The Getty Conservation Institute
Field Trip Report
By F. LeBlanc, Head, Field Projects
APT Conference, Galveston, TX
Nov. 3-7, 2004
What is APT?
The flag of Texas
The Association for Preservation Technology International (APT) is
the premier cross-disciplinary organization dedicated to promoting the
best technology for conserving historic structures and their settings.
With 1500 members in 28 countries, APT connects a network of
architects, conservators, trades people, consultants, planners,
curators, landscape architects, engineers, developers, educators,
engineers, historians, apprentices and students.
J.M. Teutonico receives the Harley J. McKee Award
APT Conference
brochure with an
illustration of the
construction of the sea
wall built after the Great
Storm of 1900
APT President Natalie Bull handing the Harley J. McKee Award to Jeanne Marie
Teutonico
Hotel Galvez built in
1911, venue of the APT
2004 Conference
The Harley J. McKee Award is the highest honor bestowed by the
Association for Preservation Technology International to recognize
outstanding contributions to the field of preservation technology over
time. Harley James McKee, FAIA (1905-1976) was a preservationist,
architect, author, and professor, and a participant in the second APT
meeting held at Upper Canada Village in 1968. His thirty-year
teaching career benefited several generations of students at five
1
universities, concluding with a twenty-year tenure at Syracuse
University.
Hotel Galvez interior
Typical Galveston
commercial
architecture
APT President Natalie Bull said: “This year’s recipient of the Harley J.
McKee Award was genetically hard-wired for a distinguished career in
research and education, having been born to a materials researcher
and a teacher. Influenced by peripatetic early studies that touched on
mathematics, music, art history and literature, this individual became
committed to the field of architectural preservation after a stint of
European travel and a course on Renaissance architecture with
Princeton Professor David Coffin.
A degree in art history was followed by a Masters of Science in
Historic preservation from Columbia University. Then, a scholarship to
the Architectural Conservation Course at ICCROM in Rome. Later, a
research fellowship to work with Dr. Giorgio Torraca on the
development of grouts for wall paintings conservation... Her history of
collaboration, strategic research and publication now stand her in
good stead as Associate Director of the Getty Conservation Institute,
where since 1999 she has managed the Science and Field Projects
departments and created an international training program.
Additional roles include serving as chair of the 2003 and 2004 juries
for the Rome Prize, and contributing to US ICOMOS as a Trustee at
large. And her focus on preservation technology and materials
continues to be exercised in 2005; she will give the keynote address
at the 2005 International building Lime Symposium.
Galveston residential
architecture
In recognition of these achievements, the Association for Preservation
Technology is pleased to award the 2004 Harley J. McKee Award to
Jeanne Marie Teutonico.”
Galveston industrial
architecture
Galveston Trolley
Stop
2
John Fidler, Keynote Lecture
John Fidler,
Conservation Director,
English Heritage
Foundations of Sand? - A Commentary on Quality and
Consistency in Conservation and the Need for Standards
By: John Fidler, Conservation Director, English Heritage, London,
England
Hugh C. Miller shared
highlights from the
careers of four APT
“giants” who passed
away this year: Martin E.
Weaver, Thomas Spiers,
Elliott Carroll and
Charles Peterson
Susan Buggey, Chair of
the College of Fellows
jury presented the
awards to the new
inductees
John made a historical review of the development and use of
standards that went all the way back to the Romans. He talked about
different types of standards and how important they are to the
development of any industry or profession. He went on to say that in
the UK, there are very few standards for conservation of historic
buildings. And the ones that exist are not read, not applied or not
understood. Simple repairs to masonry continue to be poorly
executed.
Because there are no recognized definitions of competency in the UK
for heritage preservation, English Heritage has decided to move
forward with the development and implementation of standards for
professional practice. RIBA, AABC, RIAS, RIAI, RICS, ISE/ICE, and
loC(URIC) are all the acronyms of professional associations that have
agreed to collaborate with English Heritage to “raise the bar” and
develop standards for proven competence in heritage preservation for
their professionals. This strategy should go into effect during the
coming year.
Though they have been particularly active in setting standards during
the past century, engineers are not applying those skills to the field of
conservation. There is a world crisis for training engineers and we are
also getting into a big crisis with craftsmanship. Good craftsmen are
disappearing at an alarming rate.
He concluded by saying that “charters are vital, but they need better
illustration and promotion”.
3
Nicholas Stanley-Price, College of Fellows Lecture
Nicholas Stanley-Price,
Director General of
ICCROM
Standards in Conservation and Cultural Diversity
By: Nicholas Stanley-Price, Director-General, International Centre for
the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
(ICCROM), Rome, Italy
Dr. Stanley-Price talked about standard-setting instruments,
especially the international ones such as the Charters adopted by
international professional bodies and the international
Recommendations and Conventions such as the ones created by
UNESCO. In particular, he reviewed the UNESCO World Heritage
Convention of 1972 that was meant to create a list of natural and
cultural properties of outstanding universal values but that until now
has failed to do this in a truly universal way.
