University of Qatar
College of Science
Department of Chemistry
Course Description
For
CHEM341: Physical Chemistry II
1. Catalog Description: Chemical kinetics, reaction orders, first, second and third orders, reactions
approaching equilibrium, parallel first order reactions, consecutive elementary reactions, the MichaelsMenten mechanism, the Lindemann-Hinshelwood mechanism− molecular dynamics, theories of the rate
constant (collision theory and activated complex theory), photochemistry, chain- and radical reactions,
polymerization reactions− dynamic electrochemistry, diffusion and conductance, the electrical double layer,
the rate of charge transfer, polarization, electrolysis – processes at solid surfaces, surface growth, surface
composition, surface sensitive techniques, adsorption.
2. Prerequisite: CHEM241
3. Credit hrs: 3hr lectures.
4. Text book: Physical chemistry; P. W. Atkins.
References:
1. Basic Physical Chemistry, Walter J. Moore, University of Sydney
Prentice/Hall International, Inc.1983.
2. http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/116exams/kinetics.html
3. file://D:\Acids%20&Bases.htm
4. http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/116exams/electro.html
5. file://D:\Thermodynamics%20and%20Kinetics.htm
6. file://D:\Electrochemistry-2.htm
7. http://www.cheng.cam
/ groups/electrochem/ .ac.uk/research
JAVA/electrochemistry/ELEC
5. Reference books: Physical Chemistry, R. A. Alberty, Introduction to Surface
Chemistry and Catalysis, G. A. Somorjai,
6. Schedule and breakdown of grade:
Semester
Spring 2009
Lectures
Monday, Wednesday ( 9:30 – 10:45 )
Room
SB228
Credit Hours
3
Contact hours
Lectures 3
Instructor:
Amina Sultan Aljaber
Office Hours
Sunday – Tuesday 10 :00-11:00 and Monday, 11:00 – 2:00
1
Building:
Arts and Sciences Building
Office Location:
SB204
Work Evaluation
Homework, Quizzes, Project
30%
First Exam
29/3/2010
15 %
Second Exam
3/5/2010
15 %
Make Up Exam
Final Examination
24/5/2010
By QU 40 %
7. Course contents
Chemical Kinetics
9 Hrs
The rate of a chemical reaction
ƒ Zero and first order reactions
ƒ Second order
ƒ Third order
ƒ Reverse and forward reactions, rate equilibrium
Accounting for the rate laws
ƒ Elementary reactions
ƒ Consecutive elementary reactions
ƒ The rate determining step
ƒ The steady state approximation
ƒ Enzyme kinetics: the Michaels-Menten mechanism
ƒ The Lindemann-Hinshelwood mechanism
4
Molecular dynamics
6 Hrs
The kinetic theory of gases
ƒ The Maxwell distribution of molecular speeds
ƒ Collision frequency and mean free path
Theories of the reaction rate constant
ƒ Collision theory
ƒ Activated complex theory (Eyring equation)
3
Photochemistry
6 Hrs
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3
Photochemical reactions
The quantum yield
Fluorescence
Radical- and chain reactions
Polymerization reactions
9 Hrs
Dynamic electrochemistry
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5
Diffusional and electrical mobility
Viscosity
2
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Conductance of electrolyte solutions
The electrical double layer
The rate of charge transfer
Polarization
Electrolysis
9 Hrs
Processes at Solid surfaces
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Surface growth.
Surface composition.
Surface sensitive techniques.
The adsorption processes.
Adsorption isotherms
The rate of adsorption and desorption.
Colloidal systems
ƒ Catalysis.
Total lecture hours
39
3
8. Computer Usage:
The students are requested to use computer to perform calculations, . They
are also asked to use the internet facility in lab reports.
8. Course outcomes and objectives:
Course objectives
Course Outcomes
1. Provide thorough
foundation in Chemical
Kinetics, Molecular
Dynamics,
Electrochemical kinetics
and Surface Chemistry
Chemical Kinetics
1.1. Define rate laws and reaction order.
1.2. Apply methods to determine the order (Integrated method,
method of the initial rate, isolation method and the logarithmi
method).
1.3. State and use Arrhenius equation.
1.4. Derive rate equations for reversible, parallel, and consecutive
reactions.
1.5. Figure out rate laws of some complex reactions via the steady
state approximation.
