2/1/17
!! Time%management%worksheets%due%now!%
Bio 125 lecture #5 (1/31/17)
!! Lecture%Quiz%2%next%class!%On%lectures%3<4%(previous%2)%
!! Lab%Quiz%1%on%Plankton%&%Intertidal%labs%this%week%
I.! Salinity%
A.!Defined%
B.!Global%Variation%
C.!Why%the%sea%is%salty%
D.!Challenge:%osmosis%
1.! Osmoconformers%
2.! Osmoregulators%
II.!Rocky%shore%intertidal%Challenges%&%Adaptations%(con’t%from%Thurs)%
5.! Temperature%
6.! Salinity%%
7.! Feeding%%
8.! Predation%
III.! Natural%Selection%&%Evolution%
A.! Early%thought:%Creationism%
B.! %The%‘evolution’%of%Evolution%
1.! Malthus%–%population%limits%
2.! Lamarckism%
3.! Fossils%
4.! Lyell%%<%Geologic%record%
5.! Darwin%&%Wallace%
C.! Natural%Selection%
1.! Definition%
2.! Criteria:%
a.! Genetic%variation%
b.! Overproduction%of%offspring%
c.! Competition%for%resources%
d.! Differential%survival%&/or%reproduction%
Challenges for life in the ocean
Salinity
%
Salinity
# of grams of salt left when evaporate 1000 g of seawater
Salinity: Many minerals
35g from 1000g seawater =
35 parts per thousand
35 ppt = 35 ‰
Rule of constant proportions
Sea Surface Salinity
Why is the ocean salty?
Water:
The universal
solvent
(dissolves salts)
Electrical charges
attract e/o
http://www.salinityremotesensing.ifremer.fr/sea-­surface-­salinity/salinity-­distribution-­
at-­the-­ocean-­surface
1
2/1/17
Salinity affects organisms
Osmostic conformers:
Cell salt content = external salinity
Osmotic regulators: control salt content of cells
Challenges & Adaptations of life in the
rocky intertidal
Rocky intertidal adaptations
6. Salinity variation
& extremes
Rocky intertidal adaptations
5. Drastic
temperature
changes
Rocky intertidal adaptations
7. Feeding/ Food supply
2
2/1/17
8. Intertidal predators
Speaking of predators……Inuits
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-­environment-­12241053
Natural Selection – the Mechanism of Evolution
Creation Myths
Hutash, Chumash Goddess & the Rainbow Bridge
Sedna, Inuit Goddess of the Sea
http://www.wilderutopia.com/traditions/myth
/chumash-­story-­seeds-­of-­creation-­and-­the-­
rainbow-­bridge/
Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
Creation myths share 2 general features:
1) Earth and inhabitants created by divine powers
2) Creation is in the image of creator(s), and does not change
3
2/1/17
Rev Thomas Robert Malthus
aka ‘Pop (Population) Malthus”
1798 Essay on overpopulation”
Charles Lyell
1830: Principles in Geology
Jean Baptist Lamarck
1809: Philosophie Zoologique
Charles Darwin
HMS Beagle
1831-­1836
Darwin influenced by:
Lamarck -­ Philosophie zoologique 1809
Thomas Malthus’ essay 1798
Charles Lyell – Principles in Geology 1830
Selective breeding
Charles Darwin’s voyage on HMS Beagle (1831-­1836)
Natural Selection requires…
Alfred Russel Wallace
(1823-­1913) Indo-­Pacific exploration
4
2/1/17
Lecture #5 (1/31/17): Study Questions
Salinity:
1. Define salinity, stating the ocean average value and units of measure.
2. Where do salts in the ocean come from?
3. Briefly explain why the ocean is salty by explaining why water is so good at dissolving salts (include characteristics of water molecules).
4. Define diffusion & osmosis.
5. Define osmoconformer & provide a marine example. Explain why & when osmosis can be dangerous for them.
6. Define osmoregulator & provide a marine example. Lecture #5 (1/31/17): Study Questions
Intertidal Challenges & Adaptations:
1. List 5 adaptations to temperature variation caused by exposure in the intertidal. Provide an example organism for each.
2. What causes salinity to fluctuate more in intertidal than other areas of the ocean?
3. List 3 different modes of feeding that occur in the ocean and provide an example organism for each. Which can be most limiting for those that are intertidal organisms?
Lecture #5 (1/31/17): Study Questions
Evolution:
4. Define ‘creationism’ (aka ‘essentialism’). State 2 characteristics of this idea.
5. Darwin set off on his voyage in 1831 with 4 key new scientific observations & thoughts, and one old one. List & briefly describe each one.
6. Who came up with the theory of natural selection and how did it differ from essentialism?
7. Define natural selection and list the 3 key conditions required for it to occur.
5