Natalie Bull, President of
APT was celebrating her
birthday that evening
There is a great imbalance on the current list between properties
nominated from Europe and North America and the rest of the world
as well as between cultural and natural properties. Dr. Stanley-Price
commented on several other international conventions. International
standard-setting instruments are essential, but they will never replace
“understanding” as the basis for motivating people and governments
to act in the right or appropriate way.
2004 College of Fellows Inductees
Mariachi playing during
the Banquet and Awards
Ceremony
2004 Fellows: D. Woodcock, M. Kaplan, S. Schur, A. Staehli, D. Slaton and T. McGrath
Rosanne Dubé, from
N.Y., Editor of the APT
Communiqué
4
APT Conference in Galveston
Galveston residential
architecture on
Postoffice street
Typical commercial buildings on 21st Street in Galveston, Texas
Galveston residential
architecture
Galveston residential
architecture
The Strand in Galveston
For better or worse, Galveston was founded and grew on the narrow
barrier island that protects the bay from the relentless waves of the
Gulf of Mexico. The bay was home to the nomadic Karankwa, a base
for the pirate Jean Lafitte, and explored by Cabeza de Vaca. The town
was named for Bernardo de Galvez during Spanish rule.
Texas became a republic in 1836 and Galveston grew rapidly as a
commercial port, and as a center for banking and trade. By the 1880s,
having survived Texas’ unionization, secession during the Civil War,
and the trials of Reconstruction, it was one of the leading cotton ports
and financial cities in the United States. The Strand, “The Wall Street
of the South”, has many grand buildings, several by local architect
Nicholas Clayton. The city boasted many Texas ‘firsts. ’ From post
office, private bank, telegraph, gas lights, electricity, cotton
compresses, telephone exchange, national bank, chain newspaper,
electric street cars, to medical school and cathedral, Galveston led the
way.
The wealth and the bustle came to a sudden and tragic stop during
the night of September 8, 1900 when the island was struck by a
massive hurricane that killed more than 6,000 people and destroyed
two thirds of the city’s buildings. Galveston refused to die after The
Great Storm. It constructed a massive seawall, and endured six years
of sand being pumped onto the city to raise the grade and reduce the
impact of future storms.
The Strand in Galveston
late on Saturday
afternoon
The economy of the island changed from a trading port on Galveston
Bay to a freewheeling playground on the Gulf of Mexico. Much of the
business moved to Houston, and many of the great buildings were
abandoned.
5
Publication of “The Galveston That Was” in 1966 drew attention to this
heritage, and acted as a catalyst for renewal of the Strand area.
Galveston now boasts five districts on the National Register of Historic
Places. Conference participants met in one of the heroic gestures of
the rebuilding, the Hotel Galvez, which opened its doors on the newly
constructed Seawall Boulevard in 1911.
Today Galveston is a gulf-side playground, a center for education,
research and medicine, and a vibrant heritage tourism and conference
venue. It is still a port for shipping, cruise lines, and off-shore oil, and
the famous shrimp fleet is still housed at Pier 19.
Workshop participant
Sara Chase from
Lexington MA
History is being used as well as enjoyed, and APT conference
attendees found it a rich learning environment.
Decorative Paint Workshop
November 3 – 4
Workshop participant
Chris Hutson, Architect
from Austin, TX
Master Painter and gilder John Canning demonstrating various decorative
painting techniques to workshop participants
Workshop participant
Dennis Cordez, Texas
Parks & Wildlife, Austin
Workshop participant
Gregory MacNeil,
Architect, Halifax, NS
Objectives:
The workshop provided attendees with an understanding of American
decorative painted finishes and how to examine and preserve these
finishes in architectural settings.
Content:
Day 1 started with an overview of the use of decorative paint in
America, methods of investigation and analysis, and some hands-on
work with investigating and conserving finishes. Hands on
demonstrations were conducted in the making and application of oil
and water based paints with an explanation of the different attributes
of each. These demonstrations extended into Day 2 to allow for drying
time. The day concluded with an off-site visit to learn how to sample
paint and the methods of creating exposures. Hands-on opportunities
on conserving and recreating painted finishes were provided.
6
Day 2 began with a discussion of the differences between paint color
investigation and paint analysis, and whether these should be used to
investigate decorative painting schemes. The discussion addressed
the lack of standards, and the problems this can cause. The workshop
examined some archival materials and discussed how these items
were used. Further discussion included an overview of the appropriate
contents of decorative painting research reports.
Examples of historic
paint chip catalogues
from the 1880s
The workshop continued with hands-on examination of paint samples
under the microscope. The workshop concluded with hands-on work
investigating, conserving, and exposing finishes at St-Mary’s
Cathedral Basilica where the parishioners have expressed their wish
to recover the original cathedral interior decoration scheme.
Instructors:
Mary Jablonski, Jablonski Berkowitz Conservation, Inc., New York,
NY.
