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Chapter 16 Study Guide
Periods of Overseas European Empires
List the four stages of European contact with the rest of the world after the Renaissance:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. In which century did this first period close?
List the four regions that were settled by the Europeans in the 19th century during the 3rd stage:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Which two factors allowed European nations to exert influence and dominance over much of the world?
Mercantile Empires
11. Which treaty established the boundaries of empire during the first half of the 18th century?
12. Which European power controlled South America, Florida, Mexico, California, and the Southwest?
13. Which European power controlled the North Atlantic seaboard, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Bermuda,
Jamaica, and Barbados?
14. Which European power controlled the Saint Lawrence River valley and the Ohio and Mississippi River
valleys?
15. Which three European powers were major rivals during the era of colonization?
16. What did Mercantilist use to measure a nation’s wealth?
17. According to Mercantilist thinkers, how much economic growth is possible?
18. According to Mercantilism, what did the colonies provide for the home countries?
19. According to Mercantilism, what did the home countries provide for the colonies?
20. Who believed that the home country and its colonies should trade exclusively with one another?
21. Where was the heart of 18th century colonial rivalry in America?
List four major export crops from America:
22.
23.
24.
25.
26. Which of these crops became a staple instead of a luxury?
The Spanish Colonial System
27. Who commissioned Columbus?
28. Under which dynasty did Spanish colonial reforms take place?
29. What term is given to a person who was born in Spain?
30. What term is given to a person of European decent born in the Spanish colonies?
31. Whose imperial reforms were the Spanish equivalent of the new colonial measures that the British government
undertook after 1763?
Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy
32. Where did the first slaves arrive in the early 16th century?
33. What geographic pattern did the transatlantic colonial trade follow?
Mid-18th-Century Wars
List the two areas that were often the conflict of great powers and wars in the mid-18th century?
34.
35.
36. Which British captain lost his ear while being boarded by the Spanish in 1731?
37. What war was fought by the British to stop Spanish incursions on British trade?
38. Who was the British Prime Minister at the time?
39. Which king seized the Austrian province of Silesia?
List the two results of this seizure:
40.
41.
42. Who preserved the Habsburg Empire as a major political power?
43. Which country united the war over Austrian succession and the British-Spanish commercial conflict?
44. Which treaty officially ended the War of Austrian Succession?
45. Which country retained Silesia in 1748?
46. What war formally erupted in 1755 in North America?
47. Which British king reigned from 1727 to 1760?
48. Which two countries allied together with the Convention of Westminster?
49. Who invaded Saxony in 1756?
50. What war did this invasion start?
51. Which country allied with France in the Seven Years’ War?
52. Which treaty ended the Seven Years’ War?
53. Which British Prime Minister deserves the credit for Britain’s victory in the Seven Years’ War?
54. What did William Pitt boast to have won on the plains of Germany?
55. How many troops did William Pitt send to North America to fight the French?
56. Where was the Seven Years’ War mainly fought?
57. Which British General was killed on the Plains of Abraham after defeating the French in the Battle of Quebec
in 1759?
58. Which British king reigned from 1760 to 1820?
59. Who replaced William Pitt as Prime Minister?
List three territories that Britain received in North America after the French and Indian War:
60.
61.
62.
63. Which country emerged after the French and Indian War as a world power until World War II?
The American Revolution and Europe
List the two imperial problems that Britain faced after the French and Indian War:
64.
65.
66. Which British Prime Minister oversaw the passage of the Sugar Act?
67. What was the primary purpose of the Stamp Act?
68. Who objected to the Sugar and Stamp Acts due to the lack of representation in Parliament?
69. What meeting took place in October 1765 to oppose the Stamp Act?
70. What organization was formed in America to protest British policies?
71. What act declared that Parliament had power to legislate for the colonies?
72. Who passed a series of revenue acts relating to colonial imports in 1767?
73. Who did the British send to protect the officers who enforced British taxation policies in America?
74. What involved the killing of five Americans by British soldiers?
75. In which city did Americans throw a shipload of tea into the harbor?
List the four results of the Intolerable Acts:
76.
77.
78.
79.
80. What act extended the boundaries of Quebec to the Ohio River Valley?
81. What did the citizens who were critical of British policy establish throughout the colonies?
82. Where did the First Continental Congress meet in September 1774?
83. Which battle started the Revolutionary War?
84. When did the Second Continental Congress meet?
85. Who wrote Common Sense?
86. What did the Second Continental Congress adopt on July 4th, 1776?
87. Which American General defeated Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781?
List the two countries that Benjamin Franklin gained assistance from during the Revolutionary War:
88.
89.
90. Which treaty officially ended the Revolutionary War?
91. From whom did the Founding Fathers derive their political ideals?
92. Who was the King of Britain during the Revolutionary War?
93. Which Member of Parliament was expelled for publishing the newspaper The North Briton?
94. Who organized the Yorkshire Association Movement?
95. Who became British Prime Minister in 1783?
96. What personal condition weakened the royal power of King George III?
97. What happened to trade between Britain and America after the Revolutionary War?
98. In what year was the Constitution of the United States adopted?
99. Who demonstrated that government without monarchs and nobles is possible?
100. What was adopted to specifically protect American liberties?