APUSH
Mr. BOOTHBY
3/8/2016
The Learning Target
: The Cold War Begins Pt1
Sunbelt/ Economic Boom / RUSH TO THE SUBERBS+ BABY BOOMERS & 1950’s!
http://www.apnotes.net/notes-12e/ch37-12e.html
REACTION: Turn to page 865 NOW!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkWtUWKdgck
1 FULL PAGE MINIMUM!
If you could travel back in time to the era of the 1950’s with a large TrainFreight Container and 5,000.00 cash (With way back of coarse)…
What would you purchase to have in 2017?
Or
What do you find most fascinating about the 50’s?
Silently Read Pages 858-866 (1 full page MINIMUM!)
1) Why did the economy struggle as price controls were removed
following World War 2?
2) Why did Congress pass the Taft-Hartley Act? How would this help or
hurt the economy? Does this show the text has a bias???
3) What was the Servicemen's Readjustment Act and how did it
stimulate industry and the US economy?
4) What was happening to US economy between the years of 1950-1970.
Why was this taking place? Who got many of the “new jobs”?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) Discuss the rush to the “Sunbelt” and why this took place? Who was
moving into the “suburbs” during the Baby Boom? Why was it called a
Baby Boom (1946-1964)? Why so many babies following September
1945-NOT ROCKET SCIENCE IF
YOU THINK ABOUT IT… One of the most iconic 1940’s pics!
Hitler needs to die soon!
FINISH HIM…
KEYS***In the 15 years after 1945, the birth rate in the United States exploded as the "baby boom"
took place. More than 50 million babies were born by the end of the 1950s. By 1973, the birth rates
had dropped below the point necessary to maintain existing population figures.
Tonight Read 866-879 YES + NOTES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1) Why did the economy struggle as price controls were removed
following World War 2?
In the initial postwar years, the economy struggled and prices of
consumer goods increased because the wartime price controls were
removed. A series of strikes swept over the country in 1946.
2) Why did Congress pass the Taft-Hartley Act? How would this help
or hurt the economy? Does this show the text has a bias???
In 1947, the Republican Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act over
President Truman's veto. It outlawed "closed" (all-union)
businesses, made unions liable for damages that resulted from
jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union
leaders to take a noncommunist oath. Taft-Hartley was just one of
several obstacles that slowed the growth of organized labor in the
years following WWII.
3) What was the Servicemen's Readjustment Act and how did it
stimulate industry and the US economy?
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of Rights / GI
Bill), made money available to send former WWII soldiers to school.
This bill raised educational levels and stimulated the construction
industry; this helped to create the economic expansion that started
in the late 1940s.
4) What was happening to US economy between the years of 19501970. Why was this taking place? Who got many of the “new jobs”?
From 1950s to the 1970s, the American economy grew rapidly.
Incomes rose, the middle class expanded, and Americans accounted
for 40% of the planet's wealth. The economic growth changed the
face of politics and society. It paved the war for the success of the
civil rights movement; it funded new welfare programs; and it gave
Americans the confidence to exercise international leadership in the
Cold War era.
Most new jobs created after WWII went to women, as the service
sector of the economy dramatically outgrew the old industrial and
manufacturing sectors.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) Discuss the rush to the “Sunbelt” and why this took place? Who
was moving into the “suburbs” during the Baby Boom? Why was it
called a Baby Boom (1946-1964)? Why so many babies following
September 1945-NOT ROCKET SCIENCE IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT!
Economic prosperity caused by WWII enabled people to move about
the country at a higher rate than in the past (population mobility).
The "Sunbelt" is a 15-state area stretching along the southern
portion of the U.S. from Virginia to California. The population in this
region grew nearly twice as fast as in the Northeast (the "Frostbelt").
In the 1950s, California alone accounted for 1/5 of the nation's
population growth. It became the most populous state in 1963.
People moved to the sunbelt in search of jobs, better climate, and
lower taxes. The sunbelt states' economic prosperity was large due
to the fact that this region received significantly more federal money
that the North. The industrial region of the Ohio Valley (the
"Rustbelt") was especially hit hard as a result of the loss in federal
funds and population.