John Canning
demonstrating “striking”
i.e. painting lines of
different thickness
without the use of
masking tape (which is
something amateurs
use!)
Ms. Jablonski has a Master's Degree in Historic Preservation from
Columbia University, New York. After graduation she worked for five
years at a structural engineering firm specializing in the restoration of
historic structures. Her current work includes: historic structure
reports; historic material investigations; compliance with landmarks
regulations; development of technical treatment specifications. She
has special interests in finishes and modern materials. Ms. Jablonski
is a Professional Associate in the American Institute for Conservation
of Historic & Artistic Works (AIC). She is a past Chair of the
Architecture Specialty of Group of the AIC. She is on the board of the
APT North East Chapter.
John Canning, Founder and President, John Canning and Company,
Ltd.
Mary Jablonski,
Decorative Paint
Workshop instructor
Mr. Canning is a member of the American Institute of Conservators
(AIC). He was educated in old world and traditional paint and
decorative techniques at the Scottish Decorative Trade Institute,
Glasgow Stow College of Building and at the Glasgow School of Art.
He served an apprenticeship as a church decorator before becoming
a member of the London City and Guilds. Mr. Canning brought his
skills and talents to the US in the early 1970s, and over the years has
become a pivotal force in the restoration of historic American
Architecture.
John Canning,
Decorative Paint
Workshop instructor
7
Gilding demonstration.
Gold leafs are sold in
“books” in which very
thin sheets of gold are
held between sheets of
“rouge” paper
The gold leaf is simply
laid over the “sticky”
surface then set in place
with a soft brush; no
coating should ever be
applied over gold leaf;
useful life should be
between 25 and 30 years
“Dutch metal” is an alloy
of bronze or copper; it is
cheaper than gold but
must be coated because
it begins to oxidize as
soon as it is exposed
Aluminum sheets are
also available for
gilding; in this sample,
bottom = gold, middle =
Dutch metal, top =
Aluminum
All sorts of new
products are now
available for gilding
such as this one created
by applying heat to thin
sheets of bronze or
copper
Interior of St-Mary’s
Cathedral Basilica where
hands-on decorative
painting exercises were
held
We first studied historic
pictures that showed the
earlier painted
decoration scheme
Participants discussing
a strategy for locating
earlier decorative
painting; it is preferable
to look for areas where
there is a variety of
details rather than try to
identify isolated
individual colors
Once a location is
selected, the test area is
delimited with masking
tape; a thin coat of paint
thinner or acetone is
applied; in this case, 3
layers of white paint
were removed before a
decorated pattern
appeared
The last coat of white
paint is carefully
removed revealing the
decorated pattern; John
then went a bit further to
see if there was another
painted pattern
underneath; there was
not
The adjoining woodwork
was also carefully
examined, revealing that
the original color was a
much lighter shade of
gray-brown and it had
been struck to imitate
masonry joints
J. Canning applying a
coat of “sizing”, a
“sticky” material that will
hold the gold leaf; the
sample was left to dry
overnight
8
Metals Conservation and Preservation Workshop
November 3 – 4
Objectives:
The workshop addressed the restoration of historic metals by
following the process used in actual projects, from the definition of the
problem, analysis of the findings, the development of design solutions,
implementation of the work and the subsequent plan for maintenance.
John Canning
demonstrating wood
graining technique by
first applying a coat of a
mixture made of
pigments, dryers and
beer (traditional binder)
The finished sample
Content:
The program was based at the metal workshops of McLean’s
Blacksmithing Inc., and included site visits to investigate poorly
maintained ironwork, poorly designed new work, restoration projects,
and applications used at completed work and on-going projects.
The workshop considered historic metals for both structural and
ornamental purposes. An opening lecture laid the foundation for the
hands-on experiences to follow. The presentation used case studies
and discussion to illustrate the challenges inherent to metal
conservation and preservation. Problems examined and assessed
included the environmental impacts of acid rain and salt exposure,
corrosion, improper repairs and design errors.
Investigation techniques had the goal of defining the problems and
identifying a solution. The process included metallurgy, specifically
chemical and mechanical properties, and weight calculations for both
ferrous and non-ferrous materials. Environmental and safety concerns
included proximity to sensitive areas, the problems of lead-based
paints, and safe practices. This information was analyzed to create
key specifications and documentation to be used in the restoration
work.
Registrants then participated in the fabrication process, beginning with
deconstruction and cleaning of the existing material, and following
with repair and the creation of new material as needed. Concerns of
material compatibility were addressed. Processes included template
and jig construction, pattern making and casting, and metal fabrication
and appropriate fastening methods.
Thomas H. Taylor,
Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation
Instructors:
Doug McLean, McLean’s Blacksmithing Inc., Galveston, Texas
Mr. McLean is President of the company that he founded in 1982. The
firm focuses on custom fabrication, preservation and conservation of
metalwork in the Houston-Galveston region. They have made major
contributions to the restoration of significant historic iron structures in
Galveston, including the 1887 Landes Home and the 1877 Scottish
barque Elissa, the ‘tall ship for Texas’ berthed at the Texas Seaport
Museum.
