UNIT 2: The Chemistry of Life
Biology I
DAYSHEET 34: Introduction to Enzymes
Name _____________________________________
Date: __________
Directions: On the SOL & Term Assessments, GRAPHS AND TABLES ARE YOUR
FRIEND! These questions usually do not require any specific scientific knowledge to answer –
you just have to CAREFULLY read the graph or table! Look at the graphs and tables below and
write one complete sentence describing what each graph is showing. Then answer the SOL
question.
1. This table shows ____________________
____________________________________
2. This graph shows ___________________
____________________________________
3. This table shows ____________________
____________________________________
4. This graph shows ___________________
____________________________________
Activity 1: Cornell Notes
Activity
1: Cornell Notes
Biology Objective:
Essential Questions
#1:
Notes:
•
All of the chemical reactions in your body are called ___________________
•
Enzymes are a type of _____________________________
•
Enzymes are made of _____________________________
•
Enzymes are __________________ = things that speed up chemical reaction
STOP-AND-JOT: How do enzymes help metabolism function?
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
#2:
•
Enzymes work by lowering ___________________________ energy= the
energy needed to get a reaction started
•
Activation energy works just like ________________________________ ,
slowing down chemical reactions
•
Lowering activation energy ______________________ chemical reactions!
•
Complete the graph below to show how enzymes work:
STOP-AND-JOT:
What is the difference between a catalyzed and an uncatalyzed reaction?
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
How do enzymes catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions?
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Essential Questions
Notes:
#3:
•
_____________________ = the molecule(s) an enzyme attaches to
•
____________________________ = part of the enzyme that fits the substrate
•
An enzyme fits onto its substrate like a _____________________________
•
Label the following in the above picture: enzyme, substrate, active site
SUMMARY:
Directions: Use the graph below and your notes and answer the questions
1 2 1. Which letter on the graph represents the reactants? _______
2. Which letter on the graph represents the products? _________
3. Which letter(s) on the graph represent(s) the activation energy? ________
4. Which line (1 or 2) on the graph represents a reaction with an enzyme? ______
5. Which line (1 or 2) on the graph represents an uncatalyzed reaction? _______
6. What do enzymes do? _____________________________________________
1 _________________________________________________________________
Activity 2: Enzyme Challenge Problems
Enzymes are important biological macromolecules that do work in all living things. Plants, animals and
prokaryotes all depend on enzyme to break down large molecules or build new ones. Enzymes are
made up of one or more proteins, and proteins are made based on information found in your DNA. Of
course, there are even enzymes that make other enzymes!
Step 1
1. Molecule C is a large protein (or several proteins together) that we call an ________________.
2. Molecules A and B are called substrate, and are usually _______________ or building blocks of
larger macromolecules.
3. Which of the four major biological macromolecules is C made of?
Step 2
4. Molecules A and B are now bound to molecule C’s ______________ ______________.
5. When C is bound to A and B, it is an ____________ _____________ _____________.
6. Is molecule C breaking apart (decomposing) or building (synthesizing) a macromolecule?
7. If a solution is too acidic or basic, molecule C can ________________ or change it shape so
that A and B will no longer fit.
Step 3
8. What will happen to molecule C now that the reaction is complete?
9. What are three things that affect how fast molecule C works?
10. Molecule D is made of building blocks represented by A and B. If D represents a polysaccharide, A
and B would represent ___________________.
HW 34: Enzymes
Name: ______________________________
Biology I
Date ___________________
Enzymes & Chemical Reactions: Use your reading strategies to receive full credit for your work. Organisms must be able to quickly turn reactants in a chemical reaction into product. This speed helps to ensure proper metabolic function, which maintains homeostasis. This is a key characteristic of life! In class, we discussed speed bumps and their role regulating the speed of traffic on busy streets. Remember that speed bumps are designed to slow traffic down. We have a similar “bump” in biology! Although speed bumps are necessary when regulating traffic, they can be deadly in living things. The body must be able to lower these “bumps” to ensure that our chemical reactions happen as quickly as possible. Enzymes are special proteins designed to lower these “bumps.” In chemical reactions, these bumps are called ACTIVATION ENERGY. The higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction! Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by making these chemical speed bumps smaller. If a chemical reaction has an enzyme present, it is a CATALYZED reaction. Catalyzed reactions will always proceed faster than uncatalyzed reactions. 1. Which statement about enzymes is true? a. Enzymes are consumed during chemical reaction. b. Enzymes provide energy to activate a chemical reaction. c. Enzymes provide a site on which reactants can combine. d. Enzymes increase the concentration of reactant particles. 2. How are enzymes able to speed up biochemical reactions? a. They provide energy to the reactants. b. They absorb energy from the products. c. They lower the activation energy of the reaction. d. They increase the number of available reactant particles. Look at the graph below to answer questions 3-­‐6. 3. Which of the chemical reactions has a lower activation energy in the graph above, the catalyzed or the uncatalyzed reaction? ______________________________________ 4. Which of the chemical reactions (catalyzed of uncatalyzed) in the graph above will happen at a faster rate? _____________________________________ 5. Which of the chemical reactions above (catalyzed or uncatalyzed) has an enzyme present? _________________________________ 6. Using the graph above, which chemical reaction will have a lower activation energy (with enzyme or without an enzyme)? ___________________________________