Lesson 2.1 Skills Practice Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Patterns, Patterns, Patterns . . . Developing Sequences of Numbers from Diagrams and Contexts Vocabulary Define each term in your own words. 1. sequence A sequence is a pattern involving an ordered arrangement of numbers, geometric figures, letters, or other objects. 2. term A term is an individual number, figure, or letter in a sequence. 3. ellipsis An ellipsis is three periods which mean “and so on.” Problem Set Write or draw the term requested for each given sequence. 1. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, … 2. Z, Y, X, W, V, U, … What is the next term? What is the tenth term? Q © 2011 Carnegie Learning 18 3. i, ii, iii, iiii, iiiii, … 4. What is the eighth term? What is the twentieth term? iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii , , , , ,... Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 355 Lesson 2.1 Skills Practice 5. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, … page 2 6. What is the eleventh term? XI What is the sixth term? Draw a picture and use a sequence to solve each problem. 7. Marta is decorating the rectangular top of a jewelry box with antique buttons that are all the same size. She has started by gluing 8 buttons across and 5 buttons down for a total of 13 buttons. Write a sequence of numbers to represent the number of buttons used for each group of buttons across and down that she uses to cover the box. How many total buttons will she need? 8. The cheerleaders wanted to create a pyramid for the halftime show. There are 6 members of the team who are strong enough to be at the bottom of the pyramid. Use a sequence to determine how many cheerleaders can participate in the pyramid. 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Twenty-one cheerleaders can participate in the pyramid. 356 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3. Marta will need 48 buttons. Lesson 2.1 Skills Practice page 3 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 9. A banquet hall has hexagonal tables. One person can be seated at each side. The diagram shows how the tables are placed together for large parties. Write a sequence to determine the number of people that can be seated around one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and eight tables. O O O O O O 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34 10. Kim has small wooden cube-shaped blocks. To make the next size cube using the blocks, she needs 8 blocks. Write a sequence to show the number of blocks needed for each increasingly larger cube that can be made. Include at least 6 terms in the sequence. © 2011 Carnegie Learning 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216 . . . 11. Clayton is making a trestle bridge for his miniature train display. The rods he is using are shaped to create a triangle when fitted together. He starts with 3 rods, making 1 triangle. To finish 1 side of the trestle, he needs 11 triangles. Write a sequence to determine the number of rods Clayton needs to make both sides of the trestle bridge. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 Clayton needs 46 rods to make both sides of the trestle bridge. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 357 Lesson 2.1 Skills Practice page 4 12. Keisha is slicing a large pizza into 32 equal slices. The pizza is already cut in half. She starts with 1 cut making 4 slices. She doubles the number of cuts she makes each time after that. Write a sequence showing the number of cuts she makes and another sequence showing the number of slices she creates. How many cuts should Keisha make to get 32 slices? Cuts: 1, 2, 4, 8 Slices: 4, 8, 16, 32 Keisha should make a total of 15 cuts to get 32 slices. Write a sequence to solve each problem. 13. Peter’s aquarium is too heavy to lift when it is filled with water. He needs to bail out at least half of the water and replace it with fresh water. The aquarium holds 10 gallons and the container he uses to bail water holds 3 pints. Write a sequence to show how the water decreases with each bailing and determine how many times he must bail with the pint container to remove at least half of the water in the aquarium. (Hint: There are 8 pints in 1 gallon.) 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47, 44, 41, 38 Peter must bail 14 times to remove at least half of the water. 358 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning 10 gal 3 8 pt/gal 5 80 pt Lesson 2.1 Skills Practice page 5 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 14. A runner starts running a race as fast as he can, but he gradually runs out of energy and slows down along the way. He starts running at a pace of 6 minutes per mile. After every 2 miles, he slows down by 1 minute per mile. Write a sequence to show how many minutes it will take him to run 12 miles. 6, 12, 19, 26, 34, 42, 51, 60, 70, 80, 91, 102 It will take the runner 102 minutes (or 1 hour and 42 minutes) to run 12 miles. 15. Tanya dropped her lucky penny from a hot air balloon at about 700 feet. The penny fell 32 feet per second until it hit the ground. Write a sequence to show the height of the penny each second as it fell and determine about how many seconds it took for the penny to hit the ground. 700, 668, 636, 604, 572, 540, 508, 476, 444, 412, 380, 348, 316, 284, 252, 220, 188, 156, 124, 92, 60, 28, 24 It took the penny about 22 seconds to hit the ground. 16. Samuel earns $30 per week for mowing grass on Mondays. He also spends $8 per week on comic © 2011 Carnegie Learning books each Saturday. Samuel checks his account balance each Sunday and Wednesday. Starting at $0 on the first Sunday, write a sequence showing the amount of money Samuel has each time he checks his account balance. Assuming he does not spend his money on anything other than comic books, how long will it take Samuel to save enough money to buy a $200 bike? 0, 30, 22, 52, 44, 74, 66, 96, 88, 118, 110, 140, 132, 162, 154, 184, 176, 206 It will take Samuel just over 8 weeks to save $200. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 359 Lesson 2.1 Skills Practice page 6 17. The eighth grade is collecting books for a used-book sale. On the first day of collections, they received 20 books. Each day after that they received the amount they received the previous day plus 5 books. Write a sequence to show the number of books collected each day and the total number of books collected after 2 weeks (school days only). Collections each day: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 Total collections: 20, 45, 75, 110, 150, 195, 245, 300, 360, 425 They collected 425 books. 18. Scientists determined that the population of an endangered species was decreasing by one half each year. At the start of a 7-year study, the species had a population of 8000. Write a sequence that shows the population at the start of each year during the study. © 2011 Carnegie Learning 8000, 4000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 360 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Every Graph Tells a Story Describing Characteristics of Graphs Vocabulary Explain the difference between the set of terms. 1. Explain the difference between a graph that is discrete and a graph that is continuous. A discrete graph is a graph that consists of isolated points. A continuous graph is a graph with no breaks in it. 2. Explain the difference between a graph that is linear and a graph that is nonlinear. A linear graph is a graph that is a line or a series of collinear points. A nonlinear graph is a graph that is not a line and not a series of collinear points. Problem Set Tell whether each graph is discrete or continuous. Also, tell whether each graph is increasing, decreasing, both, or neither. © 2011 Carnegie Learning 1. 2. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The graph is discrete and decreasing. x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The graph is continuous and both increasing and decreasing. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 361 Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice 3. page 2 4. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The graph is discrete and neither The graph is continuous and decreasing. increasing nor decreasing. 6. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The graph is continuous and both decreasing and increasing. 362 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The graph is continuous and increasing. © 2011 Carnegie Learning 5. Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice page 3 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Tell whether each graph is linear or nonlinear. Also, tell whether each graph is increasing, decreasing, both, or neither. 7. 8. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The graph is linear and increasing. The graph is linear and neither increasing nor decreasing. © 2011 Carnegie Learning 9. 10. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The graph is nonlinear and both The graph is nonlinear and neither increasing and decreasing. increasing nor decreasing. 10 x Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 363 Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice 11. page 4 y 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The graph is linear and increasing. 12. y 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The graph is nonlinear and increasing. 364 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice x © 2011 Carnegie Learning 1 Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice page 5 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Tell a story to describe each graph. 13. The plant starts with many leaves and y loses a few and then loses a lot in a short amount of time. Then, the plant starts Number of leaves on plant slowly gaining leaves. Perhaps the plant was not watered during the time when a large number of leaves were dropping off. Finally, the plant was watered and started to grow again. x © 2011 Carnegie Learning Day Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 365 Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice 14. page 6 The rocket rose quickly to a peak height y and then slowly dropped back down to Height of rocket the ground. x Second 15. The amount of heating oil used increased y over a short time, slowly decreased, and then increased quickly again. Perhaps the weather turned cold quickly, slowly x Day 366 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning Heating oil used warmed, and then got cold again. Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice page 7 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 16. Jason’s savings increased at a steady y rate, fell off quickly, and then increased steadily again. Perhaps Jason withdrew Jason’s savings account balance a large amount of money from savings to make a purchase and then started building his savings again. x Month 17. Dan steadily increased the distance he y ran and then ran the same distance for a few days. He suddenly stopped running completely and then increased his © 2011 Carnegie Learning Distance Dan ran distance slowly. Perhaps he was sick or had an injury that caused him to stop running and had to start back slowly. x Day Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 367 Lesson 2.2 Skills Practice 18. page 8 The puppy grew steadily for months y until he reached his full-grown weight, which he maintained, though it Weight of a puppy fluctuated slightly. x © 2011 Carnegie Learning Month 368 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice Lesson 2.3 Skills Practice Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ To Be or Not To Be a Function? Defining and Recognizing Functions Vocabulary Write the term from the box that best completes each sentence. scatter plot output relation input vertical line test mapping set domain range function 1. A(n) relation is any set of ordered pairs or the mapping between a set of inputs and a set of outputs. 