1 SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum Development Project 2014–2015 Creating meaningful transformation in mathematics education Developing learners who are independent, assertive constructors of their own understanding SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 2 Grade 6 Unit 6.3: Ratio Number of Days Lesson Reproducibles Number of Copies 1 Entry Task Family Party 1 per student 4 Lesson Series 1 CPM CCC1 Lesson 3.1.6 (4 pages) HW: CPM CCC1 Lesson 3.1.6 Games at Recess/Walkathon (2 pages) Friends Meeting on Bicycles/Jim and Jesse’s Money (2 pages) 1 per pair CPM eBook 1 per pair 1 per pair 1 per pair 1 Apprentice Task Snail Pace 1 per student 3 Lesson Series 2 CPM CCC1 Lesson 3.1.2 (4 pages) Resource Page 3.1.2A HW: CPM CCC1 Lesson 3.1.2 CPM CCC1 Lesson 4.2.4 (3 pages) HW: CPM CCC1 4.2.4 Candies/Mixing Paints (2 pages) 1 per pair 1 per pair CPM eBook 1 per pair CPM eBook 1 per student 1 Expert Task Mid-Module Assessment Task – Engage NY (2 pages) 1 per student 4 Lesson Series 3 CPM CCC1 Lesson 7.1.1 (3 pages) HW: CPM CCC1 Lesson 7.1.1 CPM CCC1 Lesson 7.1.2 (3 pages) Resource Pages 7.1.2A Resource Page 7.1.2B The Escalator/Running at a Constant Speed (2 pages) Overlapping Squares/Shirt Sale (2 pages) 1 per pair CPM eBook 1 per pair 1 per pair 1 per pair 1 per pair 1 per pair 2 Milestone Task End of Module Assessment Task – Engage NY (5 pages) 1 per student Materials Large jar full of white and brown beans Colored pencils or markers SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 3 Unit Overview Big Idea A ratio represents a comparison of two quantities, which can be expressed by “part to part,” “part to whole,” and “whole to part” relationships. Equivalency of two or more ratios establishes a framework for a proportional relationship. Unit Objectives Students will be able to define and write ratios in three ways (a:b, a/b, a to b). Students will describe the difference between a ratio and a fraction (fractions always name part to whole, while ratios may name part to whole, part to part, or whole to part.) They will represent proportional relationships by constructing function tables, graphs, tape diagrams, and double number lines. Students will use these diagrams to compare, solve, and explain real-world problems involving unit rates, percents, and measurement conversions by using the concepts of equivalency in ratio relationships. Unit Description Throughout the scope of the unit we will be touching on the following concepts: • Interpreting and modeling ratios. • Comparing ratio relationships and building concepts of equivalency. • Extending ratio relationships to calculate unknown quantities. • Applying concepts of equivalent ratios to apply ratios to percents, unit conversions, and scale. The unit is designed to help students interpret and model ratios, and to use ratio relationships to solve problems, in terms of calculating unknown quantities and equivalent ratios, and to apply concepts of equivalent ratios to articulating percents, unit conversions, and scale. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 4 CCSS-M Content Standards Ratios and Proportional Relationships Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems. 6.RP.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.” 6.RP.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world problems, e.g. by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. 6.RP.3a Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole-number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios 6.RP.3b Solve unit rate problems including those involving unit pricing and constant speed. For example, if it took 7 hours to mow 4 lawns, then at that rate, how many lawns could be mowed in 35 hours? At what rate were lawns being mowed? 6.RP.3c Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); solve problems involving finding the whole, given a part and the percent. 6.RP.3d Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 5 Progression of Mathematical Ideas Prior Supporting Mathematics Current Essential Mathematics Future Mathematics Students connect their understanding of multiplication and division with ratios and rates. Thus students expand the scope of problems for which they can use multiplication and division to solve problems, and they connect ratios and fractions. Students will continue to build on the conceptual idea of fraction equivalence, the idea that the different numerical representations ultimately represent the same quantity. Students will understand ratio relationships and use ratio reasoning to solve problems using reasoning about multiplication and division. They will be able to recognize and describe ratios and unit rates as building blocks for proportional reasoning, while understanding how ratios differ from fractions. Students will use models to represent collections of ratios as equivalent quantities using double number lines, tape diagrams, and functions tables as a framework for proportional relationships. In seventh grade, students will analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems. Students will graphically represent ratios as sets of coordinates understanding that the ratio represents the slope of a line on a linear function. Students will use their understanding of ratios and proportionality to solve a wide variety of percent problems, including those involving discounts, interest, taxes, tipping, and percent increase or decrease. They will distinguish proportional relationship from other relationships. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 6 Unit Design All SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum Units are developed with a combination of rich tasks and lessons series. The tasks are both formative and summative assessments of student learning. The tasks are designed to address four central questions: 1 day 4 days 1 day 3 days 1 day Lesson Series 3 Milestone Task Lesson Series 2 Expert Task Lesson Series 1 What do you already know? What sense are you making of what you are learning? How can you apply what you have learned so far to a new situation? Did you learn what was expected of you from this unit? Apprentice Task Entry Task Entry Task: Apprentice Task: Expert Task: Milestone Task: 4 days 2 days Unit length: 16 Days (1 day = 50 minute period) SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 7 Entry Task Family Party Apprentice Task Snail Pace and Truffles Expert Task Mid-Module Assessment Task Milestone Task End-of-Module Assessment Task CCSS-M Standards 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3a 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3a 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3a 6.RP.1, 6.RP.2, 6.RP.3 Brief Description of Task Students work with commonly used fractions and percentages in a real context. Students work with distances, time, and speeds in inches and minutes. In Truffles, they use ratios in a recipe context and interpret a graph. Students use multiple strategies, including tables, graphs, and diagrams, to solve real-world problems involving ratios. Students use multiple strategies, including tables, graphs, and diagrams, to solve real-world problems involving ratios and percents. Source MARS: Family Party (2006) MARS: Snail Pace (2008) Mid-Module Assessment Task (NYS Common Core Mathematics Curriculum Unit 6.1), www.engageny.org End of Module Assessment Task (NYS Common Core Mathematics Curriculum Unit 6.1), www.engageny.org Lesson Series 1 Lesson Series 2 Lesson Series 3 CCSS-M Standards 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3.a 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3, 6.RP.3a, 6.RP.3.c 6.RP.3a, 6.RP.3b, 6.RP.3.c Brief Description of Lessons Students create tables, number lines, tape diagrams; transfer ratio relationships to plot points on simple graphs. Students learn how to find a percent of a quantity as a ratio per 100 to solve problems involving finding the whole, given part and the percent. Then they solve real world and mathematical problems, involving ratios and percent. Work with ratios in non-geometric contexts and use them to solve problems. Lesson series introduces rates and guides students to compare rates through tables and graphs. Students continue to solve real-world problems involving ratios, rate, and percent. Sources CPM CCC1 Lesson 3.1.6 Illustrative Mathematics CPM CCC1 Lesson 3.1.2 MARS: Candies (2007) and Mixing Paint (2003) CPM CCC1 Lessons 7.1.1, 7.1.2 Illustrative Mathematics MARS: Sewing (2009) SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 8 Entry Task Family Party What will students do? Mathematics Objectives and Standards Math Objectives: • Students will work with benchmark fractions and percents. CCSS-M Standards Addressed: 6.RP.3c Potential Misconceptions: ● Students may struggle with the concept of percent. ● Students may struggle with the fact that Andrea should be included in the calculations. Framing Student Experience Launch: • • • • Ask students to name a fraction of boys to students in the classroom. Ask students to name a fraction of girls to students in the classroom. Ask students what a class would look like if it were 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% boys. Ask students what a class would look like if it were 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% girls. During: Have student work with partners to solve the problems in this task. Circulate around the room noticing how students are working together as well as the strategies they use to solve these problems. Note particularly interesting strategies that you want to be sure to share with the class to build a deeper understanding of the fraction-percent relationship. Closure/Extension: • Ask specific students to share their solutions. These students should be chosen based on how they solved the problem, either correctly or incorrectly. The goal is to have a shared understanding of the fractionpercent relationship. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 9 Family Party How will students do this? Focus Standards for Mathematical Practice: 1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 4. Model with mathematics. Structures for Student Learning: Academic Language Support: Vocabulary: fraction, numerator, denominator, percent, ratio Sentence frames: The fraction of cousins to guests is ___________. The percent of cousins to guests is __________. The ratio of cousins to guests is ____________. Differentiation Strategies: Students may use realia, such as counters or coins, to assist with concept understanding. Participation Structures (group, partners, individual, other): Partners or individual SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 10 Lesson Series #1 Lesson Series Overview: In this lesson series, students develop their part-to-whole fraction understanding. Students will learn how to create tables, double number lines, and tape diagrams. Students will learn how to transfer ratio