-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 14 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2013
PROFIT & LOSS
The money spent to purchase an article is
cost price of the article, and the money
received for selling an article is called selling price.
There are two distinct kinds of profit and
loss problems - those in which profit or loss
is based on cost and those in which profit
or loss is based on selling price. Before
such a problem can be solved it must be
known in which of these classes it belongs.
Bear in mind, though, that profit or loss is
always to be considered as based on cost
unless it is stated or otherwise known that
it is based on selling price.
★ A good knowledge of percentages will
help to solve Profit & Loss questions
thoroughly.
1. The owner of an electronics shop charges his
customer 34% more than the cost price. If a
customer paid Rs. 12060 for a TV set, then
what was the cost price of the TV set?
1) Rs.8000
2) Rs.8800
3) Rs.9500
4) Rs.9000
5) None of these
2. A fruit seller buys 60 oranges for Rs.480.
Five oranges were spoilt in transportation. If
he sells the remaining oranges at Rs.12
each, find his profit or loss percent.
1) 25% loss 2) 37.5% profit 3) 20% profit
4) 32.5% profit 5) None of these
3. A man buys 120 oranges for Rs.720. He sells
70 oranges for Rs.7 each and remaining at
Rs.5 each. Find his overall profit / loss%?
1) 2.78% loss
2) 3.12%profit
3) 2.78% profit
4) 2.49% loss
5) None
4. Kushal sold a clock for Rs.204 at a loss of
15%. At what rate should he have sold the
clock to earn a profit of twenty five percent?
1) Rs.300
2) Rs.320
3) Rs.285
4) Rs.240
5) None of these
5. Aravind purchased a box of pencils at the
rate of 6 for Rs.9 and sold all of them at
the rate of 7 for Rs.11. If he gains Rs.9, how
many pencils did the box contain?
1) 42
2) 21
3) 126
4) Can't be determined
5) None of these
6. A trader sells an article at a profit of 30%.
EXPLANATIONS
1. S.P = Rs.12060
P% = 34%
100
100
C.P = ⎯⎯⎯⎯ × 12060 ⇒ ⎯⎯ × 12060
100 + 34%
134
= Rs.9000
2. Cost price = Rs.480
Selling price = 55 × Rs.12 = Rs.660
Profit = 660 − 480 = Rs.180
180
∴ Profit% = ⎯⎯ × 100 = 37.5%
480
3. C.P. of 120 oranges = Rs.720
S.P. of 70 oranges at Rs.7 = 70 × 7 = Rs.490
S.P. of 50 oranges at Rs.5 = 50 × 5 = Rs.250
Total S.P. of 120 oranges = 490 + 250 = Rs.740
Profit = 740 − 720 = Rs.20
20
∴ Profit% = ⎯⎯ × 100 = 2.78%
720
100
4. Cost price of the clock = ⎯⎯⎯⎯ × SP
100 + P%
100
= ⎯⎯ × 204 = Rs.240
85
100 + P%
To get 25%, the S.P. = ⎯⎯⎯⎯ × CP
100
125
= ⎯⎯ × 240 = Rs.300
100
Short cut:
125
Required S.P. = ⎯⎯ × 204 = Rs.300
85
5. LCM of 6 and 7 is 42
Cost price of 6 pencils is = Rs.9
42
Cost price of 42 pencils = ⎯ × 9 = Rs.63
6
Selling price of 7 pencils is = Rs.11
42
S.P. of 42 pencils = ⎯ × 11 = Rs.66
7
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2
When a percent of profit or loss is given, it is understood,
unless stated to the contrary, that this percent is based on the
cost. Thus, if someone states simply that he or she sold something at a profit of 10%, it is understood to mean that it was
sold for an amount equal to its cost plus 10% of its cost.
The original price per apple..?
11. Seema bought 20 pens, 8 packets of wax
Had he purchased it at 10% less and sells
colours, 6 calculators and 7 pencil boxes,
for Rs.330 less he would have gained 20%.
The price of one pen is Rs. 7, one packet of
Find the cost price of the article?
wax colour is for Rs. 22, one calculator is for
1) Rs.1500
2) Rs.1200
3) Rs.1600
Rs. 175 and one pencil box costs Rs.14 more
4) Rs.1950
5) None of these
than the combined price of one pen and one
7. A sells a house to B at a profit of 10%, B
packet of wax colours. How much amount did
sells it to C at a loss of 15% and C sells it to
Seema pay to the shopkeeper?
