Try This Activity: Construct a Cladogram
Construct a cladogram from the derived traits in Table 1.
Table 1: Selected Derived Traits
Derived Traits
Group
Paired Bony
Limbs
FourChambered
Heart
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
Wolf
1
Iguana
1
Human
1
Wombat
1
Tiger
1
Ostrich
0
Fish
0 = indicates absence of the trait
Mammary
Glands
Pouch
Placenta
Cranassial
Teeth
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1 = indicates the presence of the trait
a) Which two species are most closely related?
b) Are humans more closely related to tigers or to wombats?
c) Which of the derived traits came into existence before the mammary glands?
d) List all the derived characters in the table that would have been present in the
most recent common ancestor to tiger, wolf, and human.