seriolella punctata
Arnoglossus scapha
Lepidotrigla brachyoptera
Dipturus innominatus
Zearaja nasutus
Kathetostoma giganteum
Genypterus blacodes
Callorhinchus milii
Parika scaber
Caelorinchus aspercephalus
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus
Galeorhinus galeus
Notopogon lilliei
Polyprion oxygeneios
Congiopodus leucopaecilus
Parapercis colias
Caelorinchus bollonsi
Mustelus lenticulatus
Trachurus symmetricus
murphyi
Cyttus novaezealandiae
Hoplichthys haswelli
Seriolella brama
Pelotretis flavilatus
Trachurus declivis
Latridopsis ciliaris
Torpedo fairchildi
Cyttus traversi
Argentina elongata
Apatopygus recens
Pseudolabrus miles
Parapercis gilliesi
Hormathiidae
Conger spp.
Leptomithrax longipes
Notorynchus cepedianus
Catch
(kg)
% of
catch
%
Occ.
Depth range (m)
Min.
Max.
39 324.1
30 653.2
13 371.7
11 305.3
3 705.0
3 357.2
3 308.4
2 422.5
2 369.6
2 074.3
1 943.3
1 795.3
1 376.9
1 243.8
1 168.9
1 145.5
1 015.1
844.6
775.4
502.6
406.5
349.2
297.9
255.9
251.7
221.5
209.3
205.1
183.6
31
24
10
9
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
87
100
57
63
67
23
13
52
90
85
45
46
91
67
59
48
78
45
39
14
14
10
37
25
43
49
25
6
17
27
27
64
27
39
30
46
31
27
30
27
27
28
31
27
27
31
30
27
27
132
248
28
63
31
36
33
323
27
354
400
400
400
400
359
400
145
400
329
121
400
359
145
400
400
359
400
105
75
400
400
267
145
326
259
145
400
102
175.4
163.5
156.0
155.5
101.9
84.7
82.9
80.5
71.4
44.8
31.2
25.1
21.5
19.1
17.2
15.0
14.8
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
9
30
11
22
44
14
5
8
10
46
1
1
6
21
2
14
1
46
57
119
27
27
31
39
27
308
57
67
122
100
85
27
70
85
138
318
400
104
326
128
111
45
400
400
70
125
133
346
34
259
95
30–400 m
96
Appendix 4—continued
Species
code
Common name
Scientific name
SCC
ONG
ACS
GAS
OCT
SRB
PDG
TOD
JDO
DSP
BTA
XSH
ASC
Sea cucumber
Sponges
Deepsea anemone
Gastropod
Octopus
Southern Rays bream
Prickly dogfish
Dark toadfish
John dory
Deepsea pigfish
Smooth deepsea skate
Sooty shearwater
Sea squirt
GON
ETB
HAK
RBM
SFL
ZFO
BRI
SMO
Sandfish
Baxter's lantern dogfish
Hake
Rays bream
Sand flounder
Rubbish fishing other
Brill
Crossfish
Stichopus mollis
Porifera (Phylum)
Actinostolidae
Gastropoda
Pinnoctopus cordiformis
Brama australis
Oxynotus bruniensis
Neophrynichthys latus
Zeus faber
Congiopodus coriaceus
Notoraja asperula
Puffinus griseus
Ascidiacea
Gonorynchus forsteri & G.
greyi
Etmopterus baxteri
Merluccius australis
Brama brama
Rhombosolea plebeia
ESO
ASR
WWA
MIQ
LMI
HAG
WOD
EMA
BBE
CRM
SKI
CRA
SCI
PAG
PSI
ETL
DIR
BER
STY
RBT
NUD
NCA
OPH
DPP
CFA
N.Z. sole
Starfish
White warehou
Warty squid
Masking crabs
Hagfish
Wood
Blue mackerel
Banded bellowsfish
Airy fionger sponge
Gemfish
Rock lobster
Scampi
Hermit crab
Geometric star
Lucifer dogfish
Pagurid
Numbfish
Spotty
Redbait
Sea slug
Nectocarcinus antarcticus
Ophiuroid (Brittle star)
Diplopteraster spp.