relationships to plot points on simple graphs. CCSS-M Standards Addressed: 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3a Time: 4 days Lesson Overview – Days 1 & 2 Resources Description of Lesson: Students will be presented with ratios from different contexts. Students will define and represent a ratio in three ways: a/b, a:b, and a to b. CPM CCC1, Lesson 3.1.6 Notes: Read the CPM Teacher Notes for Lesson 3.1.6. You may want to lead Problems 3-78 and 3-79 as full-class discussions, with careful attention to new vocabulary. Problem 3-80 refers to work on a problem from Chapter 1, but that problem isn’t needed to do 3-80. Just let students know that the problem was about using diagrams to help organize information and make quick estimates. The problems in this section have a lot of reading, so be prepared to assist with vocabulary and helping students decode the problems. Classwork 3-78 to 3-83 Ratio of Boys to Girls (Illustrative Mathematics) – project or copy this problem onto the board Homework: 3-84, 3-85, 3-87 Post or display the focus questions to consider as they work through the problems, and use these questions as prompts while you are circulating to monitor pairs or groups. 1. How do the quantities compare? 2. What quantities am I comparing? 3. How can I represent the relationship? 4. Can I represent it in another way? For the Ratio of Boys to Girls, ask pairs or groups to solve it using as many methods as they can. Circulate as students work, and choose groups to share their solution method with the class. If none of the groups use a diagram, share the tape diagram and ask students to help you connect that diagram to the other solution methods. Do the same with the table. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 11 Lesson Overview – Day 3 Resources Description of Lesson: Students will describe the difference between a fraction and ratio. While fractions only describe part to whole, ratios may describe part to part, part to whole, and whole to part. Students will build and model equivalent ratios using a table and tape diagram. Students will then interpret and represent ratio relationships on a double number line. Games at Recess (Illustrative Mathematics) Walkathon (Illustrative Mathematics) Notes: In this lesson you will focus students’ attention on expressing ratio relationships in a variety of ways: verbally, symbolically (3:1), in table form, in graphical form, with a double number line, and with a tape diagram. Help students make connections among these representations, and focus on precision in language and representations. Lesson Overview – Day 4 Resources Description of Lesson: Students solve real-world problems involving ratios, and interpret and represent ratio relationships in a variety of representations. Friends Meeting on Bicycles (Illustrative Mathematics) Jim and Jesse’s Money (Illustrative Mathematics) Notes: Use a Think-Pair-Share for part a of the Bicycles problem so that each students has time to make sense of the problem and attempt to solve it before working with a partner. If students finish quickly, ask them to solve the problem another way. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 12 Apprentice Task Snail Pace What will students do? Mathematics Objectives and Standards Math Objectives: ● Students will be able to define and represent a ratio in three ways. ● Students will be able to use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship. ● Students will be able to describe the difference between a fraction and a ratio. ● Students will be able to build a model of equivalent ratios using a table and tape diagram. ● Students will be able to interpret and represent ratio relationships on a double number line. CCSS-M Standards Addressed: 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3a Potential Misconceptions: ● TIME: What is inch? What is minute? What is half an hour? ● DISTANCE: What does that mean? ● SPEED: What does that mean? Framing Student Experience Launch: Ask students: • What is a race? • What are different types of races? • Have you participated in a race? • Are there different ways to determine a winner of a race? During: • Have students work with partners to answer the questions from Snail Pace. • Help students set up a table for each snail. • Help students fill in the partial values on the chart. Closure/Extension: • Ask students to describe the winner. • Ask students to describe proof that a winner has been decided. Ask students to articulate 2nd, 3rd, and 4th place. • You can use a second day to have students share and discuss their solutions. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 13 Snail Pace How will students do this? Focus Standards for Mathematical Practice: 1. Make sense of problem and persevere in solving them. 4. Model with mathematics. Structures for Student Learning: Academic Language Support: Vocabulary: minutes, hours, half an hour, inches, feet, travel, speeds Sentence frames: Compare feet and inches. Compare minutes and hours. Snail __________ is traveling faster than snail ___________. Snail _________ is traveling slower than snail __________. The difference between inches and feet is _________________. The difference between distance and speed is ______________. Differentiation Strategies: • Organize. • Count. • Make a table • Add equal amounts (repeated addition). • Make a conclusion. • Explain your answer. • Use a watch. • Convert minutes to hours, ½ hours. • Convert inches to feet. • Teach