Throughout the country, home ownership became increasingly
popular and many white Americans moved from the city to the newly
created suburbs. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and
Veterans Administration (VA) made home-loan guarantees, making it
more economical to own a home in the suburbs rather than rent an
apartment in the city.
The construction industry expanded in the 1950s and 1960s.
"White flight" to the suburbs left the inner cities poverty-stricken.
Migrating blacks from the South moved into the abandoned inner
cities. The FHA often refused blacks home mortgages for private
home purchases, thus limiting black mobility out of the inner cities.
The Postwar Baby Boom
In the 15 years after 1945, the birth rate in the United States exploded
as the "baby boom" took place. More than 50 million babies were
born by the end of the 1950s. By 1973, the birth rates had dropped
below the point necessary to maintain existing population figures.
SUPPORT!
1) What was the purpose of the FHA & USHA? What did it do? Was it a
good idea?
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), passed in 1934,
attempted to improve the home-building industry. It gave small loans
to homeowners for the purpose of improving their homes and buying
new ones. The United States Housing Authority (USHA) was passed
in 1937. It was designed to lend money to states or communities for
low-cost housing developments.
2) What was the Social Security Act of 1935? The book makes it sound
like everyone loved it, but newspapers of the era show a different
story…Why might this be? (Hint: Do you enjoy being forced to pay
something???) The Social Security Act of 1935 provided federal-state
unemployment insurance. To provide security for old age, specified
categories of retired workers were to receive regular payments from
Washington. Social Security was inspired by the example of some of the
more highly industrialized nations of Europe.
The purpose of Social Security was to provide support for urbanized
Americans who could not support themselves with a farm. In the past,
Americans could support themselves by growing food on their farm. Now,
they relied solely on money from their job. If they lost their job, they could
not eat.
Republicans opposed Social Security because it looks like a step towards
Communism and growth in Gov. Power!
3) What were a few “New Deal” acts that helped the labor movement
(NLRA of 1935, etc.…)?National Labor Relations Act of 1935?
Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner
Act) to help labor unions. This law created a powerful National Labor
Relations Board for administrative purposes and it reasserted the
rights of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain
collectively through representatives of its own choice.
Unskilled workers began to organize under leadership from John L.
Lewis, boss of the United Mine Workers. He formed the Committee
for Industrial Organization (CIO) in 1935. The CIO led a series of
strikes, including the sit-down strike at the General Motors
automobile factory in 1936.
4) Why do many students of today dislike the FLS Act of 1938? Does it
seem logical to have this in place? Do you support it yet???
Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act (Wages and Hours
Bill) in 1938. Industries involved in interstate commerce were to set
up minimum-wage and maximum-hour levels. Labor by children
under the age of 16 was forbidden.
5) President began creeping his control into socialist/communist
territory and in the section “Nine Old Men on the Supreme Bench”
this almost overpowering action is examined. Do you think he seized
too much power? How did this relate to the Supreme Court???
Ratified in 1933, the 20th Amendment shortened the period from
election to inauguration by 6 weeks.
Roosevelt saw his reelection as a mandate to continue the New Deal
reforms. The Supreme Court was dominated by older
ultraconservatives who attempted to stop many of the "socialistic"
New Deal programs. With continuous Democrat wins in Congress
and the presidency, Roosevelt felt that the American people wanted
the New Deal. He argued that the Supreme Court needed to get in
line with public opinion. In 1937, Roosevelt proposed legislation that
would allow him to add liberal justices to the Court: a new justice
would be added for every member over the age of 70 who would not
retire. The plan received much negative feedback. The plan was
referred to as the Court-packing plan.
The public criticized Roosevelt for attempting to tamper with the Supreme
Court. This was an affront on the system of checks and balances.
Possibly to due public pressure, the Supreme Court began to support New
Deal legislation. This included Justice Owen J. Roberts, who was formerly
regarded as a conservative.
A series of deaths and resignations of justices allowed Roosevelt to
appoint 9 justices to the Court.
The Supreme Court controversy in 1937 cost FDR a lot of political capital.
Because of this, few New Deal reforms were passed after 1937.