Banded rattail
Catch
(kg)
% of
catch
%
Occ.
Depth range (m)
Min.
Max.
13.9
11.9
11.9
11.2
10.7
10.0
8.6
8.5
7.1
6.9
6.4
5.7
5.6
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
43
15
23
30
7
2
2
16
3
5
7
3
10
33
40
63
33
27
260
260
39
33
111
308
344
61
234
133
133
346
240
326
326
357
55
145
400
400
133
5.5
4.6
4.5
4.2
3.6
3.2
3.1
2.8
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
18
318
351
344
392
30
98
31
46
359
357
359
400
52
141
33
329
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.9
0.9
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
6
15
3
2
9
2
1
1
7
6
2
1
5
7
6
2
9
1
3
1
2
8
5
1
2
27
33
344
344
33
36
119
88
81
63
212
40
308
74
119
344
61
103
36
141
64
39
64
122
128
46
346
357
400
125
50
133
95
132
120
326
42
357
135
400
400
357
110
47
145
118
118
133
125
400
30–400 m
Colistium guntheri
Sclerasterias mollis
Peltorhamphus
novaezeelandiae
Asteroidea
Seriolella caerulea
Moroteuthis ingens
Leptomithrax spp.
Eptatretus cirrhatus
Wood
Scomber australasicus
Centriscops humerosus
Callyspongia cf ramosa
Rexea solandri
Jasus edwardsii
Metanephrops challengeri
Paguroidea
Psilaster acuminatus
Etmopterus lucifer
Diacanthurus rubricatus
Typhlonarke spp.
Notolabrus celidotus
Emmelichthys nitidus
Nudibranchia
Nectocarcinus antarcticus
Diplopteraster spp.
Caelorinchus fasciatus
97
Appendix 4—continued
Species
code
Common name
Scientific name
Sprat
Kahawai
Giant spider crab
Ahuru
N.Z. jack mackerel
Spiny seadragon
Queen scallop
Proserpinaster neozelanicus
Sun star
Anemones
Seahorse
Orange perch
Opalfish
Sladden's star
Hydroid
Egg case
Sea urchin
Bryozoan
Bathyplotes moseleyi
Slender sprat
Pagurid
Salps
Sea spiders
Pentagonal tooth-star
Knobbed whelk
Whelk
Alert pigfish
Anchovy
Cushion starfish
Oysters dredge
Munida unidentified
Long-handed masking crab
Dragonets
Crab
Cancer crab
Sprattus muelleri
Arripis trutta
Jacquinotia edwardsii
Auchenoceros punctatus
Trachurus novaezelandiae
Solegnathus spinosissimus
Zygochlamys delicatula
Proserpinaster neozelanicus
Crossaster multispinus
Anthozoa
Hippocampus abdominalis
Lepidoperca aurantia
Hemerocoetes spp.
Mediaster sladeni
Hydrozoa (Class)
Catch
(kg)
% of
catch
%
Occ.
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
3
1
2
2
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
3
1
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Catch
(kg)
% of
catch
%
Occ.
1 387.3
623.9
304.4
204.5
46
21
10
7
100
100
83
33
Depth range (m)
Min.
Max.
30–400 m
SPM
KAH
GSC
PCO
JMN
SDR
QSC
PNE
CJA
ANT
SHO
OPE
OPA
MSL
HDR
EGC
ECN
COZ
BAM
SPA
SDM
SAL
PYC
ODT
KWH
FMA
API
ANC
PRE
OYS
MNI
LHC
DGT
CRB
CAC
Echinoidea
Bryozoa (Phylum)
Bathyplotes moseleyi
Sprattus antipodum
Sympagurus dimorphus
Pycnogonida
Odontaster spp.
Austrofucus glans
Fusitriton magellanicus
Alertichthys blacki
Engraulis australis
Patiriella regularis
Ostrea chilensis
Munida spp.
