Food Chain, Food Web, Adaptations, Life Cycle, and Traits Review Vocabulary You Need to Know: Food Chain-­‐ The path of food energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem. Food Web-­‐ Overlapping food chains with different pathways for the flow of food energy in an ecosystem. Habitat-­‐ The environment where an organism lives. Niche-­‐ The role or job that an organism plays in its habitat. Producers-­‐ An organism that makes its own food. Ex-­‐ plants Consumers-­‐ An organism that gets energy by eating other organisms. Decomposers-­‐ An organism that gets energy by feeding on dead materials and wastes. Ex-­‐ bacteria and fungus Omnivore-­‐ An animal that eats both plants and animals. Adaptation-­‐ A structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its surroundings. Ex-­‐ a duck’s webbed feet to help it swim. Life Cycle-­‐ The stages of growth and development that an organism goes through in its lifetime. Complete Metamorphosis-­‐ The changes in form that some insects go through during their life cycle. 4 Stages-­‐ Egg Larva, Pupa, and adult Incomplete metamorphosis-­‐ Changes in form that same insects go through during their life-­‐ It only has 3 stages egg, nymph, and adult. The nymph is just a smaller version of the adult insect. Photosynthesis-­‐ The process of using the energy in sunlight to make food from water and carbon dioxide. Migration-­‐ The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. Hibernation-­‐ A deep sleeplike state when an animals’ body processes slow down. Instinctive Behavior-­‐ A behavior that an animal inherits from its parents. Also called instinct. Learned Behavior-­‐ A behavior that an animal develops by observing other animals or by being taught. Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Cycle-­‐ The movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen between organisms and the air. Carbon Cycle-­‐ The circulation of carbon between living organisms and their surroundings. Information You Need to Know Instinctive Behaviors Behaviors humans and animals acquire from their parents. Ex-­‐ Breathing when first born, crying, a sea turtle going out to sea right after they are born. Learned Behavior Behaviors humans and animals have to be taught and practice. Ex.-­‐ Riding a bike, a dog learning to sit or stay, animals a blue jay learning that eating a monarch butterfly will make them sick, touching a hot stove and burning yourself. There are some behaviors that are both… A lion has an instinct how to hunt but has to be shown how to A bird knows how to fly but has to have trial and error. Organisms need food, shelter, and water to survive Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Cycle Complete Life Cycles Complete Life Cycles Continued-­‐ 4 Stages Adaptations 1. Camouflage-­‐ the shape, color, or pattern of an animal that helps it blend in with its environment. Ex-­‐ Lizard and Zebra 2. Migration-­‐ The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. Ex-­‐ some whales, monarch butterflies, and some birds. 3. Special Adaptations-­‐ Allows animals to live in a certain area. Ex-­‐ Polar bears blubber keeps him warm. Incomplete Life Cycles 4. Unique Defenses-­‐ Are defenses that the animal has acquired to keep it safe. Ex-­‐ porcupine’s quills 5. Mimcry-­‐ One organism’s looking like another kind of organism in its environment so it can escape predators or catch prey. Ex-­‐ Walking Stick 6. Hibernation-­‐ A deep slow sleeplike state when an animal’s body processes slow down. Ex-­‐ bear 7. Metamorphosis-­‐ The changes in form that some insects go through during their life cycle. Ex-­‐ butterfly, frog and other insects. Food Chain-­‐ Arrows represent energy flow Food Web-­‐ Arrows represent energy flow