Name:
1>(-"\
Life Science^Chra-^ter #3 Notes
Date:
Ms. Pellegrino
The Cell Theory 3-1
1. Cells: TW<:_
bc^^c
^ r\ A -
2 Organelles: S Y ^ U G - V o ^ 3
cf
SVrL,(^er^
CVNcvte wf>
WXCA^
3. Robert Hooke: \Vi.(t ^ cr>-A » vx'A t^ \ K u \ '>\icv: r i
4. AntQA/an Leeuwenhoek: O h ^ c x \ t c\
V\xvc
CvY\
VHtr
(leV\
Cc:.-K/ "V^a c ^ h
\8v.'»rK, V \ v \ < v ^
^^
5. The Cell Theory states:
[a] A l l
twtcu.
\ W ^ ^
C^M v_
)
\^V<dc
J)
f.V
C^\V">.
rtv\A
Structure & Function of Cells 3-2
1. Struciures within a cell function in
3
[d] T r £ or\^ p c r V i f v * ^ ^ c ^ ^
[f] Cict^\«M-v
'^6
c^
[g] XT-ve^ei'x:j\(v v
^-x
c
^c - ^
to^sVe.
n-uA-^uA.
a^mb^r.
Description
Cell Part
_
Function
Organism
/«
»\
Cell Wall
^ S K» A
\>
> o \r\
Cell Membrane CcgVAnS &-,€£>
Vs
m<.Vc \<r\.\ - vs^a^ <Ate*, t ' b c i - h
Cytoplasm
V v 1>
1\ VL i e i
«
4 *
V>c V H
<u.V:\v/Ai<-^ * ( CfcVV
Nucleus
^m< J^ V
^1
c k * 4 k. c a i c v
u c V"V
HVAVCV.',.
Nucleolus
ipV-'j 5 C a \ t i O^W-vr
fee VV4
C h r o m o s o m e ' ^ < \ \ » a MocA<i^s
C_\(. < W
\ u V-> v, V t M
EP,
E n d o p l a s m i c ^ . ^ ^ ^ t vi>Y.3 lt
Reticulum
l -cY^t of ^, ^ ^
^e\AX
-> n ^
\
i>
be \ \ ,
Ribosome
Hcv-^
HCJC'><.
5c v\.
\5 Nlr^Vc
M i t o c h o n d r i o n cw \<^>\<\^
bci-\^
huec\ Vvcti QeustS
Vacuole
KcvcV Cc.cfV r
v-jt-S^e.-x yJcv-Vr" J
/
c^iA c ^ i \ j-w^
\^
Lysosome
^D
HVacvA ^
Chloroplast
c
c
'^ ' - v ^
v
Vet tV
/**
$K" CV\\c« c^)\w\\ - Ci\ (. e ^
- i W K, J V J O U V ^ , " }
\ u,\^^C^V
Name: K
neV
Life Science - Notes
Date:
Mrs. Zeblisky
Cell Specialization/Differentiation
Notes
I. The five basic levels of organization, arranged from smallest to largest are:
(Smallest) C e l \ S
0<~^ c v n f ?
(Largest)
Oraoon>\S'ooS
II. C e , \ \ s
- Basic units of structure and function in living things.
III. " T l ' ^ u e ^
- Cells that are similar in structure and function are usually
joined together to form tissues. Tissues perform one or more specialized
functions in an organism.
Example - Bone cells form hone tissue, blood cells are part of blood tissue (a
liquid tissue), epidermis of plants covering the leaves and stems.
VI. OcQaonS
- Tissues are organized into organs, which are groups of
different tissues that work together.
Example - Heart, which is made up of muscle tissue, blood tissue, and nerve
tissue. Plant organs include roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.
V. Oroooo SY<A-^A5~) - A group of organs that work together to perform a
specific function for the organism. The organs that make up an organ system
may vary.
Example - Skeletal system, Nervous system
VI. OoacvWvsm
- An entire Living thing that carries out all the basic life
functions. Only multicellualar organisms have cell specialization.
Example - Humans, Trees, Fish,
Are m u s c l e and n e r v e cells t h e s a m e ?
NO
Each has a specific task: f"(o<Sc_-*d
QeAJS
fJoc-g^
Q^^^n^ci
-Vo
Their specific task will require them to have different:
Why do c e l l s s p e c i a l i z e ?
l.~To
AvvTcW
-VccsV^s
Ex: Someone who plays 15 different sports will not be as good as someone who
professionally plays one.
H o w do c e l l s s p e c i a l i z e ?
1. All living things have 1 > M A which determines their (^WxracAtLc <rs\ vX^S
2. All CeU^ 3 in an organism have the same
3. Specialized C * L U
like O e r v - e , and Mu^bcA^
parts of the ^ K A4. Each specialized
^iKCicrV
type expresses a -VtS5>^-^-
which are unique to that particular
u
cells use different
they have.
C^i\\
€-NA€ S
DNA.
S p€CCW"C>
Name:
Date:
Ms. Pellegrino
Life Science - Cell Division Notes
CELL GROWTH & CELL DIVISION
T
MITOSIS
\o
Cell Division - "Parent Cell"
Daughter Cell Identical to
Parent Cell,
just smaller
Daughter Cell
Identical to
Parent Cell,
just smaller
Cell division occurs in a series of stages or Phases:
Phase # 1 : Interphase - Chromosomes are copied
CerrV<-\o\e"S
^
-/vl^deus
<LV,\<~drc\CK
\\<r\\
Phase #2: Prophase - Mitosis Begins
+Chromatin shorten form chromosome that have two identical chromatids attached at the
centromere.
+Centrioles begin to move to op Dosite ends.
+Spindle begins to form
+Near end, nuclear membrane begins to break down and nucleolus disappears.
C e r A v-QrYv-ere
Et n \ tv>r^e t<\e f\ 4-
Q,
^\^c^e.
O
c __„„i
Phase #3: Metaphase - Chromosomes attach to the spindle.
p\nA\
C X M C - N ©W s
\ ro m €yZovo.<st%
Phase #4: Anaphase - Chromosomes begin to separate and move to opposite centrioles.
•SpM^d\-^~
Phase #5: Telophase - Two new nuclei form. **END OF MITOSIS*
+Chromosome begins to uncoil.
+Nuclear membrane begins to form.
+Nucleolus reappears.
^c3>e.cx<-~ r a e r < \ ^ r?xv\<2.
/
' 3 r \ ^e.<>\r\s To Q.rfr%
Phase #6: Cytokinesis - Two daughter cells form.
+Membrane around cell begins to move inward until cytoplasm is pinched into 2 equal parts.
Cells