9AWH_p054_055_FNL.qxd:Layout 1
F
3/14/11
3:24 PM
Page 54
rom Imperial to
Feudal Japan
Top 10 Cities, 900
City Locations
Unlike mainland Asian civilizations, Japan was rarely
threatened by invaders. However, it was influenced by
neighboring cultures.
5
3
10 6
1
4
2 7
8
9
■ Japan’s religion, written language, and government
were based on ideas from China and Korea.
■ Strong emperors ruled early Japan. Over time,
civil wars divided Japan into tiny kingdoms with
their own rulers.
Rank/City (Modern Country)
■ As internal conflict decreased, a more unified
Japan increased trade with neighboring regions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
Conflicts between land-owning
families weakened the emperor’s
political power. By 1192 shoguns
(generals) took over as the true
rulers of Japan.
B
Ruling Families of Japan
Baghdad (Iraq)
Changan (China)
Constantinople (Turkey)
Kyoto (Japan)
Cordoba (Spain)
Alexandria (Egypt)
Luoyang (China)
Fustat (Egypt)
Manyakheta (India)
Kairwan (Tunisia)
Kyoto was the imperial, or the emperor’s, capital.
Strong imperial power made Kyoto one of the
world’s great cities.
more at
NWHatlas.com
Main Land-owning Families, 1183
Fujiwara
Minamoto
Taira
45°N
AUSTRALIA
Emperor’s capital
Shogun’s capital
0
100
100
200
900,000
500,000
300,000
200,000
200,000
175,000
150,000
150,000
100,000
100,000
ASIA
552–1300
0
Population
200
Hokkaido
300 miles
300 kilometers
N
40°N
KOREA
Se
NA
Yellow
Sea
PACIFIC
OCEAN
1 858 Fujiwara family gains
control over emperor.
u
CHI
a of Japan
Int
rod
(East Sea)
uct
ion
of B
uddh
ism 552
n
Ho
2 1159 Capital burned by warring
families; rebuilt in 1192 as Kyoto.
C
and hinese w
gov
ernmriting, a
ent 6 rt,
00–80
0
Kamakura
1192
Heian (Kyoto) 794
K
sh
35°N
3 1185 Minamoto destroys Taira,
soon become first shoguns
(military commanders).
yu
shu
ku
iko
Sh
4 1192 Shogun’s capital has
more power than emperor’s.
30°N
125°E
54
130°E
135°E
140°E
145°E
9AWH_p054_055_FNL.qxd:Layout 1
3/21/14
9:26 AM
Page 55
Empires and Cultures of Asia UNIT 4
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Japanese Feudal Structure, 1467–1867
C
After years of civil war,
a new social structure
emerged in Japan. Local
Emperor
military leaders, called
daimyo, challenged the
power of the shoguns
with armies of paid
Shogun Daimyo
samurai. Compare
this chart with the
chart on page 68.
Ruler in name only
National military leader
Local warlord
Samurai
Warriors serving
shogun and daimyo
Merchants and Artisans
Low status, although
some were wealthy
Largest and
poorest
group
Peasants
followed a strict honor
D Samurai
code called bushido, or “way of
the warrior.” They valued honesty,
courage, and fighting skills.
ASIA
3 1641 Japan bans all
but Chinese, Korean,
and Dutch trade.
If they fought with swords,
why were they called sho-guns?
MANCHURIA
MONGOLIA
AUSTRALIA
Shogun means great general in
Japanese. The first shogun,
Yoritomo, received his title from
the emperor in 1192. Yoritomo
established a military government
called a shogunate.
Sea of Japan
(East Sea)
Ningbo
BURM
SIAM
Bangkok
LAOS
500
Formosa
1 1550–1567 Piracy
increases during
Chinese trade ban.
PHILIPPINES
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Brunei
SULU
BRUNEI
Major trade route
Japanese pirate activity,
1550–1567
Japanese capital
0
2 1570 Nagasaki becomes
Japan’s main trade port.
CHAMPA
1550–1641
500
Manila
South China
Sea
CAMBODIA
Japanese Trade
0
NAM
AN
In the late 1500s legal and illegal
Japanese trade increased in East
and Southeast Asia. About ten
thousand Japanese lived outside
of Japan, some as traders.
A
Edo
Kyoto
JAPAN
Nagasaki
MING CHINA
Fuzhou
Changzhou
Guangzhou
Haiphong
E
Osaka
KOREA
Sumatra
Palembang
M A L A Y
1000 miles
1000 kilometers
Borneo
Simpang
Bandung
Ternate
Molucca
Is.
Ambon
S T A T E S
Java
Timor
55