Leptomithrax longimanus
Callionymidae
Decapoda
Cancer novaezelandiae
27
27
125
27
33
63
119
100
232
103
33
122
74
131
119
74
33
63
344
39
318
131
123
74
61
102
392
28
33
74
100
74
132
30
114
34
28
135
30
71
71
133
137
240
118
38
125
121
357
133
137
240
134
359
51
354
329
357
75
326
329
400
30
43
75
102
75
134
34
114
127 544.2
Total catch 30–400 m
Species
code
Common name
Scientific name
Barracouta
Spiny dogfish
Red cod
Elephantfish
Thyrsites atun
Squalus acanthias
Pseudophycis bachus
Callorhinchus milii
Depth range (m)
Min.
Max.
10–30 m
BAR
SPD
RCO
ELE
98
15
15
15
15
25
25
25
25
Appendix 4—continued
Species
code
Common name
Scientific name
Catch
(kg)
% of
catch
%
Occ.
Depth range (m)
Min.
Max.
RSK
GUR
SFL
CON
CAR
SSK
Rough skate
Red gurnard
Sand flounder
Conger eel
Carpet shark
Smooth skate
170.5
110.2
48.9
24.2
23.1
21.5
6
4
2
1
1
1
100
83
83
50
50
33
15
15
15
15
15
15
25
25
25
20
25
25
ESO
NOS
SPO
BRI
SCH
GLB
TUR
WOD
WAR
KAH
YBF
LEA
ASC
SPA
PCO
JFI
ESZ
LIN
CRB
LSO
PAD
SPM
RHY
WIT
HOK
SCC
SHO
TOD
N.Z. sole
N.Z. southern arrow squid
Rig
Brill
School shark
Globefish
Turbot
Wood
Blue warehou
Kahawai
Yellowbelly flounder
Leatherjacket
Sea squirt
Slender sprat
Ahuru
Jellyfish
Estuary stargazer
Ling
Crab
Lemon sole
Paddle crab
Sprat
Common roughy
Witch
Hoki
Sea cucumber
Seahorse
Dark toadfish
Zearaja nasutus
Chelidonichthys kumu
Rhombosolea plebeia
Conger spp.
Cephaloscyllium isabellum
Dipturus innominatus
Peltorhamphus
novaezeelandiae
Nototodarus sloanii
Mustelus lenticulatus
Colistium guntheri
Galeorhinus galeus
Contusus richei
Colistium nudipinnis
Wood
Seriolella brama
Arripis trutta
Rhombosolea leporina
Parika scaber
Ascidiacea
Sprattus antipodum
Auchenoceros punctatus
20.5
12.8
9.3
8
5.8
4.6
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.5
1.7
1.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
100
33
17
67
67
50
17
17
100
17
17
50
17
33
83
17
33
17
33
33
33
50
17
17
17
17
17
17
15
15
18
15
15
15
16
15
15
24
15
15
15
15
15
18
15
18
15
16
15
15
15
24
18
15
24
15
25
25
20
20
25
20
19
16
25
25
16
25
16
20
20
20
20
20
25
20
19
20
16
25
20
16
25
16
10–30 m
Leptoscopus macropygus
Genypterus blacodes
Decapoda
Pelotretis flavilatus
Ovalipes catharus
Sprattus muelleri
Paratrachichthys trailli
Arnoglossus scapha
Macruronus novaezelandiae
Stichopus mollis
Hippocampus abdominalis
Neophrynichthys latus
2 999.9
Total catch 10–30 m
99
Appendix 5: Macro-invertebrates collected on the 2009 survey.
