CHEMISTRY
WATER
UNIT
Review
PART 1 OFMIOTERM
TEST
Handout
This handout includes 2 d i f f e r e n t , but similar ways to review f o r your midterm exam. The f i r s t part lists
skills t h a t you need to be able t o do, and things you must know. The second part includes a few more sample
problems t h a t you can do to make sure you know the material.
Unit 1: Lab Safety
& Procedures
Can you ...
•
I d e n t i f y common lab equipment?
\
•
I d e n t i f y t h e metric units of length, mass, time and volume? List them:
•
I d e n t i f y t h e common metric prefixes and convert measurements within t h e metric system?List them:
•
Record precise measurements with t h e correct label and number of decimal places?Draw a picture of a
graduated cylinder where t h e volume is 3.5mL:
•
Properly prepare and read graphs?
•
I d e n t i f y t h e dependent and independent variables?
•
Interpolate and extrapolate data?
Explain why t h e milliliter and cubic centimeter are t h e same volume?
•
Construct conversion factors f r o m equivalent measurements and apply t h e techniques of dimensional
analysis to a variety of conversion problems?
Unit 2: Water - Exploring
Solutions
Can you ...
•
Describe t h e function and operation of t h e water cycle; including its effect on water purity and indicate
the primary storage reserves of t h e earth's water supply?
•
Characterize t h e solid, liquid, and gas phases of matter? List them:
•
•
Describe t h e unusual physical properties of water and discuss their impact on life on Earth?
Classify matter in terms of elements, compounds, and mixtures; heterogeneous or homogeneous?Def ine
them:
Classify matter as a pure substance or a mixture?Give a few example:
)
•
Define and apply t h e terms solution, solute and solvent?
•
I n t e r p r e t t h e symbols and f o r m u l a s in a balanced equation in t e r m s o f atoms and molecules?
•
D e s c r i b e t h e t h r e e basic subatomic p a r t i c l e s and t h e i r c o n n e c t i o n t o bonding, p o l a r i t y and s o l u b i l i t y o r a
I
compound? D e f i n e :
•
D e f i n e anion and cation?
•
I d e n t i f y t h e names, charges and f o r m u l a o f cations and anions when given t h e ionic compound?Sive
Example:
•
D e f i n e ionic and covalent bonds?
•
D e f i n e t h e t e r m s insoluble, u n s a t u r a t e d , s a t u r a t e d , and s u p e r s a t u r a t e d ?
•
Classify solutions as acidic, basic o r n e u t r a l when given t h e pH? Give pH ranges:
•
Summarize t h e techniques used in t h e f o u l w a t e r lab? L i s t :
•
Classify m i x t u r e s based on c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ? L i s t :
•
W r i t e chemical f o r m u l a s and names f o r simple ionic compounds when given t h e names and charges o f
cations and anions?
•
Be able t o i n t e r p r e t d a t a o f chemical t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e presence o f c e r t a i n ions in aqueous
solutions? Such as t h e W a t e r T e s t i n g Lab?
•
Calculate c o n c e n t r a t i o n as a percentage?
W r i t e t h e f o r m u l a t o calculate c o n c e n t r a t i o n as a
percentage:
•
I n t e r p r e t s o l u b i l i t y curves and use d a t a o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e g r a p h f o r calculations r e l a t i n g t o s o l u b i l i t y ?
See Book and Building Skills
Measurement
of
Matter
M e t r i c s y s t e m [How many l i t e r s is 2 0 0 ml?]
Mass, Volume, D e n s i t y
(D = M / V )
Calculate t h e d e n s i t y (in g/cm ) o f an o b j e c t w i t h a mass o f 7 0 0 g and a volume o f 3 5 c m ? in mg/L?
3
Graphing
3
(
independent v a r i a b l e , dependent v a r i a b l e , slope, b e s t - f i t line, i n t e r p o l a t i o n , e x t r a p o l a t i o n , how t o i n f e r
relationships (direct/inverse)
Lab Equipment A
Safety
Uses and Names of common lab equipment
Confirming Test: Reference vs. Control (water testing lab), Define each:
How do you separate different mixtures (solutions, heterogeneous mixture of a liquid and solid, suspensions)?
General safety rules f o r lab
Water
Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance vs. how a substance reacts
Chemically similar?
List the physical properties of water
boiling point
, freezing point
odor
taste
clarity
Solids/ liquids/ gases
List particle model f o r each:
^
Unit
, surface tension
density
, color
What does (s), (I), (g) or (aq)mean? List:
Temperature scales used? Which units do we use?
Elements (symbols) A Compounds (formulas)
Define:
Examples:
Solutions define: solute:
solvent:
Mixtures
Example
Tyndall effect?
Settle out?
Solution
Suspension
colloid
Municipal water treatment vs. Mother Nature
List the steps involved in each water treatment.
W r i t e formulas of compounds with the help
a. sodium chloride
)
b. sodium hydroxide
c. sulfur dioxide
of
d.
e.
f.
the periodic table or the oxidation numbers (charges).
compound made from Cu (II) and SO4 "
compound made from Na and NO3"
carbon monoxide
2
Ionic compounds
Remember tooth & notch activity?
Properties
Describe bonding
Naming A Formula Writing
Solubility Curves
Solids vs. gases
What does DO mean?
What happens to DO as temperature goes
up?
What test would you do and what outcome would you get to distinguish:
Unsaturated solution?
Saturated?
Supersaturated?
Acid vs. Base
Which is the acid? Base?
NaOH
pH scale
litmus paper (blue and red)?
HCI How did you know?
Ions
Sain or lose electrons
How is a cation formed?
Anion?
Electron configurations: Which part of periodic table gives us:
valence electrons
energy levels
Octet Rule?
Stable configuration
Use valence shell to predict ion formed
Review the handouts from electron configurations
Use the following information to predict the formula f o r a compound made from X A Z.
Z has l s 2 s 2 p and X has l s 2 s 2 p
2
2
2
Like dissolves Like
What does this mean?
Polar
Non-Polar
Ionic
2
2
4