D for Rs.33660 making a profit of 20%.
1)
Rs.491
2) Rs.1725
3) Rs.1667
What did the house cost A?
4) Rs.1527
5) None of these
1) Rs .25000
2) Rs.30000 3) Rs.35000
12. A certain number of articles were purchased
4) Rs.20000 5) Rs.28000
for Rs.90. Three more arti8. A shopkeeper buys an
cles could have been purarticle for Rs.528. He
chased for the same amount
offers 12% discount on
if each article was cheaper
selling the article and yet
by Rs.1. Find the number of
gains 18%. Find the rate
articles purchased.
at which he marked the
Quantitative
Aptitude
1) 15
2) 25
3) 18
article.
4) 12
5) None of these
1) Rs.713
2) Rs.578
13. A man bought some fruits at
3) Rs.708
4) Rs.653
the rate of 16 for Rs.24 and
5) None of these
sold them at the rate of 12 for
9. A dishonest dealer professes to
Rs.27. What is the profit %?
sell his goods at the cost price, but
1) 40%
2) 60% 3) 50%
uses only 800 grams in place of a
4) 25%
5) None of these
kilogram weight. Find his profit
14. A shop keeper sells 15 toffees
percent.
G.S. Giridhar
for a rupee gaining thereby
1) 20%
2) 25%
3) 30%
20%. How many toffees did he
4) 15%
5) None of these
buy for a rupee?
10. Pavani purchased 30kg of rice at the rate of
1) 20
2) 12
3) 18
4) 19
5) 14
Rs.17.50 per kg and another 30 kg rice at a
15. A shop keeper sells an article at a loss of
certain rate. She mixed the two and sold the
7%. Had he sold it for Rs.48 more, he
would have gained 5%. Find the cost price
entire quantity at the rate of Rs.18.60 per kg
of the article?
and made 20% overall profit. At what price
per kg did she purchase the second lot?
1) Rs.350
2) Rs.475
3) Rs.325
1) Rs.17.60
2) Rs.15.70 3) Rs.12.60
4) Rs.420
5) None of these
4) Rs.12.30
5) Rs.13.50
16. A discount of 10% enables a man to buy 5
Gain = 66 − 63 = Rs.3
If the gain is Rs.3, he purchased 42 pencils,
But gain is Rs.9, therefore
The number of pencils = 42 × 3 = 126
6. Let the Cost price be Rs.100
He sells for Rs.130. (at 30% profit)
if he buys 10% less, then C.P. = Rs.90
Now the S.P. = Rs.108 (at 20%profit)
Difference in S.P. is (130 −108) = Rs.22
If the difference in S.P. is Rs.22, the C.P is
Rs.100.
If the difference in S.P. is Rs.330, then
330
C.P. = ⎯⎯ × 100 = Rs.1500
22
7. Let the Cost price of the house be Rs. x
110
85
120
∴ ⎯⎯ × ⎯⎯ × ⎯⎯ × x = 33660
100
100
100
⇒ x = Rs.30000
100 + Profit%
8. Marked price = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ × C.P.
100 − Discount%
100 + 18
M.P. = ⎯⎯⎯⎯ × 528 = Rs.708
100 − 12
Original weight − False weight
9. Profit%= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ × 100
False weight
1000 − 800
200
P% = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ × 100 ⇒ ⎯⎯ × 100 = 25%
800
800
10. Let the second lot be Rs. x
120% of (30 × Rs.17.50 + 30 × x)
= (30 + 30) × 18.60 ⇒ x = Rs.13.50
11. Cost price of 20 pens = 20 × 7 = Rs.140
Cost price of 8 packets wax colours
= 8 × 22 = Rs.176
C.P. of 6 calculators = 6 × 175 = Rs.1050
C.P. of 7 pencil boxes = 7 × (14 + 7 + 22)
= Rs.301
Total cost = 140 + 176 + 1050 + 301 = Rs.1667
12. Let the number of articles be 'x'
90
90
∴ ⎯ − ⎯⎯ = 1 ⇒ x = 15
x
x+3
13. LCM of 16 and 12 is 48
C.P. of 16 fruits = Rs.24
48
C.P. of 48 fruits = ⎯ × 24 = Rs.72
16
S.P. of 12 fruits = Rs.27
S.P of 48 fruits = Rs.108
108 − 72
∴ Profit% = ⎯⎯⎯ × 100 = 50%
72
14. Selling price of 15 toffees is Rs.1
1
Selling price of 1 toffee = Rs. ⎯
15
1
∴ 120% value is ⎯
15
100
1
1
100% value is ⎯ × ⎯ = ⎯
120
15
18
1
Cost price of one toffee = ⎯
18
∴ Number of toffees bought = 18
15. By selling for Rs.48 more he recovers his
7% loss and gets 5% profit
∴ his profit will be (7% + 5%) = 12%.