Occurrence
Taxon
Porifera
Arenosclera n. sp. 2
Callyspongia n. sp. 2
Callyspongia n. sp. 12
Callyspongia cf bathami
Chondropsis cf n. sp. 4
Dactylia n. sp. 1
Dactylia palmata
Euryspongia n. sp. 4
Iophon proximum
Psammocinia n. sp. 1
Paraesperella n. sp. 2
Tedania diversirhaphidiophora Brondsted, 1923
2
14
6
4
1
4
3
1
1
3
1
1
Cnidaria: Anthozoa
Actiniaria
6
Cnidaria: Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa
2
Mollusca: Gastropoda
Astraea heliotropium
Austrofusus glans
Nudibranchia
Semicassis pyrum
1
1
3
1
Mollusca: Bivalvia
Zygochlamys delicatula
1
Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Sepioloidea
1
Annelida: Polychaeta
Chloeia inermis
Pseudopotamilla pseudopotamilla-B
1
1
Annelida: Hirudinea
Hirudinea
2
Arthropoda: Chelicerata
Colossendeis sp.
1
Crustacea: Stomatopoda
Pterygosquila schizodontia (Richardson, 1953)
3
Crustacea: Sessilia
Notomegabalanus decorus
Crustacea: Decapoda
Leptomithrax longipes
Nectocarcinus antarcticus
3
8
100
Appendix 5 – continued
Notomegabalanus decorus
Pagurus novizealandiae
Paguristes subpilosus
Thacanophrys filholi
Uroptychus sp.
1
1
1
3
1
Bryozoa:
Arachnopusia unicornis
Celleporina hemiperistomata
Celleporina sinuata
Diaperoecia purpurascens
Figularia huttoni
Galeopsis polyporus
Hippomenella vellicata
Microporella agonistes
Odontionella cyclops
Smittoidea maunganuiensis
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Echinodermata: Echinoidea
Fellaster zelandiae
Pseudechinus huttoni
1
2
Echinodermata: Asteroidea
Sclerasterias mollis
Pteraster (Apterodon) bathamae
Diplodontias miliaris
Coscinasterias muricata
1
1
1
1
Echinodermata: Holothuroidea
Bathyplotes moselyi
10
Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea
Ophiopsammus maculata
1
Chordata: Ascidacea
Pyura pachydermatina
1
101
Appendix 6: Length weight coefficients used to scale length frequencies. – data missing. DB, NIWA trawl
database. W = aLb where W is weight (g) and L is length (cm).
Species
Barracouta
Blue cod
Blue warehou
Dark ghost shark
Chilean jack mackerel
Elephantfish
Giant stargazer
Hapuku
Hoki
Leatherjacket
Lemon sole
Ling
Red cod
Red gurnard
Rig
Rough skate
School shark
Sea perch
Silver warehou
Smooth skate
Spiny dogfish
Tarakihi
a
b
n
Min.
Range
Max.
0.0055
0.0122
0.0144
0.0022
0.0171
0.0049
0.0135
0.0078
0.0046
0.0088
0.0080
0.0013
0.0098
0.0087
0.0032
0.0343
0.0018
0.0109
0.0048
0.0365
0.0024
0.0118
2.9812
3.0746
3.1050
3.2562
3.2700
3.1654
3.0569
3.1400
2.8840
3.2110
3.1278
3.2801
2.9861
3.0540
3.0690
2.8708
3.2333
3.1365
3.3800
2.8603
3.1049
3.1287
429
2137
338
705
488
378
420
307
525
23.8
12
27.4
23.8
30.7
13.4
10.5
49
22
87.2
47
69.6
72.9
62
91
73.6
108
110
524
179
643
384
128
452
156
782
262
331
1 490
535
14.6
32.2
11.1
27
36.7
10.9
34.2
10.7
16.6
21.2
25.9
12.1
41.2
123.7
72.9
57
123
71
137
42.8
57.8
127
94.9
42.4
102
Data source
DB, KAH9701
DB, LHR9501
DB, TAN9604
This survey
DB, TAN9502
DB, KAH9618
This survey
DB, TAN9301
DB, SHI8301
DB, IKA8003
DB, KAH9809
DB, KAH0004
This survey
DB, KAH9606
This survey
This survey
This survey
This survey
DB, TAN502
This survey
This survey
This survey