John Pistone, Deacon,
St-Mary’s Cathedral
9
J. Scott Howell, Robinson Iron, Alexander City, Alabama
Mr. Howell is Vice President, General Manager and co-owner of
Robinson Iron, a privately held concern established in Alexander City
in 1946. The firm specializes in architectural metal castings. He has
30 years experience in the field of metals restoration and
conservation.
Workshop in Preservation Engineering
Diagnostics Nondestructive Testing for the Evaluation of Historic
Structures
November 3 – 4
Objectives:
The workshop provided guidance for engineers in the use of
diagnostic non-destructive testing for historic structures. It was
intended for graduate engineers and practicing engineers who are not
familiar with this subject area, and for technically oriented
professionals from other disciplines.
Content:
The first day dealt with the concepts, theory, and approaches to
diagnosis in historic structures, using nondestructive testing methods.
It included an overview of applicable technical standards and
guidelines relating to diagnosis and testing of historic structures, and
discussed applicability and appropriateness of existing standards, and
the role of engineering judgment.
The second day consisted of field sessions demonstrating diagnostic
test methods on actual structures. The test methods included groundpenetrating radar, in-place tests of masonry, infrared thermography,
resistance drilling of timber and digital radioscopy. Simpler diagnostic
tools were also available, such as moisture meters and rebound
hammers. Stations were set-up for hands-on application at selected
buildings. The field sessions were set up to allow groups of attendees
to rotate between stations. The attendees were encouraged to make
observations and discussed the condition of the buildings, alternative
diagnoses, and the meaning of the test results.
Instructors:
Michael Schuller, P. E., Atkinson-Noland, Boulder, Colorado
Mr. Schuller is president of Atkinson-Noland & Associates, an
engineering firm specializing in evaluation and repair of masonry
structures. He is active with development of masonry standards with
ASTM and The Masonry Society, and teaches masonry structural
design at the University of Colorado.
10
Ronald Anthony, Anthony & Associates, Fort Collins, Colorado
Mr. Anthony is Wood Scientist for Anthony & Associates, Inc. His
consulting work focuses on innovative inspection technologies for
assessment of timber structures and forensic investigations on woodrelated failures. He received the James Marston Fitch Foundation
Grant in 2002 for his approach to evaluating wood in historic
buildings.
Jonathan Spodek, AIA, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
Mr. Spodek is an architect and a faculty member at the College of
Architecture and Planning at Ball State University. His teaching and
research focuses on preservation technology and building
assessment. His architectural practice focuses on building evaluation
and restoration.
Patrick Sparks, P. E., Sparks Engineering, Inc., Austin, Texas
Mr. Sparks is a consulting engineer specializing in the investigation
and repair of existing structures. He is a regular guest lecturer in
preservation technology at Texas A& M University, and he has served
on the board of directors of the Association for Preservation
Technology International (APT).
Patrimony and Pragmatism
Design Excellence and Preservation Standards
Thursday, November 4
A one-day symposium exploring emerging international trends in the
conservation and re-use of our architectural heritage, and the issues
that shape the nature of change.
The Roman architect Vitruvius defined good architecture as having
“Commodity, Firmness, and Delight”: good function, sound building,
and the ability to lift the human spirit.
“Firmness and Delight” may make a building valuable commercially,
yet contemporary demands on services and security must often focus
on the needs of function. Satisfying these needs may require
significant interventions into historic properties that test the threshold
of how much change can be tolerated without sacrificing historic
character.
This one-day symposium brought together scholars, practitioners, and
federal stewardship program leaders to explore the state of the art
and future directions for maximizing the value of historic properties
while retaining their historic integrity. In five structured discussion
sessions, international experts presented examples of projects and
interventions illustrating their own, sometimes conflicting, perspectives
on approaches that derive value from heritage buildings as part of a
11
vital cultural legacy and as integral elements in a dynamic urban
environment.
Following the Great
Storm of 1900, the
engineers hired by the
City Leaders designed
and constructed a
concrete wall all along
the Island’s Gulf-side. It
is 17 feet high. The level
of the city was also
raised by pumping sand
from the sea; all the
remaining standing
buildings were also
raised.
Galveston harbor
structure
Registrants were invited to participate in interactive discourse
following each panel discussion. The breadth of examples and
speaker perspectives were intended to stimulate debate over differing
philosophies represented by visionary projects that brilliantly adapted
program requirements to showcase the original architect’s intent, as
well as provocative interventions that created new showstoppers
celebrating a composite of new and old.
There were four content sessions, followed by a discussion and
overview.
1. Broad Spectrum: International Approaches and the Role of
Government
2. Evaluating Significance and Keeping Integrity
3. Designing for Building Performance
4. Designing for the Urban Context
The final session, designing for excellence and successful
preservation, explored balancing the goals of maintaining historic
integrity and maximizing building performance with the goal of
promoting design for vibrant city centers that remain rich in historic
character. This session involved panel participation and included
audience participation.
