‫כימיה כללית ‪1‬‬
‫פרופ' צבי קורן‬
‫שנקר – בי"ס גבוה להנדסה ולעיצוב‪ ,‬רמת‪-‬גן‬
‫‪E-mail: [email protected]‬‬
‫‪©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07‬‬
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‫נושא ‪1‬‬
‫מבוא‪ :‬הכלים המתמטיים בכימיה (תירגול)‬
‫נוטציה מדעית‪.‬‬
‫• המערכת המטרית‪.‬‬
‫• יחידות מדידה ותחיליות‪.‬‬
‫• מערכת ה‪S.I. -‬‬
‫• ְס ָפרות מציינות (‪.)Significant Figures‬‬
‫• חישובים כימיים ע"י שיטת ה‪.Unit Conversion Factor -‬‬
‫‪©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07‬‬
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‫מדידות‬
density = mass/volume
d,  = m/V
For H2O(l):
d
 1.0 g/mL
For liquid mercury: dHg = 13.6 g/mL
(Note: 1
cm3
= 1 mL)
cm3  cubic centimeter  c.c.
Temperature
Fahreheit,
Celsius (Centigrade),
Kelvin
K = oC + 273.15o
oF
= (oC x 1.8) + 32o
Rankine:
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©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07
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©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07
‫ הטבלה המחזורית – תנ"ך הכימיה‬:‫מבוא לכימיה‬
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev
Dmitri
Mendeleev
(1869)
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©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07
Derivation of Element Names and Symbols – People, Places, and Things
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Element
Symbol
Date of
Discovery
Discoverer
(Country)
Berkelium
Bk
1950
Copper
Cu
Ancient
Einsteinium
Es
1952
Iron
Fe
Ancient
Latin, ferrum
Lead
Pb
Ancient
Latin, plumbum, meaning heavy
Oxygen
O
1774
Silver
Ag
Ancient
Latin, argentum
Tin
Sn
Ancient
Latin, stannum
Tungsten
W
1783
G.T. Seaborg,
S.G. Thompson,
A. Ghiorso (USA)
Derivation of Name or
Symbol
Berkeley, California (site of Seaborg’s
laboratory)
Latin, cuprum, derived from Cyprium,
the island of Cyprus, the main source
of copper in the ancient world.
A. Ghiorso (USA)
J. Priestley (UK),
K.W. Scheele
(Sweden)
J.J. and F. de
Elhuyer (Spain)
Albert Einstein
French, oxygene, generator of acid,
derived from the Greek, oxy and
genes, meaning acid-forming; oxygen
was thought to be part of all acids
Name from Swedish, tung sten,
meaning heavy stone; symbol from
wolframite, a mineral
©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07
The Periodic Table Matrix
Modern Periodic Table
is based on
“Atomic Numbers”
Groups, Columns, Families
Main group elements
Transition group elements
Periods, Rows
Lanthanides & Actinides
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids, Semimetals
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Coinage metals
Halogens
Noble gases
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©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07
Liquid & Gaseous Elements
@ room temperature (25 C)
@ Room Temperature
0
(all others are solids)
H
He
B
N O F Ne
Al
Cl Ar
Ga
Br Kr
Xe
Cs
Hg
Rn
Fr
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©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07
Stable Elements as Diatomic Molecules
(@ Room Temperature)
H2, N2, O2, F2, ‫הנוף‬
Cl2 ‫כולו‬
Br2 ‫בר‬
I2
‫י‬
H
At2 ‫א‬
NO F
Cl
Br
I
At
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©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07
Some Web Sites on the Periodic Table and Elements
http://140.198.18.108/periodic/periodic.html
http://www.webelements.com
http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
http://smisoftware.com/Html/Downloads.htm (choose: Periodic Table)
:‫בעברית‬
http://www.ort.org.il/elements
http://www.zinman.org.il/html/bio/acid/mendelev2.html
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©Prof. Zvi C. Koren 21.10.07