1.6. Predict the mechanism of reactions from rate equations.
1.7. Define chemical relaxation and derive the related equation.
Molecular Dynamics and Photochemistry
1.8. State the various forms of molecular speeds in gaseous state.
1.9. Recognize Maxwell equation and its applications.
1.10. Know the postulates of the collision theory.
1.11. Definition of the activated complex.
1.12. Relate electronic and vibrational energy levels to molecula
spectroscopy, absorption, emission and escitation spectra
1.13. Photochemical and chain reactions
1.14. Kinetics of some polymerization reactions
Transport Properties and Electrochemical kinetics
1.15. Relate molecular or ionic mobility to diffusional and
electrical transport
1.16. Understand the definition of diffusion coefficient and
specific conductance
1.17. Understand the definition of viscous flow and viscosity
1.18. Demonstrate the basic concepts of the electrical double
layer.
1.19. State the factors that affect the rate of charge transfer.
1.20. Recognize polarization.
1.21. Apply Butler-Volmer equation on electrolysis.
Surface Chemistry
1.22. Recognize defects on solid surfaces.
1.23. Compare between physisorption and chemisorption.
1.24. Figure out the reasons of using UHV in surface studies.
1.25. Demonstrate different surface sensitive techniques.
2. Solve physical
Use differentiation and integration to solve problems and
chemistry problems usin derive:
basic mathematics
• Rate laws of various orders
• Rate laws of complex reactions.
• Relaxation time.
• Quantum efficiency of photochemical reactions.
4
•
Collision Theory:
- Mean free path.
- Total number of collisions.
- Like-like collisions.
- Dissimilar collision.
- Energy-dependent reactive collision crosssection.
- The specific rate constant for a second-order
reaction.
- The steric factor, P.
• Activated complex theory:
- The Eyring equation.
- Transmission coefficient.
- Concentration of activated complex.
- Eyring equation.
- Thermodynamics functions of activation.
- Gibbs energy of activation.
- Entropy of activation.
- Enthalpy of activation.
- Steric factor and entropy.
ƒ Photochemistry
- Energy levels
- Kinetics of photochemical reactions,
chain reactions
ƒ Transport properties:
- Equations for diffusion and mobility,
electrolytic conductance, viscosity
• Irreversible electrochemistry:
- The rate of charge transfer.
- Cathodic and anodic currents densities.
- Exchange current density.
- Overpotential.
- Bulter-Volmer equation.
- Polarization.
• Surface Chemistry:
- The extent of adsorption.
- Adsorption isotherms:
a) Langmuir.
b) Total number of surface sites.
c) Isosteric enthalpy of adsorption.
d) BET
- Rates of adsorption and desorption.
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3. Understand how to
Molecular Dynamics:
apply physical models 3.1. Models to determine the rate constant:
to explain the course of
• Collision theory.
chemical reactions
• Activated complex theory.
3.2. Photochemistry:
Electronic and vibrational energy levels
Photochemical reactions
Singlets and triplets: Jablonski diagrams
Chain reactions
Polymerization reactions
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5.Develop Written 5.1. Exchange Emails and attached files of homework with the
instructor.
and oral
communication skill 5.2. Communicate orally in classroom in answering questions and
clarifying his/her understanding of the subject.
6. Acquire positive 6.1. Attend the classes regularly.
attitudes to plan for 6.2. Participate effectively during lectures.
career.
6.3. Demonstrate enthusiasm towards learning the subject.
6.4. Show evidences of thinking creatively.
6.5. List career opportunities in chemistry.
6.6. Identify responsibilities of a chemist.
Course Theoretical Contents:
1. Chemical Kinetics:
The rate of a chemical reaction Zero , First orderReactions Second order
and Third order. Effect of temperature on the reaction rate. Reactions approaching
equilibrium, Relaxation.
Parallel first order reaction, Accounting for the rate laws, Elementary
reactions
Consecutive elementary reactions, The rate determining step, The steady
state approximation
The Michaels-Menten mechanism, The LindemannHinshelwood mechanism
The rate of photochemical reactions
The quantum yield.
2. Molecular dynamics: Theories of the reaction rate constant, Collision
theory, Activated complex theory (Eyring equation).
3. Equilibrium electrochemistry: Ion activities-The Deby-Hückel law
The electrochemical cells, Nernst equation.The relation between E and
∆G.Concentration cells.Solubility constants.The measurements of pH
and pK.
4. Dynamic electrochemistry: Conductance of solution, The electrical
double layer, The rate of charge transfer, Polarization, Electrolysis.