Galveston, Texas - Brief History
Typical Galveston Street
Commercial architecture
on The Strand
The Strand in Galveston
Galveston Island has been occupied since the early 1500's, serving
as a home to Akokisa Indians (once thought to be the Karankawa
Indians), the infamous pirate Jean Lafitte, "little Ellis Island," "the Wall
12
Street of the Southwest," the richest city in Texas and the site of the
worst natural disaster in U.S. history.
Galveston was named for Bernardo de Galvez, a Spanish
colonial governor and general. Galvez sent Jose de Evia to chart
the Gulf of Mexico from the Texas Coast to New Orleans, and on July
23, 1786 de Evia charted an area near the mouth of a river and
named it Galveston Bay. Later the island and city took the same
name. Bernardo de Galvez died the same year, never setting foot on
his namesake.
Michel B. Menard, a
native of Canada,
established the City of
Galveston
In the 1500's, Galveston Island was home to Karankawa Indians who
camped, fished and hunted the swampy land and buried their dead
here. The Spanish explorer Cabeza de Vaca was stranded on the
Island living among the Karankawa for several years as a medicine
man and slave.
In the late 1600's French explorer Robert Cavelier La Salle, although
he did not reach Galveston Island, claimed this area for King Louis
and named it St. Louis.
The privateer Jean Lafitte arrived on the Island in 1817 making it
his base of operations and naming it Campeche. The little village
contained huts for the pirates, a large slave market, boarding houses
for visiting buyers, a shipyard, saloons, pool halls, gambling houses
and Lafitte's own mansion, the "Maison Rouge."
M. Menard’s house on
33rd Street was built in
1838.
“This grand Greek
Revival house was built
by Galveston’s founder,
French-Canadian furtrader Michel B. Ménard
and is one of the oldest
structures on the island.
The Ménard house was
rehabilitated in the
1990s.”
General James Long attempted to recruit Lafitte to help make Texas
independent from Spain and Mexico but Lafitte remained neutral. In
1820 Mexico won independence from Spain, but Lafitte stayed on the
Island. After Lafitte's attack on an American ship, he was forced to
abandon his operations here in May 1821. Before leaving, he held a
huge party for his pirates with wine and whiskey and burned his
settlement. It is believed that he had buried treasure on the Island, but
it has never been found.
In 1821, Jane Long, while waiting for the return of her husband
General James Long, became "The Mother of Texas" giving birth to
the first Anglo-Saxon native Texan, Mary Jane Long on Bolivar
Peninsula. Gen. Long had been killed in Mexico.
In 1836, four ships of the Texas Navy made headquarters on the
Island and protected the Texas coast from harassment by the
Mexican Navy. These ships prevented supplies and men from
reaching Santa Anna, insuring victory for Sam Houston's army at San
Jacinto, 22 miles northwest of Galveston.
The living room
In 1836, Michel B. Menard, a native of Canada, purchased a "league
and labor" of land for $50,000 from the Austin Colony to establish the
13
The dining room
City of Galveston. The City of Galveston started with an area of seven
square miles. Menard, needed additional money to promote the town
and formed the City of Galveston with nine other men. These men
were Gail Borden, Jr. (publisher of the Telegraph and Texas Register
and inventor of condensed milk); Samuel May Williams (former
secretary to Stephen F. Austin and successful merchant); Thomas F.
McKinney (Williams' mercantile partner and an early cotton trader);
William H. Jack (Texas patriot and distinguished statesman); A.J.
Yates (loan commissioner for the Republic of Texas); John K. Allen (a
founder of Houston); Mosley Baker (lawyer and patriot); James Love
(eminent jurist and successful planter) and David White (an investor
from Mobile, Alabama).
Congress made Galveston a port of entry in 1837 and appointed Gail
Borden as Collector of Customs; the first customs house had been
opened in Galveston in 1825. Several prefabricated houses arrived
from Maine in 1837, one belonging to Augustus Allen, which was sold
to Michel Menard in 1839 and still stands.
The tea cabinet; tea was
so precious that the
cabinet was kept under
lock
The study
The land which is now Galveston was part of the original Austin
Colony, but Menard and his associates bought the site from the
Republic of Texas. Town lots were made available in 1838, and the
city was incorporated in 1839. Galveston's harbor became an active
port with ships from all over the world importing their goods here.
Hotels, such as the Tremont Hotel, were built. Since chartered banks
had not been approved by Congress, financial transactions were
handled by mercantile firms. The Strand was filled with wholesalers,
cotton agents, paint, drug, grocery, hardware and dry goods stores,
and insurance companies. The Strand became the "Wall Street of the
Southwest" for the largest and most important wholesale houses west
of the Mississippi River.
Between 1838 and 1842, 18 newspapers were started. The Galveston
News, founded in 1842, is the only surviving newspaper now
published as The Galveston County Daily News. It is the oldest daily
newspaper in the state.
