Caffeine Habit: A survey on the
Use and Effects of Caffeinecontaining Beverages among
y
Students
University
Encinas, M.H.F., Gabrito, C.J.N., Gamboa, M.F.V.T.G., Llena, J.K.B.,
Sison K
Sison,
K.I.S.,
I S Valero
Valero, M
M.P.C.,
P C Viray,
Viray K.C.A.,
K C A Apostol,
Apostol J.G.,
JG
Men’s Health Clinic
Clinical Pharmacy Society
Faculty of Pharmacy
University of Santo Tomas
Espana, Manila, Philippines
INTRODUCTION
TO THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
† Caffeine has been used for centuries for its
stimulating effects
†
†
†
†
†
†
Most energy drinks contains 70-200mg per can
8oz. cup of drip coffee contains 110-150mg
Percolated coffee contains 65-125mg per cup
Instant coffee contains 40
40-80mg
80mg per cup
Dr. Pepper delivers 41 mg
A can of coke provides 34 mg
INTRODUCTION
†Most common caffeinated beverages:
† Co
Coffee
ee (Coffea
(Co ea arabica
a ab ca [[Rubiaceae])
ub aceae])
† Tea (Camellis sinensis [Theaceae])
])
† Cacao ((Theobroma cacao [[Malvaceae])
Caffeinated Beverages
Image from: http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/well-good/8632765/Caffeine-How-young-is-too-young
Image from: http://www.themathhattan.com/tag/caffeine/
Top 5 Energy Ingredients
Image from: http://www.caffeineinformer.com/energy-drink-ingredients
INTRODUCTION
†Caffeine (
)
† known as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
† widely
widely-used
used psychoactive drug,
drug performance
enhancer, fat burner and nootropic agent, a
substance that enhances cognition, memory
and facilitates learning
† works by blocking the inhibitory receptors for
adenosine thereby
thereb giving
gi ing a stimulant
stim lant effect
Moderate Caffeine Consumption
Image from: http://scienceunraveled.wordpress.com/
INTRODUCTION
†Caffeinism
†condition wherein there is a remarkable
amount of caffeine in the body which
gives exacerbation of caffeine effects
and other adverse effects
†people experience side effects above
g ((recommended daily
y safe dose))
400mg
Image from: http://scienceunraveled.wordpress.com/
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the study are as follows:
1.
To find out which caffeinated beverage with its
caffeine content is commonly consumed or preferred
by the randomly selected freshmen students of a
tertiary teaching institution;
2.
To find out the common side effects experienced by
the students after taking a dose of caffeine into their
system; and
3.
To find out their reasons or indication for drinking such
beverages.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
† The research study can be beneficial to:
1. Students
- source of information about the effects of caffeinecontaining beverages that affect their lifestyle and the
importance of intake management
2. Other researchers:
- as a supporting reference for further studies related to
caffeine-related concerns
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
† Respondents of the study are only students from the
tertiary teaching institution coming from the courses of
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, Biochemistry and
Medical Technology.
† The study focused on caffeinated drinks and its adverse
effects.
† The amount and frequency of caffeine intake was not noted
in this study.
METHOD OF
THE STUDY
SUBJECTS
† The researchers have randomly selected 150
students as subjects of the study from a tertiary
teaching institution.
† The subjects were freshmen students currently
taking Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy,
Biochemistry and Medical Technology.
Technology
SETTING
† The study was conducted at a tertiary teaching
institution where selected students were given
survey questionnaires and were collected
afterwards.
afterwards
† The purpose of the study was briefly explained.
† Respondents were assured of confidentiality
and anonymity.
METHOD OF THE STUDY
† Survey tool
† Consists of the:
† Demographics of the respondents
† Caffeine source preference
† List of possible adverse effects or symptoms of
caffeinism
† The data were collected and tabulated
Survey Tool
Name
Name_________________________________________
Year & Section ____ Age__
Age Gender__
Gender
† Caffeine Preference (you can check more than one)
[ ] Coffee [ ] Tea [ ] Soda [ ] Energy Drinks [ ] Chocolate Drink
Others (please specify) __________________________
† Do you feel any unpleasant feelings after drinking coffee?
