Name ____________________________________________ Period _________ Date ________
Earth and Space Science
Deformation and Earthquakes
Deformation and Earthquakes Test Review
1. Describe the elastic rebound hypothesis.
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2. Which type of stress most likely occurred near the Himalayan Mountains? Which type of stress
is most likely occurring along the East African Rift Valley? Which type of stress is occurring along
the San Andreas Fault? Use your knowledge of stress and plate tectonics to explain your
answer.
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Identify the following faults and the stresses involved to produce each fault.
3. Fault name _______________________
Stress ___________________________
5. Fault name _______________________
Stress ___________________________
4. Fault name _______________________
Stress ___________________________
6. Fault name _______________________
Stress ___________________________
Identify the type of fault from the choices below:
a. Normal
b. Reverse
c. Strike-Slip
_____ 7. Tension pulls rocks apart
_____ 8. This kind of fault occurs at transform fault boundaries
_____ 9. Rocks above the fault plane move up relative to the rocks below
_____ 10. Compression pushes rock inward
_____ 11. This kind of fault occurs at divergent boundaries
_____ 12. Hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall
_____ 13. Shearing forces cause rock to move in opposite directions
_____ 14. This kind of fault occurs at convergent boundaries
_____ 15. A thrust fault is a special type of this fault
Travel-Time Practice Problems
Use the table below and your Travel-Time graph to find the epicenter distance for the listed
seismic stations:
Location
Seismic Station 1
Seismic Station 2
Seismic Station 3
Seismic Station 4
P wave arrival time
1:04:40
11:58:30
5:00:50
3:11:45
S wave arrival time
1:05:40
12:00:45
5:08:30
3:16:15
S-P
Epicenter Distance
16. Seismic Station 1 _________________
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17. Seismic Station 2 _________________
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18. Seismic Station 3 _________________
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19. Seismic Station 4 _________________
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Origin Time Questions
20. Arrival time of P waves is 2:20:00 p.m. and the distance from the epicenter is 4000 km. What
is the origin time of this earthquake?
21. Arrival time of P waves is 11:50:30 p.m. and the distance from the epicenter is 2000 km.
What is the origin time of this earthquake?
22. Arrival time of P waves is 7:15:45 p.m. and the distance from the epicenter is 7600 km. What
is the origin time of this earthquake?
Richter Nomogram Problems
Use the Richter Nomogram and your Travel-Time graph to find the earthquake’s magnitude.
Draw straight lines for each station on the graph and fill in the appropriate magnitude on the line
provided.
23. Seismic Station A
Epicenter Distance -- 550
Amplitude – 300 mm
24. Seismic Station A
Epicenter Distance -- 200
Amplitude – 9 mm
25. Seismic Station A
Epicenter Distance -- 760
Amplitude – 16 mm
Seismic Station B
Epicenter Distance -- 780
Amplitude – 75 mm
Seismic Station B
Epicenter Distance -- 380
Amplitude – 1.6 mm
Seismic Station B
Epicenter Distance -- 260
Amplitude – 400 mm
Magnitude _____________
Magnitude _____________
Magnitude _____________
Identify the type of seismic wave from the choices below:
a. P wave
b. S wave
______ 26. Second wave to be recorded at a seismic station
______ 27. Snake - like motion of wave
______ 28. Can only travel through solids
______ 29. Fastest seismic wave
______ 30. Compressional wave
______ 31. First wave recorded on seismometer
______ 32. Causes the most damage during an earthquake
33. Label the following diagram:
c. surface wave
The graph below shows travel time in minutes and distance traveled for primary and secondary
waves. Primary and secondary waves start at the same time but do not travel at the same speed.
Study the graph. Use the graph to help answer the questions that follow.
34. How long does it take for a primary wave to travel 2000 kilometers? _____________
35. How long does it take for a secondary wave to travel 2000 kilometers? _____________
36. How far does a secondary wave travel in 10 minutes? _________
37. How far does a primary wave travel in 10 minutes? ___________
38. What happens to the time difference between primary and secondary waves as the distance
traveled gets longer? _________________________________________
39. Suppose a primary and secondary wave both traveled a distance of 5000 kilometers before
they are picked up by a seismograph. Which wave will arrive first? __________________
40. How much time lag at 5000 km will there be between these two waves? ________________