One of the bedrooms
A bridge to the mainland was finished in 1860. The bridge opened the
opportunity for railroad expansion.
A facility for the ladies
14
The Great Storm of 1900
September 7, 2000 — One hundred years ago on September 8, the
great Galveston, Texas, hurricane roared through the prosperous
island city with winds in excess of 130 miles per hour and a 15-foot
storm surge. When it was over, at least 3,500 homes and buildings
were destroyed and more than 8,000 people were killed.
Statue in memory of the
victims of the 1900 Great
Storm
Shortly after the storm
"That hurricane left the city totally devastated with the deadliest
natural disaster in the history of the United States," said Bill Proenza,
director of NOAA's National Weather Service Southern Region. "The
number of people who lost their lives on that single day represents
more than the combined fatalities resulting from the 325 tropical
storms and hurricanes that have struck the United States since then.
In fact, that single event accounts for one third of all tropical storm or
hurricane-related fatalities that have occurred in this nation since it
was founded," he added.
The Island was totally
devastated and
thousands of people
died
Shortly after the storm
Building the 17’ concrete sea wall and raising the grade of the city by pumping
dredged sand from the sea protected the city from several other hurricanes of
similar if not greater magnitude than the 1900 one. The population accepted the
pumps, bridges, puddles and the construction site for more than six years.
15
Probably Galveston's most celebrated landmark, is the state's only
structure on the list of the nation's 100 outstanding buildings by the
American Institute of Architects. The "Palace" was built as a private
home by Col. Walter Gresham in 1886, and purchased in 1923 for the
bishop of Galveston-Houston Diocese. Showplace furnishings include
a mantel that was first-prize winner at the 1876 Philadelphia World's
Fair, Venetian crystal chandeliers, damask wall coverings from
London, and a grand staircase of rosewood and satinwood.
Conference Papers
Sustainability
• Integrating Environmental and Cultural Sustainability Andrew Powter, Senior Conservation Architect, Heritage
Conservation Directorate, Quebec, Canada
• Structural Materials in Historic Restoration: Making the
Sustainable Choice - Helena Meryman, Robert Silman
Associates, New York, NY
• The Greening of Dana: A Classroom and Laboratory for
Sustainable Design - Maggie McInnis, AIA, Quinn| Evans
Architects, Ann Arbor, MI and Ilene Tyler, FAIA, FAPT, Quinn|
Evans Architects, Ann Arbor, MI
• Green Preservation - Baird Smith, AIA, FAPT, Quinn| Evans
Architects, Washington, DC
• Source, System and Seal - Jean Carroon, AIA, LEED, Goody
Clancy Architects, Boston, MA
• “Greening” Historic Preservation - Carl Elefante, AIA, LEED,
Quinn| Evans Architects, Washington, DC
16
Mitigation of Threats and Catastrophes
• Walking the Tightrope: Pre-Disaster Strategies for HazardProne Historic Resources - Caleb Christopher, URS
Corporation, New York, NY
• Modest Mitigation: Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit for SmallScale Historic Buildings in Mid-America - Joe Bracci, PE,
Professor, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX
• The Best Defense is a Good Hard Bench: Garden Wall “Kit of
Parts” Prototype for Integrating Security Barriers into Historic
Properties. - Caroline Alderson, FAPT, Center for Historic
Buildings, GSA, Washington, DC and Bayard Whitmore, Architect,
Center for Historic Buildings, GSA, Washington, DC
• Building in Reverse at the Dry Tortugas National Park - Paul
Neidinger, Historical Architect, National Park Service, Santa Fe,
NM
• Ornamental Structure or Structural Ornament? Multi- faceted
Approaches to the Investigation and Strengthening of a
Hybrid Form of Hammer Beam Truss - John Matteo, PE, Robert
Silman Associates, Washington, DC, Bryan Blundell, Dell
Corporation, Rockville, MD and Marc Fetterman, AIA, Fetterman
Associates, Washington, DC
• A Phoenix Arising: Recovering From Fire at the Hermitage
Foundation Museum, Norfolk, VA - F. Carey Howlett , Chief
Conservator, F. Carey Howlett & Associates, Norfolk, VA and
Kristin C. Law, Manager of Collections, Hermitage Foundation
Museum, Norfolk, VA
• Condition Assessment of a Historic Masonry Bell Tower
Using Various Stress Wave Non-Destructive Testing Methods
- Yajai Tinkey, PhD, Research Engineer, Olsen Engineering,
Denver, CO and James A. Mason, Senior Project Manager,
MacFarland- Johnson, Binghamton, NY
• Differential Settlement at Saint Philip’s Church at Old Salem David C. Fischetti, PE, DCF Engineering, Cary, NC
• A Mausoleum on Shaky Ground - Carolyn Searls, PE, Simpson
Gumpertz & Heger, San Francisco, CA
• The Monumental and the Trace: Preserving Historic Graffiti
on the Walls of the San Juan Fortifications - Sophie
Middlebrook, Graduate Student, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA
• Embossed Wallcoverings - Elisa Jary, Restoration Associates
Limited, San Antonio, TX
• Testing and Evaluation of Acrylic Emulsion Adhesives for the
Stabilization of the Great Hall Ceiling at Drayton Hall - John
Hinchman, Architectural Conservation Fellow, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA and Frank Matero, Professor of
Architecture, Director, Architectural Conservation Laboratory,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
