PDF 25th Sept. 2016
Current educational attainments (उपलि ध/उपाजन/द ता) remain far from adequate for the
enhancement of personal well-being and social progress, according to a report of the
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Immigrant (अ य दे श से आकर बसने
वाला) populations are especially ( वशेष
प से) disadvantaged, an area that deserves particular
attention given the recent scramble (अ यवि थत कायवाह ) for shelter (शरण/आ य) and succor
(संकट सहायता/राहत) among millions of refugees. The findings in the OECD’s Education at a
Glance 2016 report make for sober (शांत/संयमी) reading all round, viewed against data on the
many rewards individuals and societies are able to reap when endowed (संप न) with higher
qualifications. For instance, people with a master’s degree stand a close to 90 per cent wage
advantage in the 35 countries of the OECD. Correspondingly, their governments receive over a
lifetime about €100,000 in taxes and social contributions more than they invest on a graduate.
There has been a 4 percentage point increase in the rate of enrolment in tertiary (तृतीयक)
education in the decade ended 2014. These are encouraging facts; the logical case therefore
should be for greater public investment in this sector. But across the spectrum the trend is clearly
in the opposite direction. While the report shows an 8 per cent rise in real-term spending per
child in the five years up to 2013, it also notes a 14 per cent increase in private expenditure in the
region in the same period. Private spending by students and households is estimated at some 30
per cent in the tertiary education sector alone. This has to be viewed against the backdrop of the
relentless (अनवरत/ नर तर) regime ( शासन/ यव था) of economic austerity ( मत य यता /
कठोरता) in the years following the financial crisis, with serious implications for equity and the
knowledge economies of the future. A broader issue mentioned in the report, which covers
besides OECD members, partner-countries including India, is the likelihood that states may not
be able to realize the 2030 Sustainable ( चर थायी/सतत) Development Goal pertaining to the
provision of quality education. This concern is echoed in the Unesco 2016 report. The need to
achieve the targets relating to SDG 4, to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education, cannot
be overstated, given that it is the pivot on which the realization of several other fundamentally
important developmental objectives remains. Indeed, almost the entire success of the 2030
agenda rests squarely on the education target. The objectives of reduction of poverty, alleviation
(उ मूलन/ नवारण) of hunger, expansion of employment, empowerment of women and gender
equality are all influenced by the qualifications and skills that men and women possess. And of
course at another level, without an educated and empowered populace, the dream of an
enlightened, more tolerant and peaceful world would forever remain elusive.
1. Attainments (उपलि ध/उपाजन/द ता)
Synonyms: Obtainment, Yield, Accomplishments, Acquirement
Antonyms: Failure, Forfeit, Lacking
2. Immigrant (अ य दे श से आकर बसने वाला)
Synonyms: Alien, Outsider, Foreigner
Antonyms: Native, Regional, National
3. Scramble (अ यवि थत)
Synonyms: Mishmash, Melee, Muddle
Antonyms: Order, Organized
4. Shelter (शरण/आ य)
Synonyms: Asylum, Harbor, Hermitage, Shield
5. Succor (संकट सहायता/राहत)
Synonyms: Sustenance, Support, Help, Aid
Antonyms: Obstruction, Hindrance, Hindrance
6. Sober (शांत/संयमी)
Synonyms: Quiet, Serene, Abstinent, Temperate
Antonyms: Agitated, Excited
7. Endowed (संप न)
Synonyms: Enriched, Equipped, Graced
Antonyms: Lacking, Dearth
8. Relentless (अनवरत/ नर तर)
Synonyms: Consecutive, Continuous, Constantly, Persistently
Antonyms: Intermittent, Discontinuously
9. Regime ( शासन/ यव था)
Synonyms: System, Arrangement, Order, Administration
Antonyms: Anarchy
10. Austerity ( मत य यता/कठोरता)
Synonyms: Parsimony, Temperance,
Antonyms: In Formalness, Mildness, Blindness
11. Sustainable ( चर थायी/सतत)
Synonyms: Continual, Unceasing, Imperishable
Antonyms: Temporary, Untenable
12. Alleviation (उ मू लन/ नवारण)
Synonyms: Extermination, Eradication, Efface, Annihilation
Antonyms: Building, Developing
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