2. The first coordinate of an ordered pair in a relation is the 3. The second coordinate of an ordered pair is the 4. A(n) function 5. A(n) scatter plot 6. The vertical line test input output . . maps each input to one and only one output. is a graph of a collection of ordered pairs. is a visual method of determining whether a relation represented as a graph is a function by visualizing whether any vertical lines would intersect the graph of the relation at more than one point or not. 7. A(n) mapping shows objects in two sets connected together to represent a relationship between the two sets. © 2011 Carnegie Learning 8. A(n) set is a collection of numbers, geometric figures, letters, or other objects that have some characteristic in common. 9. The domain 10. The range of a function is the set of all inputs of the function. of a function is the set of all outputs of the function. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 369 Lesson 2.3 Skills Practice page 2 Problem Set Write the corresponding ordered pairs and tell whether each relation is a function. 1. 1 2 3 4 4 6 8 10 (1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 4), (4, 6) The relation is a function. The relation is not a function. 4. 5 3 4 5 6 (1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 8), (4, 10) 3. 1 2 3 4 6 10 7 20 8 30 10 (5, 20), (6, 10), (7, 10), (8, 30), (10, 30) The relation is a function. Input Output 4 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 (4, 8), (8, 12), (12, 16), (16, 20), (20, 24) . The relation is a function 370 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning 2. Lesson 2.3 Skills Practice page 3 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 5. 6. Input Output x y 15 0 0 15 10 5 5 10 5 10 10 5 10 15 15 10 15 20 20 15 (15, 0), (10, 5), (5, 10), (10, 15), (15, 20) (0, 15), (5, 10), (10, 5), (15, 10), (20, 15) The relation is not a function. The relation is a function. Determine whether each graph represents a function. Use the vertical line test, if necessary. © 2011 Carnegie Learning 7. 8. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The scatter plot is not a function. The scatter plot is a function. No vertical A vertical line can be drawn through lines cross more than one point. (4, 1) and (4, 5). Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 371 Lesson 2.3 Skills Practice 9. page 4 10. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The scatter plot is not a function. The graph is not a function. A vertical line A vertical line can be drawn through will cross two y-values for most x-values. (3, 2) and (3, 6). 12. y y 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x The graph is a function. No vertical line The graph is not a function. A vertical line will cross two y-values for any x-value. will cross two y-values for most x-values. 372 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning 11. Lesson 2.3 Skills Practice page 5 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Determine whether each equation is a function. If it is not a function, explain why not. 13. y 5 3x 1 1 14. y 5 x2 The equation is a function. The equation is a function. ______ 16. y 5 √ x 1 5 15. y2 5 x The equation is not a function. For example, 3 5 9 and (23) 5 9. Each x-value except 0 The equation is not a function. For example, ______ ______ and 23 5 √ 4 1 5 . Each x-value 3 5 √4 1 5 can be mapped to two y-values. except 25 can be mapped to two y-values. 2 2 17. y 5 2|x| __ 18. √y 5 x 2 8 The equation is a function. The equation is a function. 1 x 19. y 5 __ 2 20. | y| 5 6 1 4x The equation is a function. The equation is not a function. For example, |10 | 5 6 1 4(1) and |210 | 5 6 1 4(1). Each x-value greater than 21.5 can be © 2011 Carnegie Learning mapped to two y-values. Determine whether each given situation represents a function. Explain your answer. 21. Input: Lila mails 6 different valentines to her friends. Output: Each of Lila’s 6 friends receives a valentine from her. Yes. Each friend receives just 1 valentine from Lila. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 373 Lesson 2.3 Skills Practice page 6 22. Input: There is 1 copy of a popular book in the library. Output: The book has been checked out by 45 different people. No. One book is mapped to 45 people. 23. Input: The principal of a school sends the same memo to all of the teachers. Output: There are 28 teachers in the school. No. One memo is mapped to 28 teachers. 24. Input: There are 13 cats for adoption at the animal shelter. Output: Each cat is adopted by a different family. Yes. Each family adopts just 1 cat. 25. Input: There are 3 showings of a play. Output: Over 200 people attend each showing. No. Each showing is mapped to over 200 people. 26. Input: Garrett bakes 2 dozen cookies for the bake sale. Output: Twenty-four people buy a cookie. 27. Input: The new issue of Sports Today is published. Output: Issues are sent to millions of readers. No. The new issue is mailed to millions of readers. 28. Input: Yi Ling has French on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and German on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Output: Yi Ling’s language classes per day. Yes. Each school day Yi Ling has only 1 language class. 374 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning Yes. Each cookie is bought by just 1 person. Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Scaling a Cliff Linear Functions Vocabulary Define the term in your own words. 1. linear function A function whose graph is a straight line is a linear function. Problem Set Identify the dependent quantity and the independent quantity in each problem situation. 