• Non-Destructive Testing in the Analysis of the Impact of
Climate Control on Paint Film - Lauren Pinney Burge, AIA,
Chambers, Murphy & Burge Restoration Architects, Akron, OH
17
•
•
Mold: The New Asbestos - Anne Weber, RA, Ford Farewell Mills
& Gatsch, Princeton, NJ
Mitigating Catastrophic Mold Damage in Archives After
Disastrous Water Intrusion: Using Dry Gas Chlorine Dioxide
Methods - Pat Weaver- Meyers, PhD, University of Oklahoma
Libraries, Norman, OK
Standards for Preservation
• Preservation Standards of Harvey P. Smith’s Restoration of
Mission San Jose, San Antonio, Texas - Nancy Crowley, MS
Arch program, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX and
Anat Geva, PhD, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX
• Structural Analysis of Obsolete Systems - Donald Friedman,
PE, Consulting Engineer, New York, NY
• Accurate Diagnosis and Repair Design: The Value of Sample
Repairs - Harry J. Hunderman, FAIA, FAPT, Wiss Janney Elstner,
Chicago, IL
• Hiroshima, Japan is More Than One Day in 1945! - Anne
Hoover, Professor/ Landscape Architect, Ball State University,
Muncie, IN
• Preservation of the Monuments of Bhaktapur: A Cultural City
- Krishna G. Prajapati, Architect, Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal
• Something to Keep Me Busy: Developing a Treatment
Protocol for the Ellsworth Rock Garden - Brenda Williams,
ASLA, Quinn| Evans Architects, Ann Arbor, MI and Ruth E. Mills,
MA, MS, Quinn| Evans Architects, Ann Arbor, MIA
• Clearer Perspective on the Evolution of Early American
Mortars - John Lambert, Abstract Masonry Restoration, Salt Lake
City, UT
• Key Considerations in the Development of an ASTM Standard
Specification - Margaret Thomson, PhD, Chemical Lime
Company, Henderson, NV and John Wathne, PE, Structures
North Consulting Engineers, Inc., Salem. MA
• What’s Old is New Again: Ten Years on the Lime Learning
Curve - Travis McDonald, Director of Architectural Restoration,
Poplar Forest, VA
• A Minimal Intervention Approach in Conservation
Engineering - Krystyna Pytasz, Conservation Engineer, Peter
Stephen and Partners, Edinburgh, Scotland, John Addison,
Conservation Engineer, Peter Stephen and Partners, Edinburgh,
Scotland
• Minimalistic Preservation Engineering: Practicing Sustainable
Design and Resource Conservation - Richard Beardmore, A- E
Design Associates, Fort Collins, CO
• Sustainable Allocation of Materials and Resources at Lincoln
Cottage - David C. Overholt, Preservation Projects Director,
Lincoln Cottage, Washington, DC and William Dupont, RA,
Graham Gund Architect, National Trust for Historic Preservation,
Washington, DC
18
•
•
•
County Courthouses: The Many Meanings of Restoration Stanley Graves, AIA, Director, Architecture Division, Texas
Historical Commission, Austin, TX and Sharon Fleming, AIA,
Assistant Director, Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation
Program, Texas Historical Commission, Austin, TX
Visual Splendor, Craftsmanship and Quality Control:
Decorative Arts Conservation and Restoration of the Historic
Atlantic City Convention Hall (NHL, 1929) - Leila Hamroun,
Watson & Henry Associates, Bridgeton, NJ
Let Us Raise the Standard to Which the Wise and the Honest
Can Repair: the Preservation of the Washington Square Arch
- Mark Rabinowitz, Senior Conservator, Conservation Solutions
Inc., Washington, DC and Robin Gerstad, Conservator,
Conservation Solutions Inc., Washington, DC
Technology of Investigation
• Integration of Laser Scanning, Rectified Photography, and
AutoCAD Applications in a Survey at St. Vincent de Paul
Church, Los Angeles - Christopher Gray, MRICS, Chartered
Surveyor, Mollenhauer Group, Los Angeles, CA and Peyton Hall,
AIA, Historic Resources Group, Los Angeles, CA and Simon
Barnes, MRICS, Plowman Craven & Associates, Harpenden,
England
• Wood Assessment and Repair at the Log House Designed by
Gustav Stickley at Craftsman Farms, New Jersey - Annabelle
Radcliffe- Trenner, AIA, RIBA, Historic Buildings Architects,
Trenton, NJ and Edmund Meade, PE, Robert Silman Associates,
New York, NY and Ronald W. Anthony, Wood Scientist, Anthony
& Associates, Fort Collins, CO
• Color Measurement as a Tool for Analysis and Matching of
Historic Materials - Amy Woods, Wiss Janney Elstner, Seattle,
WA
• Bridging the Gap: From Design Inspiration to Adoption
Implementation - Karen Hughes, HHM, Inc., Heritage Resource
Management, Austin, TX and Elizabeth I. Louden, Professor,
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
• High Above Grade for Preservation: The Development and
Use of a Tablet PC- based Field Annotation System (TPAS) Kent Diebolt, Vertical Access LLC, Ithaca, NY
• Who Got it Wrong? Do We Have it Right? Multiple Methods of
Investigation Applied to Find Causes of Masonry Distress in a
Landmark Building - Richard Ortega, PE, AIA, Director of
Preservation, Hillier Architecture, Philadelphia, PA
Opening Reception at the Texas Seaport Museum
Colleagues and friends met for a kick-off reception at the Texas
Seaport Museum. They had the opportunity to come aboard the 1877
tall ship Elissa where guides from the Galveston Historical Foundation
shared the history of this beautiful vessel. They viewed the port
19
activity and saw the workshops used for the ship’s maintenance, the
museum houses records of more than 133,000 immigrants who
entered the United States through the Port of Galveston as well as
historical artifacts relating to the history of the Port of Galveston.