time and distance. • Use a stop-watch. • Count minutes, seconds. • Use a ruler. Participation Structures (group, partners, individual, other): • A + B Partners • Numbered-Heads together • Think-Pair-Share • Safe Shout-out Individual SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 14 Lesson Series #2 Lesson Series Overview: In this lesson series, students learn how to find a percent of a quantity as a ratio per 100 to solve problems involving finding the whole, given part and the percent. Then they solve real-world and mathematical problems, involving ratios and percents. CCSS-M Standards Addressed: 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3, 6.RP.3a, 6.RP.3c Time: 3 days Lesson Overview – Day 1 Resources Description of Lesson: Students develop an understanding of percent and solve problems involving finding the whole given a part and the percent. The context used is sampling from a mixture of peanuts and raisins to estimate the amount of each. Students also build their intuition for how large a given percentage is compared to the whole. CPM CCC1, Lesson 3.1.2 Resource page 3.1.2 Percent Ruler – project or draw onto board Materials: Glass jar with mix of beans, small scoop Resource Page 3.1.2A, one page for each pair of groups, cut in half Resource Page 3.1.2B for display Classwork: Problems 3-22 to 3-30 Large jar full of white and brown beans Homework: Problems 3-31 to 3-33, and choose from 3-34, 3-35. Notes: Read the Teacher Notes for Lesson 3.1.2. You will need a large glass jar full of a mix of white and brown (or another contrasting color) beans. These represent the raisins and peanuts described in Problem 3-22. Problem 3-24 is essential for introducing percent; you might lead this as a class. This lesson is supposed to be completed in one day, but you may need extra time to help students make sense of the context and for discussion. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 15 Lesson Overview – Day 2 Resources Description of Lesson: Students solve real-world problems involving ratios. Problem contexts include making drinks from a powdered mix, trail mix, toys in a carnival game, and a score on a test. CPM CCC1, Lesson 4.2.4 Notes: Read the Teacher Notes for Lesson 4.2.4, which contain suggestions for opening the lesson as well as strategies for universal access and teamwork. Students get additional practice with percents in this lesson. Homework: Problem 4-80, and choose from Problems 4-81 to 4-84 for review of other concepts. Classwork: Problems 4-75 to 4-79 Lesson Overview – Day 3 Resources Description of Lesson: This is an optional re-engagement lesson. The MARS Candies Task is designed for fifth th grade but addresses the standards of this unit. Mixing Paints is designed from 7 grade and applies concepts of ratios and percents in a difficult problem. You will need to choose to do one of the lessons, not both of them. th Candies (5 grade MARS) th Mixing Paints (7 grade MARS) Student work examples are provided electronically Notes: Augment the task by asking extension questions such as: • What percent of the candies did Amy eat? • If Anthony has 3 cups of chocolate, how much cream will he need to make his candies? • Can you use a diagram to solve? • Can you solve it another way? • Can you write another problem about paint using the same information? Trade problems with another group. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 16 Expert Task Mid-Module Assessment Task (NYS Common Core Math Curriculum) What will students do? Mathematics Objectives and Standards Math Objectives: • Students will compare ratios and describe differences in the relationships. • Students will represent the ratio relationship in a table to a group and make predictions. CCSS-M Standards Addressed: 6.RP.1, 6.RP.3a Potential Misconceptions: ● Students may give a ratio associated with the numbers in the problem but not the ratio asked for. ● Errors in graphing, such as not putting a line through the origin. Framing Student Experience Launch: Ask students: • What are shoe sizes? • How many of you know your shoe size? • What is the most common shoe size in the class? • What is the biggest shoe size in the class? The smallest? During: • • • Help student complete the table. Add extra values to the table to help students understand the concept. Help students label the axes and plot the points on the graph. Closure/Extension: • Ask students to give the coordinates for the points. • Ask students to name four more coordinate on the graph. • Ask students to explain the meaning of the graph in relation to the table. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 17 Mid-Module Assessment Task (NYS Common Core Math Curriculum) How will students do this? Focus Standards for Mathematical Practice: 1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 6. Attend to precision. Structures for Student Learning: Academic Language Support: Vocabulary: plot values, coordinate plane, points, complete a table of values, label the axes, shoe sizes, common shoe sizes Sentence frames: The ratio of ______ to ______ (Illustrative Mathematics) Differentiation Strategies: Participation Structures (group, partners, individual, other): SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 18 Lesson Series #3 Lesson Series Overview: This lesson series introduces rates (though rates did appear in the Snail Pace entry task) and guides students to compare rates through tables and graphs. Students continue to solve real-world