1. Terrence is purchasing canned vegetables at his local grocery store to donate to the local food pantry. Each can costs $0.39. The total amount of money spent on the canned vegetables is the dependent quantity. The number of cans he purchases is the independent quantity. 2. Rosita’s pet rabbits eat 12 ounces of rabbit food every day. The number of ounces of rabbit food eaten is the dependent quantity. The number of days is © 2011 Carnegie Learning the independent quantity. 3. The amount of electricity used by a light changes as the knob on the dimmer switch is turned. The amount of electricity used by the light is the dependent quantity. The position of the dimmer switch is the independent quantity. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 375 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 2 4. Stephanie is selling Girl Scout cookies to raise money for her local troop. For each box of cookies she sells, the troop receives $2.00. The total amount of money she raises for the troop is the dependent quantity. The number of boxes she sells is the independent quantity. 5. The height reached by a water-propelled rocket is directly related to the amount of water pressure within the rocket. The height reached by the rocket is the dependent quantity. The amount of water pressure in the rocket is the independent quantity. 6. As an engineer opens the release gate on a dam’s spillway, the amount of water released from the lake increases. The amount of water released from the lake is the dependent quantity. The amount the release © 2011 Carnegie Learning gate is opened is the independent quantity. 376 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 3 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Complete the table and create a graph for each given problem situation. In the “Expression” row of the table, write a variable to represent the independent quantity in the first column and write an expression to represent the dependent quantity in terms of the independent quantity in the second column. 7. The Rivue Restaurant on the 25th floor of the Galt House in Louisville, Kentucky rotates 2.5 times every hour. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Time Number of Rotations Unit of Measure Hours Rotations 1 2.5 2 5 4 10 6 15 10 25 t 2.5t Expression 30 24 21 Number of Rotations © 2011 Carnegie Learning 27 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (hours) Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 377 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 4 8. Horace begins measuring the diameter of a pumpkin in his pumpkin patch when it has a diameter of 6 inches. After he measures the pumpkin, its diameter begins to increase at a rate of 2 inches per week. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Time Diameter Unit of Measure Weeks Inches 0 6 1 8 3 12 5 16 10 26 t 2t 1 6 Expression 30 27 21 18 © 2011 Carnegie Learning Pumpkin Diameter (inches) 24 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (weeks) 378 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice 7 8 9 10 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 5 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 9. Gretchen is filling a water trough for her cows. The water trough has 10 centimeters of water in it when she begins filling it and the water level increases by 5 centimeters every minute. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Time Water Level Unit of Measure Minutes Centimeters 1 15 4 30 8 50 12 70 15 85 t 5t 1 10 Expression 100 90 Water Level (centimeters) © 2011 Carnegie Learning 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time (minutes) Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 379 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 6 10. Carl initially had $200 in his savings account. Each week he withdraws $15. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Time Account Balance Unit of Measure Weeks Dollars 1 185 3 155 5 125 8 80 10 50 w 200 2 15w Expression 200 180 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time (weeks) 380 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice 14 16 18 20 © 2011 Carnegie Learning Account Balance (dollars) 160 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 7 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 11. A washing machine rotates at a rate of 6 rotations per second during the spin cycle. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Time Number of Rotations Unit of Measure Seconds Rotations 1 6 5 30 12 72 30 180 50 300 t 6t Expression 300 270 240 Number of Rotations © 2011 Carnegie Learning 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time (seconds) Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 381 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 8 12. A corn mill produces 1 ounce of cornmeal with every 4 rotations of the stone-grinding wheel. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Rotations Cornmeal Produced Unit of Measure Rotations Ounces 4 1 12 3 20 5 36 9 40 10 r 1 r __ 4 Expression 10 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Number of Rotations 382 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice 28 32 36 40 © 2011 Carnegie Learning Cornmeal Produced (ounces) 8 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 9 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 13. A concrete truck has an initial load of 70 cubic yards of concrete. The truck pours concrete at a rate of 0.2 cubic yard per second. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Time Concrete Remaining in Truck Unit of Measure Seconds Cubic Yards 10 68 20 66 50 60 100 50 200 30 t 70 2 0.2t Expression 100 90 Concrete Remaining in Truck (cubic yards) © 2011 Carnegie Learning 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Time (seconds) Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 383 Lesson 2.4 Skills Practice page 10 14. A steamroller travels at a constant rate of 3.5 feet per second. Independent Quantity Dependent Quantity Quantity Name Time Distance Travelled Unit of Measure Seconds Feet 5 17.50 10 35 25 87.50 50 175 100 350 t 3.5t Expression 350 315 245 210 175 140 105 70 35 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time (seconds) 384 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice 70 80 90 100 © 2011 Carnegie Learning Distance Travelled (feet) 280 Lesson 2.5 Skills Practice Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ U.S. Shirts Using Tables, Graphs, and Equations, Part 1 Problem Set Complete the table of values to model each problem situation. 1. You pay $5 to enter a raffle, plus $1 for each raffle ticket. Number of Raffle Tickets Purchased Total Cost (in dollars) 10 5 1 1(10) 5 15 11 5 1 1(11) 5 16 12 5 1 1(12) 5 17 13 5 1 1(13) 5 18 14 5 1 1(14) 5 19 15 5 1 1(15) 5 20 © 2011 Carnegie Learning 2. A company pays $500 for each computer, plus an $80 shipping charge. Number of Computers in Each Order Total Cost (in dollars) 5 80 1 5(500) 5 2580 6 80 1 6(500) 5 3080 7 80 1 7(500) 5 3580 8 80 1 8(500) 5 4080 9 80 1 9(500) 5 4580 10 80 1 10(500) 5 5080 Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 385 Lesson 2.5 Skills Practice page 2 3. Lauren has already read 55 pages of a novel. Each day, she reads another 30 pages. Number of Days Number of Pages Read 2 55 1 30(2) 5 115 4 55 1 30(4) 5 175 6 55 1 30(6) 5 235 8 55 1 30(8) 5 295 10 55 1 30(10) 5 355 12 55 1 30(12) 5 415 4. Mr. Cloud is writing an autobiography. He has already written 32 pages. Each day, he writes Number of Days Number of Pages Written 10 32 1 5(10) 5 82 15 32 1 5(15) 5 107 20 32 1 5(20) 5 132 25 32 1 5(25) 5 157 30 32 1 5(30) 5 182 35 32 1 5(35) 5 207 386 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning another 5 pages. Lesson 2.5 Skills Practice page 3 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Create a graph of the data in each given table. 5. A video game store sells each game for $30. The store’s total fixed expenses are $500 each month. They record the number of games sold, g, and their total profit, p, in the table below. p Number of Games Sold Total Profit (in dollars) 20 100 30 400 1800 Total Profit (in dollars) 1600 40 700 50 1000 60 1300 70 2000 (70, 1600) 1400 (60, 1300) 1200 1000 (50, 1000) 800 (40, 700) 600 400 (30, 400) 200 (20, 100) 10 1600 20 30 40 50 60 80 70 90 100 g Number of Games Sold 6. A paper store sells each ream of paper for $40. They will deliver it for a one-time fee of $25. An office records their total paper costs, c, in dollars, and the total number of reams delivered, r. Number of Reams Delivered Total Paper Costs (in dollars) 6 265 8 345 10 425 12 505 900 Total Paper Costs (in dollars) © 2011 Carnegie Learning c 1000 800 700 (16, 655) 600 (14, 585) 500 (12, 505) (10, 425) 400 (8, 345) 300 (6, 265) 200 14 585 16 665 100 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 r Number of Reams Delivered Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 387 Lesson 2.5 Skills Practice page 4 7. An architect is designing a new hotel. He is planning to have 10 windows in the lobby, and each hotel room will have 2 windows. The hotel will not have any other windows. He records the total number of windows, w, for different numbers of hotel rooms, r. w Total Number of Windows 50 110 75 160 100 210 125 260 150 310 175 360 500 450 400 Total Number of Windows Number of Hotel Rooms (175, 360) 350 (150, 310) 300 (125, 260) 250 (100, 210) 200 (75, 160) 150 (50, 110) 100 50 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 r Number of Hotel Rooms 8. A bookstore spends $300 on a new shipment of 200 books. They sell each book for $12. They record their total profit, p, in dollars, after selling b books. p 40 180 60 420 80 660 100 900 120 1140 140 1380 388 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice 1800 1600 1400 (140, 1380) 1200 (120, 1140) 1000 (100, 900) 800 (80, 660) 600 (60, 420) 400 200 (40, 180) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Number of Books Sold b © 2011 Carnegie Learning Total Profit (in dollars) Total Profit (in dollars) Number of Books Sold 2000 Lesson 2.5 Skills Practice page 5 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Use the given information to answer each question. 9. As part of her workout, Dana stretches for 15 minutes before running. She then runs 1 mile in 10 minutes. What is the total time of her workout, including stretching, if Dana runs 5 miles? 15 1 5(10) 5 15 1 50 5 65 Dana’s total workout time is 65 minutes if she runs 5 miles. 10. Evan borrows $200 from his parents. He agrees to pay his parents back an extra dollar for each day that he owes them money. If he waits 90 days to pay back his parents, what is the total amount Evan owes them? 200 1 1(90) 5 200 1 90 5 290 If Evan waits 90 days to pay back his parents, he will owe them a total of $290. 11. A wholesale food store charges a yearly membership of $50. A café owner uses his membership to purchase cases of bottled water. Each case of bottled water costs $5. In 1 year, the café owner buys 200 cases of bottled water. Including the yearly membership, what is the café owner’s total yearly cost, in dollars, for the 200 cases of water? © 2011 Carnegie Learning 50 1 5(200) 5 50 1 1000 5 1050 The café owner’s total yearly cost is $1050 for 200 cases of water. 12. A magazine publisher charges a supermarket $2 for each magazine that the market orders, plus a monthly rental fee of $30 for a magazine rack. If the supermarket orders 350 magazines per month, what is their total cost, in dollars, for the 350 magazines? 30 1 2(350) 5 30 1 700 5 730 The total cost will be $730 if 350 magazines are ordered per month. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 389 Lesson 2.5 Skills Practice page 6 Use the given information to answer each question. 