Banquet and Awards Ceremony at the Hotel Galvez
The Ceremony was held in the elegant Music
Room at Hotel Galvez where participants
experienced the taste and sounds from South
of the Border. The Galvez was designed by
the St. Louis architects Mauran and Russell
and was built in 1911. The Spanish Mission
style hotel was built to advertise Galveston’s recovery from the 1900
hurricane. It was renovated by Ford, Powell and Carson in the early
1990s returning the main floor to its historic elegance.
The evening continued with the induction of new members of the APT
College of Fellows and recognition of those Fellows present. The APT
Student Scholarship winners were also introduced. Presidential
citations were presented as well. The event concluded with the
announcement of the winners of the Oliver Torrey Fuller Award, the
Anne de Fort-Menares Award and the Harley J. McKee Award.
Closing Party and Home Tour at the 1861 Custom House
A select number of the many elegant homes in this historic district
were opened to conference participants to visit. The evening
culminated with a party at the 1861 US Custom House, which was the
first non-military federal building to be constructed by the US
Government in Texas. The Custom House also served as a courtroom
and a post office and is now the Headquarters of the Galveston
Historical Foundation who were our host for the evening. The building
is still owned by the US Government. This was a relaxed evening with
delicious food served by Benno’s, an Island institution.
Galveston’s Historic House Museums
This tour visite four of Galveston’s historic house museums. The tour
was led by restoration architects, craftspeople and historians involved
with the rehabilitation of the houses.
1838 Michel B. Menard House
This grand Greek Revival house was built by Galveston’s founder,
French-Canadian fur-trader Michel B. Ménard and is one of the oldest
structures on the island. The Ménard house was rehabilitated in the
1990s.
1839 Samuel May Williams House
Built in 1839 with pre- cut lumber shipped from Maine and bricks that
came as ballast on incoming ships. Architecturally the house is a rare
20
combination of a Creole plantation and a New England sea captain’s
house.
1859 Ashton Villa
Built before the Civil War by James Moreau Brown, one of Texas’
wealthiest businessmen, and presided over by his colorful daughter,
Miss Bettie Brown, Ashton Villa provides an intimate glimpse into the
life of a prominent Victorian family.
1895 Moody Mansion
Designed by William H. Tyndall for the Willis family, the Moody family
purchased the house after The Great Storm of 1900. The Moody
empire was based on cotton and grew to include banking, ranching,
insurance and hotels.
2004 APT Scholarship Winners
1. Disaster Recovery Management for Historic Buildings - Fatima M.
Al- Nammari , Texas A& M University
2. Heritage Conservation of the Vernacular Construction of Mission
San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo in San Antonio - Nancy
Crowley, Texas A& M University
3. Development of a Condition Assessment and Monitoring Plan for
Palazzo Scotti - Brad Dameron, Ball State University
4. Sod Houses of the American Frontier - Patricia Davenport,
Savannah School of Art and Design
5. Early 20th Century Prison Technology - Kara Dotter, University of
Texas at Austin
6. Overview of Damage and Strengthening of Earthquakes to
Unreinforced Masonry - Fatima Mehdizadeh-Saradj, University of
Sheffield
7. Developing Standards for the Application and Installation of
Protective Glazing - on Stained Glass Windows - Tricia Nault,
Eastern Michigan University
8. A Practical & Illustrated Guide to Identifying the Materials,
Components, and Joinery Used in Traditional Wrought Iron Trevor Taylor, Algonquin College
9. George Washington's Tent – Dan Zhou, Texas Tech University
21