5. Processes at Solid surfaces: Surface growth.Surface composition.
Surface sensitive techniques. The adsorption processes. Adsorption
isotherms. The rate of adsorption and desorption
Method of teaching
The methods of teaching will include:
•
Course documents, lectures
7
•
•
•
•
Interactive teaching
In-class group work
Take-home assignments
Presentations/seminars
Teaching Aids
•
Lecture provided as power point presentations
Students evaluation - Grading System
This course will be assessed by the active participation of the students during lectures, tests,
quizzes home works project and exams:
Assessment
Points
1. Presentations
10
2. Exams
1st Exam 15 points
2nd Exam 15 points
Final Exam 40 points
3. Quizzes
10
4. Home works
10
Teaching Aids
•
•
•
Lecture provided as power point presentations
There are homework sheets that are provided
The textbook
PowerPoint: Assessment Criteria
Students are required to give a PowerPoint presentation. Presentations should last no
longer than 7-10min (Grades are deducted for too long or too short presentations). The class
will be split into nine groups and the assessment will take place on the end of semester.
Exams and tests
Each exam (Tests, and final) will consist of multiple choice or true/false problem question
solving and comprehensive short questions
Quizzes
•
•
Approximately one quiz per two weeks. Quizzes will be given unannounced.
Each quiz will normally consist of five questions.
MAKEUPS: Makeup Exams will be given only under the following guidelines. The Makeup
Exam will be more difficult than the in-class exam in order to equalize the time advantage
given the student making up the exam. Only under the most extenuating circumstances will
any one student be allowed to make up more than one exam during a given semester.
ATTENDANCE: Regular attendance is strongly recommended. Past experience has shown
that students in my courses make better grades when they regularly attend class.
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Home work:
•
Worksheets are graded.
Course Content-Related Study Coaching
Study coaching is accomplished during
1. Ttheoretical lectures
2. At the end of each lectures, student will have the opportunity to ask for 5 min
questions to the instructor
4. Tthe possibility to consult me after the theoretical lectures or exercises, on
appointment
Exams and/or quizzes may not be taken early or late, home work will not be accepted
after the due date, with two exceptions:
•
•
Illness (certified )
Or any other unfortunate consequence (which must also be certified)
No other reasons are acceptable, so please plan on taking the tests as scheduled. The dates for
the mid-term exams are during regularly scheduled class times.
Final Thoughts: Education is not a passive process. Some things you can do to improve your
experience (and performance) in this class are:
• Get involved. Ask and answer questions in class. Take five minutes after each session
and try to answer separately the questions "What were the key points?" and "Do I
understand them?"
• Keep up. There is a certain amount of work in your own time required to succeed in this
class (how much depends on you). Many people find putting in a little time before and
after each class is much more efficient than all-night sessions before exams.
• Cultivate your interest. Science can be difficult but is the best way we have to
understand the physical world about us. Try to see your time in this course as an
opportunity to learn more about the fantastic complexity and elegance of nature.
Lectures:
Two 75 miutes lectures per week. Along with presentation and discussion of material, some
time will be used to answer questions and demonstrate problem-solving techniques. Although
most lectures will be structured around the presentation of a topic, I don't want the lectures to
be a "one-way street". You'll get the most out of the lectures by
1.) reading about the topic to be covered in the test before the lecture, and
2.) asking questions/helping to answer questions asked by others/generally participating in an
active discussion.
Office Hours:
I've listed office hours at the top of the first page. Keep in mind that these are the times
during which I'll definitely be in my office ready to answer your questions and discuss
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chemistry (or whatever!) with you. If these times don't work for you, we can set up an
appointment. Also, feel free to stop by anytime except when I have other lectures.
Subjective Factors:
1.Attendance and Attitude. Regular attendance and consistent study are student
responsibilities and the two factors that contribute most to a successful college experience.
Registration for this course implies that you have made a commitment to complete, on time,
all of the work that is assigned and to participate in any in-class exercises and discussions;
regular attendance is critical to meet this commitment. Students having excessive absences
(25%) or showing disrespect for the instructor or fellow
students or demonstrating any
behavior deemed disruptive to the class will be given a failing grade.
Academic Dishonesty and Misconduct
All students are expected to achieve their goals with academic honor. Cheating, plagiarism,
and/or other forms of academic dishonesty or misconduct are not to be tolerated. Students
who engage in any academic dishonesty or misconduct in an exam, quiz or homework will
receive a grade of ‘F’ for that work. Cheating can result to a maximum sanction of ‘F’ in the
course.
An assignment which is prepared and submitted for one course should not be used for a
different course. This is called “duplicate submission” and represents a form of cheating
because course requirements are expected to be fulfilled through original work for each
course.
*Assessment methods:
HA
CA
QZ
ME
TP
FE
Homework Assignment
Computer assignments
Quizzes
Midterm Examination
Term Papers
Final examination
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