13. Leah is ordering new beach towels. She will pay a $5 fixed shipping charge and $10 for each beach towel. If Leah has $55 dollars to spend on her beach towel order, how many beach towels can she buy? 50 5 5 _______ ___ 5 55 2 5 10 10 With $55, Leah can order 5 new beach towels. 14. Twelve people have a cold. Each day, 8 more people get sick. After how many days will 101 total people be sick? _________ ___ 12 89 5 11.125 101 2 5 8 8 Because the answer is a decimal, I estimated that after about 11 days, 101 people will be sick. 15. Jackson is ordering pizza for a party. He wants to order 4 pieces for himself, and 3 pieces for every person attending the party. If he orders a total of 34 slices of pizza, how many people are attending the party? _______ ___ 4 30 5 10 34 2 5 3 3 16. Sean is adding to his art collection. He already owns 7 paintings. Each time he visits an art gallery, he buys 2 more paintings. How many galleries will he need to visit if he wants to own at least 20 paintings? _______ ___ 7 13 5 6.5 20 2 5 2 2 Because Sean cannot visit half of a art gallery, he will need to visit 7 galleries to own at least 20 paintings. 390 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning Ten people are attending the party if he orders 34 slices of pizza. Lesson 2.5 Skills Practice page 7 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Write an equation in two variables to model each given situation. 17. A person’s nails grow at an average rate of 1 millimeter per week. You measure one of your nails to be 10 millimeters long. Write an equation that relates ℓ, the total length of your nail, to t, the time in weeks. ℓ 5 t 1 10 18. Devin earns $500 each week, plus $15 for each hour of overtime. Write an equation to represent Devin’s total weekly salary, s, if he works t hours of overtime. s 5 500 1 15t 19. A manager is hired at a starting salary of $60,000 per year. Each year, her salary increases by $5000. Write an equation to represent her yearly salary, s, at any given time t, in years. s 5 60,000 1 5000t 20. A hair stylist earns $70 per day, plus $20 for each haircut. Write an equation that relates his total daily income d, in dollars, for any number of haircuts, h. © 2011 Carnegie Learning d 5 70 1 20h 21. A clothing company charges $5 for each belt that it sells. It also charges a fixed delivery fee of $8 per order. Write an equation that relates the total charge c, in dollars, for an order of b belts. c 5 5b 1 8 22. A dry cleaner charges $2 to dry clean a shirt, and $10 to dry clean a jacket. Write an equation that relates the total dry cleaning bill b, in dollars, for s shirts and one jacket. b 5 2s 1 10 Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 391 © 2011 Carnegie Learning 392 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Hot Shirts Using Tables, Graphs, and Equations, Part 2 Vocabulary Define each term in your own words. 1. point of intersection The point of intersection is the point at which two lines on a graph intersect. This indicates where two data points are equivalent to each other. 2. estimation Estimation is the process of determining the approximate value of an expression, often done through rounding. Problem Set Estimate each value of each expression. Then, calculate the exact value. 1. 750.25 1 225.50 975; 975.75 © 2011 Carnegie Learning 3. 25 3 101 2500; 2525 2. 1.98 1 1.73 4; 3.71 4. 236 3 4 960; 944 5. 146.9 2 92.5 6. 4261 2 2637 60; 54.4 1700; 1624 Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 393 Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 2 Use the given information to complete each table and answer the question. 7. Job A will pay a $30,000 salary per year for the first year, with a $1200 raise each year. Job B will pay a $30,000 salary per year for the first year, with a 3% raise each year. Complete the table to show the annual salaries for the first 4 years, rounding each salary to the nearest dollar. In the fourth year, which job will pay the greater salary? Year Job A Job B 1 $30,000 $30,000 2 $30,000 1 $1200 5 $31,200 $30,000 3 1.03 5 $30,900 3 $31,200 1 $1200 5 $32,400 $30,900 3 1.03 5 $31,827 4 $32,400 1 $1200 5 $33,600 $31,827 3 1.03 5 $32,782 Job A will pay a greater salary. 8. Job C is offering you a $40,000 salary for the first year, plus a one-time $3000 signing bonus. Each year, you get a $1500 raise. Job D is offering you $40,000 for the first year, and each year you get a 5% raise. Complete the table to show the annual salaries for the first 4 years. Which job will pay Year Job C Job D 1 $40,000 1 $3000 5 $43,000 $40,000 2 $40,000 1 $1500 5 $41,500 $40,000 3 1.05 5 $42,000 3 $41,500 1 $1500 5 $43,000 $42,000 3 1.05 5 $44,100 4 $43,000 1 $1500 5 $44,500 $44,100 3 1.05 5 $46,305 After 4 years, Job C has paid: $43,000 1 $41,500 1 $43,000 1 $44,500 5 $172,000 Job D has paid: $40,000 1 $42,000 1 $44,100 1 $46,305 5 $172,405 Job D will pay me more for 4 years of work. 394 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning you more in total for all 4 years? Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 3 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 9. You have a choice between two different investment options. You will invest $6000. Investment Plan A estimates that you will earn 6% of your account balance each year. Investment Plan B estimates that you will earn $370 each year. Complete the table to show the account balance for the first 4 years. After 4 years, which investment plan would have a greater account balance? Year Plan A Plan B 1 $6000 $6000 2 $6000 3 1.06 5 $6360 $6000 1 $370 5 $6370 3 $6360 3 1.06 5 $6741.60 $6370 1 $370 5 $6740 4 $6741.60 3 1.06 5 $7146.10 $6740 1 $370 5 $7110 After 4 years, Plan A would have a greater account balance than Plan B. 10. You invest $5000 into each of two different accounts. In Account A, you will earn $50 each month. In Account B, you will earn 1% of your account balance at the end of each month. Complete the table to show the account balance for the first 4 months. After 4 months, which investment plan © 2011 Carnegie Learning would have a greater account balance? Month Account A Account B 1 $5000 $5000 2 $5000 1 $50 5 $5050 $5000 3 1.01 5 $5050 3 $5050 1 $50 5 $5100 $5050 3 1.01 5 $5100.50 4 $5100 1 $50 5 $5150 $5100.50 3 1.01 5 $5151.51 After 4 months, Account B would have a greater account balance. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 395 Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 4 11. On Big Country Dairy Farms, the average Holstein cow produces 40 pounds of milk daily in its first year of production and an additional 3 pounds of milk daily in each year after the first. The average Jersey cow produces 35 pounds of milk daily in its first year of production and an additional 4.5 pounds of milk daily in each year after the first. Complete the table to show each type of cows’ daily milk production for the first 5 years. After 5 years, which type of cow produces the most milk daily? Year Holstein’s Daily Milk Production (pounds) Jersey’s Daily Milk Production (pounds) 1 40 35 2 40 1 3 5 43 35 1 4.5 5 39.50 3 43 1 3 5 46 39.50 1 4.5 5 44 4 461 3 5 49 44 1 4.5 5 48.50 5 49 1 3 5 52 48.50 1 4.5 5 53 After 5 years, the average Jersey cow produces the most milk daily. 12. Jerry puts a different type of fertilizer on each of his two pumpkin patches. A pumpkin from Patch A measures 13 ounces in week 1 and grows at a rate of 3.2 ounces per week. A pumpkin from Patch B measures 9 ounces in week 1 and grows at a rate of 3.6 ounces per week. Complete the table to Week Weight of the Patch A Pumpkin (ounces) Weight of the Patch B Pumpkin (ounces) 1 13 9 2 13 1 3.2 5 16.20 9 1 3.6 5 12.60 3 16.20 1 3.2 5 19.40 12.60 1 3.6 5 16.20 4 19.40 1 3.2 5 22.60 16.20 1 3.6 5 19.80 5 22.60 1 3.2 5 25.80 19.80 1 3.6 5 23.40 After 5 weeks, the pumpkin from Patch A is the largest. 396 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning show the growth for each pumpkin for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, which pumpkin is the largest? Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 5 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ Use the given equations to answer each question. 13. Two catering companies host children’s sports banquets. Company A charges a fixed fee of $100 plus $3 per person. Company B charges a fixed fee of $75 plus $4 per person. The total charge for each company for any number of persons, p, can be calculated using the equations shown. Company A: c 5 3p 1 100 Company B: c 5 4p 1 75 Which company would charge less to cater for 200 people? Company A: c 5 3(200) 1 100 5 700 Company B: c 5 4(200) 1 100 5 900 Company A would charge $200 less to cater for 200 people. 14. Lana is joining a gym. Get Fit charges $20 per month, plus a $99 initial set-up fee. Work It Out charges $30 per month, plus a $50 initial set-up fee. The equations show the total cost after any number of months, m. Get Fit: c 5 20m 1 99 Work It Out: c 5 30m 1 50 Which gym would cost less if you planned on being a member for 4 months? © 2011 Carnegie Learning Get Fit: c 5 20(4) 1 99 5 179 Work It Out: c 5 30(4) 1 50 5 170 Work It Out would cost $9 less to be a member for 4 months. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 397 Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 6 15. Theodore and Jeffrey are comparing their text messaging plans. Theodore’s cell phone company charges according to the equation c 5 5 1 0.10m. Jeffrey’s cell phone company charges according to the equation c 5 3 1 0.15m. Let c represent the total cost in dollars for m text messages sent and received. Which plan charges more to send or receive a total of 100 text messages? Theodore’s plan: c 5 5 1 0.10(100) 5 5 1 10 5 15 Jeffrey’s plan: c 5 3 1 0.15(100) 5 3 1 15 5 18 Jeffrey’s plan charges $3 more to send or receive a total of 100 text messages. 16. Anthony and Lisa are both joining DVD rental programs. The cost of Anthony’s program per month can be represented by the equation c 5 10 1 1m. The cost of Lisa’s program per month can be represented by the equation c 5 5 1 2m. Let c represent the monthly cost if m DVDs are rented. Who would pay more if they each rented 7 movies in 1 month? Anthony would pay: c 5 10 1 1(7) 5 10 1 7 5 17 Lisa would pay: c 5 5 1 2(7) 5 5 1 14 5 19 Lisa would pay $2 more if they each rented 7 movies. 17. A coffee shop is ordering new coffee mugs. The total charges for The Mug Company are by c 5 25 1 0.50m. Let c represents the total cost of m mugs. If the coffee shop needs to order 100 mugs, which company should they order from? The Mug Company: c 5 15 1 1.5(100) 5 15 1 150 5 $165 A Perfect Mug: c 5 25 1 0.50(100) 5 25 1 50 5 $75 The coffee shop should order from A Perfect Mug because they will charge $90 less for an order of 100 mugs. 398 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice © 2011 Carnegie Learning represented by the equation c 5 15 1 1.5m. The total charges for A Perfect Mug are represented Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 7 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 18. You are flying to visit some relatives in Boston. Budget Airline charges $150 for a round-trip ticket, plus an additional $0.20 per pound of luggage, which is represented by the equation c 5 150 1 0.20p. Let c represent the cost, and let p represent the pounds of luggage. Cheap Air charges $75 for a round-trip ticket, plus an additional $0.80 per pound of luggage, which is represented by the equation c 5 75 1 0.80p. If you are bringing 30 pounds of luggage, on which airline should you fly? Budget Airline: c 5 150 1 0.20(30) 5 150 1 6 5 $156 Cheap Air: c 5 75 1 0.80(30) 5 75 1 24 5 $99 You should fly on Cheap Air because it will cost $57 less than flying on Budget Airline. Use the given graph to answer each question. 