APENDIX 21.A Economic Indicators Appendix 21 A includes data on different measures of a country’s economic output and
the amount of that output spent on research and development. It would be assumed
that richer countries would have higher ranked national educational systems which are
the case with the U21 rankings, as seen in Table 21.1.A. China is an outlier in the QS
rankings and Pakistan’s highest ranking here is 99 in any of our measures.
TABLE 21.1 A. National System Rankings, Population, and Economic Indicators
Per capita and yr.
U21
16
QS
Pop
216 est 16
WDI
1
3
2
22
World
Development
Indicators
GDP PPP
GDP GNI PPP
GNI
PC 15
PC 15
PC 15
PC 15
Intl $
cur US$ Int $
cur US$
United States
United Kingdom
1
4
Singapore
8
21
114
Australia
10
4
16
New Zealand
Hong Kong
Japan
Taiwan 1
Korea
Malaysia
Saudi Arabia
14
15
20
21
23
27
28
16
20
10
17
9
27
36
29
9
28
19
31
43
12
China
South Africa
Brazil
Turkey
Thailand
Iran
30
37
38
44
44
47
8
30
22
39
37
nr
53
124
101
11
54
27
45
41
1
24
5
18
20
17
8
6
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Viet Nam
49
50
Nr
Nr
24
42
46
nr
2
4
12
14
Pakistan
Red highest rank;
Green lowest rank
Nr
50
6
10
24
3
7
24
17
37
5
15
29
30
16
12
21
17
24
19
27
49
29
45
15
41
53
48
63
18
45
32
37
75
45
86
57
86
89
83
61
73
11
58
71
53
50
74
76*
96
113
88
84
100
90
124
99
118
126
133
98
84
86
92
99
151
127
133
154
156
97
114
89
88
118
111
171
146
145
154
DEFIN ITIONS AVAILABLE IN OECD Glossary: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/index.htm
GNI (Gross National Income per person) from World Bank accessed 7 October 2016 at:
http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/GNI-per-capita-Atlas-and-PPPtable
125
GDP (Gross Domestic Product per person)) from Passport (Euromonitor) proprietary analysis
sourced using IMF and OECD data accessed July 2016
PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)
Population from World Bank accessed 26 August
2016
Taiwan's population data from U S Census International Programs; GNI from national data
Table 21.2 A. compares system rank, population rank and rank for number of innovative
universities. There is no definitive pattern. I fact, the country with the highest percent of
GPD spent on R&D Korea and the one with the least, Saudi Arabia have both seen
increases in their institutions’ performance on world rankings while Japan, also highly
ranked in GERD spending and percent of GDP has seen its institutions fall in the
rankings.
Table 21.2: A. Gross Domestic Expenditures on R & D and Number of
Reuters Innovative Universities
GERD from NSF (2016)
Column Headings
3 & 4: GERD PPP $millions and world rank
5 & 6: GERD as % of GDP and rank
7 & 8: Reuters Top Innovative Universities rank for World and Asia Ranks
1
3
4
5
6
1
456,977.1
1
2.73
11
46
China ( 13)
30
336,495.4
2
2.08
16
2
18 1
Japan ( 13)
20
160,246.8
3
3.47
3
9
20
Korea ( 13)
23
68,937.0
5
4.15
2
8
20
UK (13)
India ( 11)
Taiwan ( 13)
Brazil ( 11)
4
49
21
38
39,858.8
36,195.5
30,511.2
27,430.0
8
9
10
11
1.63
0.81
2.99
1.21
22
41
7
29
5
COUNTRY and
ate of latest data
Number of Countries
US (13)
2
U21
50
7
8
By # of countries
"$000 WR %
WR
World
Asia
60
60
60 60
100
75
2
Australia ( 11)
Turkey ( 13)
Singapore ( 12)
Iran ( 08)
Malaysia ( 11)
South Africa ( 12)
New Zealand ( 13)
Pakistan ( 11)
Thailand ( 09)
Indonesia ( 09)
Saudi Arabia
1
Hong Kong
RED: Highest Rank
10
44
8
47
27
37
14
50(QS)
44
50
20,955.6
13,315.1
8,176.9
5,969.6
4,902.9
4,870.7
1,828.5
1,526.9
1,339.9
794.9
28
503.2
15
Green lowest rank
14
18
24
28
32
33
40
43
46
53
61
2.13
0.95
2.00
0.75
1.07
0.76
1.17
0.33
0.25
0.08
0.07
15
37
17
44
34
43
30
57
58
61
62
0.73
46
6
1
2
2
1
4
Hong Kong lumped with China in Reuters but results here are separate
From Table 4-4 International comparisons of gross domestic expenditures
on R $ D and share of GDP by county
NSF Data sources: OECD and UNESCO
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/ 16/nsb 161/#/data
Reuters data source: Incites
Reuters world top 100
www.reuters.com/article/amers-reuters-ranking-innovative-univers-idUSL2N1C406D
Reuters Asia top 75
www.reuters.com/article/asiapac-reuters-ranking-innovative-unive-idUSL1N1BA15E
1