Acid and
Organic Compounds
Naming and Formula Review
Acids
Acids are compounds that contain Hydrogen and produce H+
ions when dissolved in water (aq). H+ ions are incredibly
powerful because they have NO electrons, which exposes the
bare nucleus.
Binary Acids – Consist of two elements, the first one always
being Hydrogen. The second element will be a non-metal and
always ends in “ide”.
Acids
Oxy Acids – Consist of two ions (3 or more elements), the first
one being hydrogen. The second ion is a complex ion that
contains oxygen and will end in “ate” or “ite
To Name Oxy Acids:
i) “Pluck off” the H’s and identify the negative ion
ii) The negative ion determines the name of the acids
iii) The H’s have nothing to do with the naming
Try some!
HCl(aq)
H3AsO4(aq)
HClO2(aq)
ACIDNAME
Hydrochloric acid
Arsenic acid
Chlorous acid
ACID TYPE
Binary
Oxy
Oxy
HF(aq)
________________________________
H2S(aq)
________________________________
H2CO3(aq)
________________________________
HNO2(aq)
_______________________________
**To get the formula from the name you just reverse this process
Hydrocarbons – compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Organic compounds in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been
replaced by other atoms are considered to be derivatives of hydrocarbons.
Although simple in structure, hydrocarbons constitute the building blocks for
more complex organic molecules. The longest carbon chain in a hydrocarbon
molecule is frequently referred to as the carbon backbone.
When structural diagrams of hydrocarbons are made, often only the skeleton
and associated bonds are drawn.
Ex.
H
H
H
H–C–C–C–H
H
C-C–C
H H
Prefixes:
1 carbon – meth
2 carbon – eth
3 carbon – prop
4 carbon – but
5 carbon – pent
6 carbon – hex
7 carbon – hept
8 carbon – oct
9 carbon – non
10 carbon - dec
Organic Molecules
Alkanes – are a type of hydrocarbon that are straight or
branched chains, saturated compounds, containing only
single bonds.
General formula Cn H2n +2
“n” is the number of carbon atoms
To name an alkane, it gets a prefix based on the number
of carbon atoms in the compound
The compound name gets the suffix “ane”
> CH4 _______________________
>
C2H6 _______________________
>
C5H12 _______________________
Draw them
>
CH4
>
C2H6
>
C5H12
Alkenes - are a type of hydrocarbon that are straight or branched
chains, saturated compounds, containing double bonds.
General formula CnH2n
“n” is the number of carbon atoms
To name an alkene, it gets a prefix based on the number of
carbon atoms in the compound:
The compound name gets the suffix “ene”
>
C2H4 _________________________________
>
C3H6 _________________________________
>
C6H12
________________________________
– Because the location of the double bond is important and effects
properties, it needs to be identified.
Draw them
>
C2H4
>
2-C3H6
>
4-C6H12