U.S. History
Lesson 4
Cubans Rebel Against Spain
empire
- By 1890 – Spain had lost most of its empire.
A. American Interest in Cuba
1. Cuba was only 90 miles SE of FL
2. U.S. tried to buy it from SP in 1854 – Spain refused!
3. Cubans rebelled against SP in 1868 – U.S. wanted them to win.
lost, but SP did abolish slavery!
- they lost
a) U.S. businessmen began investing in sugar plantations.
B. Second War for Independence
1. Jose Marti – Cuban journalist in New York launched a revolution
a) 1895 – guerilla warfare – attacked U.S. owned sugar mills.
- wanted the U.S. to help him defeat SP.
War Fever Escalates
A. Headline Wars
y to restore order
1. SP sent Gen. Valeriano Weyler
a) put Cubans in concentration camps – 300,000 – 1,000’s died.
2. U.S. newspaper tycoons William Randolf Hearst & Joseph
Pulitzer printed exaggerated accounts to sell newspapers!
a) kids being thrown to sharks
Yellow Journalism
b) poisoning of water wells, etc.
c)) Hearst sent Frederick
d i k Remington
i
to Cuba
b (artist)
( i )
“You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war!”
B. The De Lome Letter
1. McKinley took office in 1897 – tried to stay out of the war.
2. New York Journal published a letter by SP minister to the U.S.
- Enrique Dupuy de Lome – criticized McKinley as weak!
a) Americans were upset @ SP for insulting our Pres.
C. U.S.S. Maine Explodes
1. 1898 – McK sent the Maine to pick up U.S. citizens in Cuba
2. Feb. 15 - exploded in Havana harbor – 260 killed.
a)) journalists
j
li t blamed
bl
d SP
b) Hearst offered a reward for info.
War With Spain Erupts
- People wanted war!!!
--
“Remember
Remember the Maine!
Maine!”
- U.S. declared war on SP – April 20, 1898
A. War in the Philippines
1. SP thought the U.S.
1
U S would attack Cuba first.
first
2. Commodore George Dewey sailed into the Philippines.
a) destroyed every SP ship in Manila harbor.
b) Filipinos joined the U.S. (Emilio Aguinaldo) – took Phil. in Aug.
B. War in Caribbean
1. Adm. William T. Sampson
p
blockaded Cuba
2. 125,000 volunteered to fight – poorly trained.
a) wool uniforms – hot in Cuba
b) nott enoughh guns.
C. Rough Riders
1 Volunteer cavalry led by Leonard Wood & Theodore Roosevelt
1.
- T.R. resigned as Sec. of NAVY to lead them.
2. July 1, 1898 – Rough Riders took Kettle Hill w/ 9th & 10th
Af. Am. cavalries. - Allowed the ARMY to take San Juan Hill.
3 San
3.
S JJuan Hill was important
i
for
f victory
i
in
i Cuba
C b & the
h papers
gave T.R. all the credit, even though he didn’t fight at San Juan.
4. U.S. invaded Puerto Rico on July 25, 1898.
D. Treaty of Paris
i
1. A cease-fire was called on 8/12/1898 “Splendid Little War!”
2 Dec.
2.
Dec 10,
10 1898 – met in FR to discuss official treaty
a) SP freed Cuba
b) gave U.S. Puerto Rico, Guam, & West Indies
c) sold the U.S. Philippines for $20 million