problems involving ratio, rate, and percents. Depending on student progress, you may choose from a variety of activities for re-engagement, challenge, or review. CCSS-M Standards Addressed: 6.RP.3a, [6.RP.3b], 6.RP.3c Time: 4 days Lesson Overview – Days 1 & 2 Resources Description of lesson: Students will compare ratios and describe differences in the relationships. They will convert units. They will compare rates using tables and graphs. Note that students will explore rate and unit rate more deeply in a subsequent unit. CPM CCC1, Lessons 7.1.1 and 7.1.2 Day 1: Classwork: Problems 7-1, 7-2, 7-7 (add 7-3 to 7-6 for more guidance) Homework: Problems 7-9 to 7-11; optional 7-12, 7-13 Notes: Read the Teacher Notes for Lessons 7.1.1 and 7.1.2. You might post the focus questions for 7.1.2 and refer to them as you circulate among the teams. 1. Which quantities can we compare? 2. Are the ratios equivalent? 3. How else can the ratio be expressed? Day 2: Classwork: Problems 7-14 to 7-18 Resource Pages 7.1.2 Colored pencils or markers, several of different colors per team You can use Problem 7-18 as closure for the second day. Homework: Problems 7-19, 7-21, 7-23 Lesson Overview – Day 3 Resources Description of lesson: Students work more deeply on rate in the context of distance-time. The Escalator, Assessment Variation (Illustrative Mathematics) Running at a Constant Speed (Illustrative Mathematics) Notes: You might do these activities as Think-Ink-Pair-Share. First have students work individually, writing down their solutions. Then have them pair up to share their thinking and revise their solutions. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 19 Lesson Overview – Day 4 Description of lesson: Re-engage students with any topics they are struggling with, or go deeper with the application of the standards. Resources Overlapping Squares (Illustrative Mathematics) Shirt Sale (Illustrative Mathematics) Notes: You may have pairs or trios prepare a poster and give a presentation on a problem (assign different problems to each group.) You can also use the suggested Illustrative Mathematics problems to give students a chance to work with percent in more challenging problems. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 20 Milestone Task End of Module Assessment Task (NYS Common Core Math Curriculum) What will students do? Mathematics Objectives and Standards Math Objectives: ● Interpret graphs, tables, and verbal descriptions to solve problems involving ratios. ● Solve real-world problems involving ratio and percents using a variety of methods. ● Explain reasoning about ratios using precision in language and symbols. Time: 2 days CCSS-M Standards Addressed: 6.RP.1, 6.RP.2 (not explicitly addressed in this unit), 6.RP.3 Note: This assessment covers some standards not included in the Scope and Sequence standards for this unit (6.RP.2, 6.RP.3b, 6.RP.3d). You may want to choose just some of the problems, or provide some scaffolding for questions that involve unit rate. Lesson Series 3 does give students some experience with unit rate, so you should decide based on your students’ comfort level. There will be a later unit that focuses on rate, so students should not be expected to have mastery of unit rate at this time. Potential Misconceptions: Framing Student Experience Launch: Connect prior knowledge: What do you already know about ratios? What do you already know about ratio as a rate? How can you represent percents as ratios? Support ELL students by introducing important vocabulary before the task: • Word Wall • Vocabulary Chart • Provide sentence starters w for students to practice orally and in writing. • Brainpop.com: Ratio Video During: Students will use the SOLVE method from KEMS to examine and restate each word problem. Students will then work individually to solve the End of Module Assessment task individually by using tables, diagrams, or equations to justify their answer in written form. Closure/Extension: Grade and assess the task and provide opportunities for students to revisit the End of Module Assessment to identify misconceptions. Have students analyze other students’ work in a group to explain the process to correctly calculating the answer, or the errors involved in miscalculations. SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015 21 End of Module Assessment Task (NYS Common Core Math Curriculum) How will students do this? Standards for Mathematical Practice: 4. Model with mathematics. 6. Attend to precision. Structures for Student Learning: Academic Language Support: Vocabulary: safety course, exam, progress bar, complete, justify, court, approximately, feet, hardware store, signs on pallets, rate, unit rate, better value, brand, cubic foot, pounds, constant rate, income. Sentence frames: This question is asking me to find _____________________________. Twenty % can be written as a ratio as _______________________. My calculations can be justified by ______________________. Problem # 3:F Julie works 1/12 hours/dollar. This rate means ________________________________. It will take Julie __________________ hours to earn $228. Differentiation Strategies: • Drawing conclusion/making inferences. • Keeping track of materials/assignments. • Paying attention to the written word. Participation Structures (group, partners, individual, other): • A + B Partners • Individual SFUSD Mathematics Core Curriculum, Grade 6, Unit 6.3: Ratio, 2014–2015
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