[ ] Nervousness
[ ] Irritability
[ ] Tremors
[ ] Muscle twitching
[ ] Insomnia
[ ] Flushed appearance
[ ] Elevated temperature
[ ] Palpitations
[ ] Arrhythmia
[ ] Gastrointestinal disturbances
† What is the main purpose of your intake of caffeine? ______________________
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
RESULTS
† Out of 150 questionnaires distributed, only 136
or 90.67%
90 67% were returned and tabulated.
tabulated
† Among the respondents,
respondents there were 94
female and 42 male students. Students
included are those from ages 16-19 years old.
† Respondents can and have chosen more
than one option among all the choices
depending on their own
o n preference.
preference
Table 1. Preferred Caffeine Sources
SOURCE
Coffee
†
Chocolate Drinks
RESULTS
101
93
PERCENTAGE
74.26%
68 38%
68.38%
Tea
66
48.53%
Soda
58
42.65%
Energy Drinks
28
20 59%
20.59%
Table 1. Shows the tabulated results of the preferred
caffeine-beverages of the students, wherein coffee stands
as the number one choice of caffeine source.
Figure
1. Preferred Caffeine Sources
g
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
RESULTS
PERCENTAGE
Table 2. Adverse Effects Experienced by Students
After Taking Significant Amount of Caffeine from
Caffeinated Beverages.
UNPLEASANT EFFECT
TALLY
PERCENTAGE
Nervousness
31
22.79%
Insomnia
25
18.39%
Palpitations
25
18.39%
Gastrointestinal Disturbance
20
14.71%
Irritability
13
9.56%
Muscle Twitching
9
6.62%
Tremors
9
6.62%
Elevated Temperatures
7
5.15%
Arrhythmia
2
1 47%
1.47%
Flushed Appearances
2
1.47%
Figure 2. Adverse Effects Experienced by
Students After Taking
Amount of
g Significant
g
Caffeine from Caffeinated Beverages.
40
30
20
10
0
Tally
Percentage
Reason to Consumption
† Main Purpose:
† Improve confidence for examinations
gy boost for studying
y g and meeting
g
† Energy
deadlines
† Other notable purpose:
† Consumed to stay awake late at night
† Stimulant to perform needed tasks
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
† Surveyed
y
students’ lacks p
proper
p understanding
g
regarding caffeine and have taken lightly their
appropriate use.
† The varied
i
side
i
effects
ff
they experienced
i
were
brought upon by their improper intake of
caffeine due to their lack of knowledge
regarding the substance.
† An irresponsible use of caffeine may lead to
various
i
complications.
li ti
RECOMMENDATION
†A
seminar
or
proper
information
dissemination is recommended to inform
them regarding its rational use.
† Counseling on time management and
avoidance of cramming may also be
added
to
further
aid
academic
performance.
RECOMMENDATION
† It is also recommended if future researchers
continue the study, to consider factors such as
†
†
†
†
†
Time of intake/dosing
F
Frequency
off intake
i t k
Volume consumed
Percent content of caffeine
Caffeine combinations present in the beverages that
may have a co-relation to the symptoms
experienced.
experienced
REFERENCES
† [1] A W Mc Hill et al, (2014). Effects of caffeine on skin and core
temperatures, alertness, and recovery sleep during circadian
misalignment, Journal of Biological Rhythms, Volume 29.
† [2] C Drake et al, (2013). Caffeine Effects on Sleep Taken 0, 3, or 6 Hours
before Going to Bed, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Volume 9 (11):
1195-1200
† [3] Ferré, S. (2013). Caffeine and Substance Use Disorders. Journal of
Caffeine Research, 3(2), 57-58.
† [4] James,
James J.
J E.
E (2013).
(2013) Caffeine: Public Concern and the Precautionary
Principle. Journal of Caffeine Research, 3(1), 1-2.
† [5] Katzung, B. (2009). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 11th Edition.
USA: The McGraw-Hills Companies,
p
Inc.
† [6] MereZith, S. E., Juliano, L. M., Hughes, J. R., & Griffiths, R. R. (2013).
Caffeine Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review and Research
Agenda. Journal of Caffeine Research, 3(3), 114-130.
† [7] Quisumbing, E. (1978). Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Manila:
Bureau of Print.