19. You need to choose a shipping company. Ship Fast charges $2.00 per package plus $1.00 per pound. Speedy Delivery charges $3.00 per package plus $0.50 per pound. The graph of the equations that represent this situation is shown. For what package weight do both companies charge the same price? y 10 9 Shipping Cost (in dollars) © 2011 Carnegie Learning 8 Ship Fast 7 6 Speedy Delivery 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x Weight (in pounds) A package weighing 2 pounds will cost the same to ship using either company. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 399 Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 8 20. Tate is ordering flour for her bakery. Baker’s Supplies charges $0.30 per pound, plus a $10 delivery fee. Best Flour charges $0.80 per pound, but delivery is free. The graph of the equations that represent this situation is shown. For what weight of flour is the cost equal for both companies? y 30 27 Charge (in dollars) 24 21 18 15 Baker’s Supplies 12 9 6 Best Flour 3 3 6 12 9 15 18 21 24 27 30 x Weight (in pounds) For 20 pounds of flour, the two companies charge the same total price. 21. Franklin is buying fabric. For the same material, Sew Right charges $4.00 per yard and an initial $5.00 convenience fee. Stitch Plus charges $6.00 per yard and a $2.00 convenience fee. The graph of the equations that represent this situation is shown. Which store should he buy the fabric from if he is buying 5 yards of material? y 30 27 Charge (in dollars) © 2011 Carnegie Learning Stitch Plus 24 Sew Right 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x Length (in yards) Franklin should buy from Sew Right because it charges less for 5 yards of fabric. 400 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 9 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 22. An ice cream shop is choosing a milk delivery service. The Spotted Cow charges $2.80 per gallon plus a $2 delivery fee. Dairy Farms charges $2.10 per gallon plus a $10 delivery fee. The graph of the equations that represent this situation is shown. Who charges more to deliver 15 gallons of milk? y 50 45 Charge (in dollars) 40 35 30 Dairy Farms 25 20 15 Spotted Cow 10 5 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 x Gallons of Milk © 2011 Carnegie Learning The Spotted Cow charges more to deliver 15 gallons of milk. Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 401 Lesson 2.6 Skills Practice page 10 23. Aiko is trying to select a prepaid cell phone. The Texnel phone costs $15 per month plus $0.15 per minute. The Konia phone costs $25 per month plus $0.05 per minute. The graph of the equations that represent this situation is shown. If Aiko plans to talk an average of 150 minutes per month, which plan should she choose? 50 y 45 40 Cost of Plan ($) 35 30 Konia 25 Texnel 20 15 10 5 0 x 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Minutes Used Aiko should choose the Konia phone if she talks 150 minutes per month. 24. A middle school principal is trying to select a publisher for the student handbook. Page One Publishing charges a start-up fee of $50 plus $0.75 per handbook printed. Page Two Publishing charges a start-up fee of $200 plus $0.25 per handbook printed. The graph of the equations that represent this situation is shown. Which publishing company should the principal choose if the school plans to print 200 handbooks? 500 y 450 © 2011 Carnegie Learning 400 Printing Cost ($) 350 300 Page Two 250 200 Page One 150 100 50 x 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Number of Handbooks Printed The principal should choose Page One Publishing to print 200 handbooks. 402 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice Lesson 2.7 Skills Practice Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ What, Not Lines? Introduction to Non-Linear Functions Vocabulary Sketch a graph of each given function. 1. absolute value function 2. square or quadratic function y 3. cube or cubic function y y x x x Problem Set Complete the table for each given function and use the values to graph the function. 1. y 5 |x| 1 3 © 2011 Carnegie Learning y x y 5 |x| 1 3 26 9 23 6 21 4 0 3 1 4 8 6 4 2 x 0 -8 -6 -4 0 -2 2 4 6 8 -2 -4 -6 3 6 6 9 -8 Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 403 Lesson 2.7 Skills Practice page 2 2. y 5 __ 1 x2 2 y x 1 2 y 5 __ x 2 8 24 8 6 22 2 21 0.50 4 2 0 0 1 0.50 x 0 -8 -6 -4 0 -2 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 -2 -4 -6 3 4.50 4 8 -8 3. y 5 x3 2 2 y x y 5 x3 2 2 22 210 21.5 ¯ 25.38 21 23 8 6 4 2 22 1 21 1.2 ¯ 20.27 1.7 ¯ 2.91 2 6 -6 -4 0 -2 -2 -4 404 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice -6 -8 © 2011 Carnegie Learning 0 x 0 -8 Lesson 2.7 Skills Practice page 3 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 4. y 5 __ 1 |x| 2 y x 1 y 5 __ |x| 2 8 28 4 6 24 2 22 1 0 0 2 1 4 2 x 0 -8 -6 -4 0 -2 2 4 6 8 -2 -4 -6 4 2 8 4 -8 5. y 5 x2 24 © 2011 Carnegie Learning y x y 5 x2 24 23 5 22 0 21 23 8 6 4 2 -8 0 24 1 23 2 0 3 5 x 0 -6 -4 0 -2 2 4 6 8 -2 -4 -6 -8 Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 405 Lesson 2.7 Skills Practice page 4 6. y 5 __ 1 x3 2 x 1 3 y 5 __ x 2 22.5 ¯ 27.81 22 24 21 20.50 y 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 0.5 2 4 2.5 ¯ 7.81 x 0 -8 -6 -4 0 -2 2 4 6 8 -2 -4 -6 -8 7. y 5 2|x| y x y 5 2|x| 25 10 23 6 21 2 0 0 1 2 8 6 4 2 -8 -6 -4 0 -2 -2 -4 -6 2 4 4 8 406 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice x 0 -8 2 4 6 8 © 2011 Carnegie Learning Lesson 2.7 Skills Practice page 5 Name_________________________________________________________ Date__________________________ 8. y 5 __ 1 x2 4 y x 1 y 5 __ x2 4 8 26 9 6 24 4 22 1 4 2 0 0 2 1 x 0 -8 -6 -4 0 -2 2 4 6 8 -2 -4 -6 4 6 9 -8 © 2011 Carnegie Learning 4 Chapter 2 Skills Practice • 407 © 2011 Carnegie Learning 408 • Chapter 2 Skills Practice
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