∴ 12% value is Rs.48
100
100% value (C.P.) is = ⎯⎯ × 48 = Rs.400
12
16. With 10% money, he buys 5 apples, therefore with100% money, he buys 50 apples.
without discount he gets only 45 apples.
225
∴ original price per apple = ⎯⎯ = Rs.5
45
more apples for Rs.225. Find the original
price per apple.
1) Rs.4.50
2) Rs.5
3) Rs.4
4) Rs.3.50
5) None of these
17. A person purchases 90 books and sells 40
books at a gain of 10% and 50 books at a
gain of 20%. Had he sold all of them at a
uniform profit of 15% he would have got
Rs.40 less. Find the cost price of each book.
1) Rs.70
2) Rs.65
3) Rs.80
4) Rs.120
5) None of these
18. A man buys 5 tables and 10 chairs for
Rs.1600. He sells tables at a profit of 15%
and chairs at a loss of 10%.If his over all profit was Rs.90, what is the cost price of a chair?
1) Rs.60
2) Rs.200
3) Rs.75
4) Rs.180
5) None of these
19. An article is marked at Rs.1380 and 18%
discount is offered on it. How many such
articles can be bought for Rs.16974?
1) 14
2) 24 3) 16
4) 18
5) None
20. A dishonest Cloth merchant claims that he
sells goods at 20% profit but he uses 90 cm
for one metre scale. What is his overall
profit percent?
1
1
2
1) 13 ⎯ %
2) 33 ⎯ %
3) 33 ⎯ %
9
3
3
4) 30%
5) None of these
Answers
1-4
2-2
3-3
4-1
5-3
6-1
7-2
8-3
9-2
10-5
11-3
12-1
13-3
14-3
15-5
16-2
17-3
18-1
19-5
20-2.
(Writer - Director, RACE Institute, Hyderabad)
17. Let the C.P. of each book be Rs.100
S.P. of 40 books = 110 × 40 = Rs.4400
S.P. of 50 books = 120 × 50 = Rs.6000
Total S.P. = Rs.4400 + Rs.6,000 = Rs.10400
At a uniform profit of 15% S.P. of 90 books
= 90 × 115 = Rs.10350
Difference = Rs.10,400 − Rs.10,350 = Rs.50
If the difference is Rs.50 then C.P. = Rs.100
If the difference is Rs.40 then C.P.
100 × 40
= ⎯⎯⎯ = Rs.80
50
18. Let the C.P. of 5 tables be Rs.x, then C.P.
of 10 chairs = Rs.(1600 − x)
∴ 15% x − 10% (1600 − x) = Rs.90
by solving we get x = Rs.1000
C.P. of 5 tables = Rs.1000
C.P. of 10 chairs = Rs.1600 − Rs.1000
= Rs.600
1000
C.P. of one table = ⎯⎯ = Rs.200
5
600
C.P. of one chair = ⎯⎯ = Rs.60
10
19. M.P. = Rs.1380,
Discount = 18%
S.P = 82% of 1380 = Rs.1131.60
∴ article is available at Rs.1131.60
Number of articles bought for Rs.16974 is
16974
= ⎯⎯⎯ = 15
1131.60
20. Let us convert all his profit in centimetre.
By using 90 cm he gains10 cm.
20% profit is 20 cm
His total profit = 10 + 20 = 30 cm
30
1
profit% = ⎯ × 100 = 33 ⎯ %.
90
3