Periodic Table of the Elements!
1A!
8A!
1
18
1!
2!
H!
1.008
3!
2A!
3A!
4A!
5A!
6A!
7A!
2
13
14
15
16
17
4!
5!
8!
9!
10!
Be!
B!
C!
N!
O!
F!
Ne!
6.941
9.012
10.81
12.01
14.01
16.00
19.00
20.18
12!
13!
Na! Mg!
22.99
19!
K!
37!
3B!
4B!
5B!
6B!
7B!
8B!
8B!
8B!
1B!
2B!
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21!
22!
23!
24!
25!
26!
27!
24.31
20!
39.10
Ca! Sc!
40.08
38!
44.96
39!
Rb! Sr!
85.47
55!
87.62
56!
132.91
87!
57!
88!
V!
50.94
41!
91.22
29!
30!
138.91
73!
54.94
43!
95.94
74!
55.85
58.93
44!
(98)
58.69
45!
101.07
75!
178.49
180.95
183.84
63.55
46!
65.41
47!
48!
106!
76!
102.91
77!
Re! Os!
186.21
107!
107.87
78!
Ir!
190.23
108!
106.42
79!
112.41
59
(262)
60
Ce
Pr
140.12
140.91
91
61
(266)
(264)
62
Ar!
39.95
32!
33!
34!
80!
109!
195.08
196.97
110!
111!
(277)
63
(268)
64
(281)
65
51!
52!
118.71
82!
121.76
83!
84!
Tl!
Pb!
Bi!
204.38
207.20
208.98
(285)
67
68
69
70
71
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
158.93
162.50
164.93
167.26
168.93
173.04
174.97
94
Pa
U
Np
Pu
231.04
238.03
(237)
(244)
95
96
Am Cm
(243)
(247)
Some Standard Properties of Water!
property
symbol
value
density of water
density of ice
ρwater
ρice
specific heats
ice
water
steam
cice
cwater
csteam
1.000 g cm-3 0.9167 g cm-3
2.09 J g-1 K-1 4.184 J g-1 K-1 2.03 J g-1 K-1
heat of fusion
∆Hfus or Lf
334 J
g-1
heat of
vaporization
∆Hvap or Lv
!
n
Kw
97
98
99
Bk
Cf
Es
(247)
(251)
(252)
!!
100
101
102
103
Fm Md No
(257)
(258)
(259)
Lr
(262)
Pressure
1 atm
=
760 torr
=
101325 Pa
=
14.7 psi
=
105 Pa
=
100 kPa
1 cal
=
4.184 J
1 L atm
=
101.325 J
1 Cal
=
1 kcal
1 hp
=
746 W
1 eV
=
1.602 × 10-19 J
1 bar
!
Energy
2260 J g-1
1.33
1.0 × 10-14
!
!
54!
I!
Xe!
126.90
131.29
85!
(209)
Gd
93
36!
86!
Po! At! Rn!
157.25
150.36
53!
127.60
Eu
(145)
79.90
112!
(272)
66
78.96
151.96
92
35!
Sn! Sb! Te!
81!
200.59
74.92
50!
In!
Pt! Au! Hg!
192.22
72.64
Nd Pm Sm
Th
autoionization
Cl!
35.45
144.24
232.04
index of
refraction
S!
32.07
114.82
(226)
!!
P!
30.97
49!
Ra! Ac! Rf! Db! Sg! Bh! Hs! Mt! Ds! Rg! Cn!
90
Si!
28.09
69.72
Fr!
58
Al!
31!
(223)
(261)
18!
Kr!
W!
(227)
17!
83.80
Ta!
105!
16!
Cr! Mn! Fe! Co! Ni! Cu! Zn! Ga! Ge! As! Se! Br!
Hf!
104!
15!
52.00
42!
92.91
72!
89!
28!
14!
26.98
Zr! Nb! Mo! Tc! Ru! Rh! Pd! Ag! Cd!
88.91
137.33
Ti!
47.87
40!
Y!
Cs! Ba! La!
!!
!!
7!
4.003
Li!
11!
!!
6!
He!
(210)
(222)
!
Various Physical Constants!
property
value
symbol
universal gas
constant
R
8.314 J mol-1 K-1
62.36 L torr mol-1 K-1
property
electron rest
mass
me
Planck’s
constant
h
0.511 MeV c-2
Planck’s
reduced
constant
h/2π
proton mass
mp
1.6726 × 10-27 kg
1.00728 u
938.3 MeV c-2
neutron mass
mn
1.6749 × 10-27 kg
1.008665 u
939.6 MeV c-2
atomic mass
unit
u
1.6605 × 10-27 kg
6.626 × 10-34 J s
4.136 × 10-15 eV s
1.054 ×
10-34
Js
6.582 × 10-16 eV s
Boltzmann
constant
kB
1.38 × 10-23 J K-1
StefanBoltzmann
σ
5.67 × 10-8 W m-2 K-4
speed of light
c
speed of sound
vair
(at 20°C)
acceleration of
gravity
g
9.11 × 10-31 kg
0.000549 u
0.08206 L atm mol-1 K-1
1.987 cal mol-1 K-1
value
symbol
931.5 MeV c-2
earth mass
5.972 × 1024 kg
3.00 × 108 m s-1
earth radius
6.371 × 106 m
343 m s-1
moon mass
7.348 × 1022 kg
sun mass
1.989 × 1030 kg
3.844 × 108 m
1.496 × 1011 m
9.80 m
s-2
gravitational
constant
G
6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
distance earth-­‐moon
Avogadro’s
number
NA
6.022 × 1023 mol-1
distance earth-­‐sun
elementary
charge
e
1.602 ×
Faraday
F
96485 C mol-1
Coulomb’s
law constant
k
8.988 × 109 N m2 C-2
Rydberg
constant
ℝ
2.178 × 10-18 J
10-19
C
!
Some Other Conversion Factors
1 in
=
2.54 cm
1 lb
=
453.6 g
1 mi
=
5280 ft = 1.609 km
1 gal
=
4 quarts = 231 in3 = 3.785 L
permittivity of
free space
ε0
8.85 × 10-12 F m-1
permeability
of free space
µ0
4π × 10-7 T m A-1
!
!
Some Average Bond Energies (kJ/mol)
C–H
413
C–C
346
C–Cl 339
C–N
305
O–H
463
C=C
602
C–Br 285
N=N
418
N–H
391
C≣C
835
O=O
H–H
436
C–O
358
C=O
799
C≣O 1072 Br–Br 193
H–Cl
432
S–H
347
N≣N
945
Cl–Cl
242
H–Br
366
H–I
299
C≣N
887
I–I
151
498