Global History 10
Review sheet - Interwar Period
What to study:
1. Notes - Events between World War I and World War II (except
Gandhi, Atatürk)
2. Section 31-3
3. Section 31-4
Why did fascist leaders like Mussolini and Hitler appeal to many
people in the 1920's and 1930's?
By the mid 1930's only which country was still a democracy in Eastern Europe?
What kind of government is Nazism?
Which fascist countries took others' territory during the interwar period?
Why did Japan invade Manchuria?
Why was the Munich conference an example of appeasement?
Il Duce (not Il Divo)
What does fascism stress?
What effect did the German-Soviet non-aggression pact have
on Europe?
terms: fascism, Benito Mussolini, Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf,
lebensraum, appeasement, Axis Powers, Francisco Franco,
isolationism, Third Reich, Munich Conference
Events between World War I and World War II
I. End of World War I
● Versailles Treaty places "war guilt" on Germany, she must pay reparations
● German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and Ottoman Empire dissolve, replaced by newer
states (i.e. Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Turkey etc.).
II. Nationalism
● Atatürk establishes modern Turkey - a secular state (see sheet on Atatürk's reforms)
● Gandhi works for Indian independence from Britain (see Gandhi sheet)
● Reza Khan establishes an independent Iran (removing British and Russian influence)
● Ibn Saud establishes and expands Saudi Arabia during the years 1902-1932
● Sun Yat-sen (also known as Sun Yixian) founds the Republic of China - not a strong government
● Civil war 1927-1950: Mao Zedong (Communists) and Chiang Kai-Shek (also known as Jiang Jieshi) (Nationalists)
fight for control of China
III. Worldwide changes
● Women receive the right to vote in many nations between 1918 and 1930 (including the Great Britain and the
USA).
● 1929 stock market crash in the US triggered a world wide depression, led to the rise of totalitarian leaders
IV. Totalitarian leaders (Fascism and Communism)
● Leaders take advantage of poor economic conditions and nationalism
● Lenin founds the USSR in 1922
● Stalin takes control after Lenin's death in 1924, ran a repressive, police controlled state.
● Mussolini rises to power in Italy
● Hitler rises to power in Germany (see notes on the Nazi rise to power).
Events between World War I and World War II
I. End of World War I
● Versailles Treaty places "war guilt" on Germany, she must pay reparations
● German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and Ottoman Empire dissolve, replaced by newer
states (i.e. Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland,Yugoslavia, Turkey etc.).
II. Nationalism
● Atatürk establishes modern Turkey - a secular state (see sheet on Atatürk's reforms)
● Gandhi works for Indian independence from Britain (see Gandhi sheet)
● Reza Khan establishes an independent Iran (removing British and Russian influence)
● Ibn Saud establishes and expands Saudi Arabia during the years 1902-1932
● Sun Yat-sen (also known as Sun Yixian) founds the Republic of China - not a strong government
● Civil war 1927-1950: Mao Zedong (Communists) and Chiang Kai-Shek (also known as Jiang Jieshi) (Nationalists)
fight for control of China
III. Worldwide changes
● Women receive the right to vote in many nations between 1918 and 1930 (including the Great Britain and the
USA).
● 1929 stock market crash in the US triggered a world wide depression, led to the rise of totalitarian leaders
IV. Totalitarian leaders (Fascism and Communism)
● Leaders take advantage of poor economic conditions and nationalism
● Lenin founds the USSR in 1922
● Stalin takes control after Lenin's death in 1924, ran a repressive, police controlled state.
● Mussolini rises to power in Italy
● Hitler rises to power in Germany (see notes on the Nazi rise to power).
India and Mahatma Gandhi
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Many upper class Indians were educated in British schools.
They learned the Western ideals of nationalism and democracy.
They also grew angry at British domination of Indian life.
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After World War I, the British promised to give the Indian people
greater self rule.
●
After the war, returning Indian soldiers were once again treated
as second class citizens. Reforms were not made.
●
●
About 10,000 Indians gathered at Amritsar to protest British actions.
British troops fired on the crowd, killing several hundred.
●
●
Mohandas K. Gandhi became the leader of India’s protest movement.
He organized a widespread campaign of noncooperation with the
British and passive resistance to unjust laws.
He asked Indians to stop buying British goods, attending British schools,
paying British taxes, or voting in British-run elections.
He also convinced his followers to take these actions without using violence.
In 1947, British India (today's India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) won it's
independence from Britain
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