Unit 3 FRQs
2009 - Question 1: Religion clusters in the United States
2007 - Question 2: Extinct and Revived Languages
2003 - Question 2: Effects of tourism on the Cultural Landscape
2002 - Question 3: Effect of Religion on the Cultural Landscape
Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture Multiple Choice
1) The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it
becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a
A) custom.
B) popular culture.
C) habit.
D) taboo.
E) character trait.
2) A repetitive act performed by an individual is a
A) custom.
B) popular culture.
C) habit.
D) taboo.
E) character trait.
3) Jeans provide a good example of material culture that is
adopted by a number of different societies. They are also
an example of
A) punk culture.
B) popular culture.
C) folk culture.
D) white-collar culture.
4) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely
to vary
A) from place to place at a given time.
B) from time to time at a given place.
C) both from place to place and from time to time, in equal
measure.
D) neither from place to place nor from time to time.
E) only in more developed countries.
5) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of
large and
A) homogeneous groups.
B) heterogeneous groups.
C) groups living in isolated rural areas.
D) groups that have little interaction with other groups.
E) groups of specialists.
6) Judging from the discussions of other clothing in this
chapter, we could say that hoodies are an example of
________ adopted by a number of different groups
segmented by age, class, ethnicity, and other factors.
Hoodies are a versatile element of popular culture.
A) punk culture
B) material culture
C) folk culture
D) immaterial culture
E) youth culture
7) By analyzing the distribution of folk culture in our
surroundings, we can surmise that
A) folk culture would not exist without small scale and
local migration.
B) folk culture does not diffuse through relocation
diffusion.
C) several elements of folk culture may have multiple,
unknown origins.
D) folk culture can only be transmitted orally across time
and location.
E) several elements of folk culture tend to replace elements
of popular culture.
8) Typically, popular culture
A) originates in a number of locations at the same time.
B) reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical
environment.
C) experiences frequent changes through time and space.
D) is practiced by small homogeneous groups.
E) is practiced by small heterogeneous groups that become
large homogeneous groups.
9) Folk cultures are spread primarily by
A) contagious diffusion.
B) hierarchical diffusion.
C) relocation diffusion.
D) stimulus diffusion.
E) epidemic diffusion.
10) Before reaching other parts of ________ and,
eventually, marginalized urban areas throughout the
country, Hip hop music originated in the late 1970s in the
South Bronx.
A) Chicago
B) Boston
C) Baltimore
D) New York City
E) Philadelphia
11) In recent decades, popular customs have most
frequently originated in
A) more developed countries.
B) less developed countries.
C) formerly communist countries.
D) countries with large rural populations.
E) Latin America and Africa.
12) One significant impact of popular culture is to
A) create a more varied and less uniform landscape.
B) promote the diffusion of folk culture.
C) modify the physical environment.
D) spread through relocation diffusion.
E) diffuse at the expense of globalization.
13) Based on what you have read about globalization, you
could surmise that the main effect of modern
communications on social customs has been to
A) preserve folk cultures, by increasing awareness of their
uniqueness.
B) stimulate the diffusion of folk cultures around the
world.
C) increase the similarity of social customs in different
locations.
D) have little effect on the diffusion of social customs.
E) slow the rate of change.
14) As components of group identity and cultural learning,
folk customs usually originate from
A) the "discovery" of leisure time.
B) the application of industrial technology.
C) familiar events in daily life.
D) a traumatic event unique to the history of a particular
social group.
E) global communications, such as television and the
Internet.
15) When we analyze the patterns of popular culture in our
surroundings, we can surmise that
A) all culture is transmitted from one location to another
through small scale and local migration.
B) popular culture diffuses through relocation diffusion.
C) nodes of innovation are central to the process of
hierarchical diffusion.
D) unlike folk culture, popular culture is usually
transmitted orally across time and location.
E) it is impossible for us to make scientific observations
about the diffusion of popular culture.
16) We can deduce from the examples of popular music,
fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us
that the rapid diffusion of popular culture
A) discourages people in different places to adopt different
customs.
B) depends on modern communication systems.
C) is an example of relocation diffusion.
D) conserves natural resources.
E) always occurs at the expense of folk culture.
17) The distribution of the subjects of art in the Himalayas
shows how folk cultures
A) always include paintings of religious subjects.
B) are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and
religion.
C) avoid painting animate objects.
D) typically paint scenes of nature but not people.
E) abandon customary forms as they engage in migration.
18) Which concept is the contemporary geographer likely
to reject?
A) Local resources make some cultural choices more
likely than others.
B) People in similar environments adopt different social
customs.
C) People are influenced by their physical environment.
D) People in different environments adopt similar social
customs.
E) The physical environment causes people to adopt social
customs.
19) The global diffusion of popular culture may threaten
folk culture by
A) being less responsive to the diversity of local
environments.
B) threatening local environments through the diffusion of
information by technology.
C) serving as a catalyst for the advancement of folk
culture.
D) being more responsive to the diversity of local
environments.
20) Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to
A) tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural
disasters.
B) be considered examples of culture.
C) feature instruments and styles of performance
associated with dance clubs.
D) be transmitted in written form.
E) be written by specialists for commercial distribution.
21) An example of a folk custom used to diffuse
information about agriculture is
A) Armed Forces Radio.
B) Association Football.
C) Himalayan hip hop.
D) Vietnamese songs.
E) a cartoon about talking animals in Madagascar.
22) Hip hop music demonstrates an interplay between
globalization and local diversity because
A) it is a form of folk culture responsible for the
globalization of modern music.
B) it is a part of popular culture which threatens to
overwhelm local folk cultures.
C) artists may be widely popular yet still make local
references in their song lyrics.
D) some lyrics can't be transmitted over the radio and
television.
E) hip hop music is played in many Islamic countries.
23) Like hip hop music, music from the border region
between the southwestern United States and northern
Mexico might be expected to
A) reflect almost exclusively on themes of drug culture
and violence.
B) be an aspect of popular culture which threatens to
overwhelm local folk cultures.
C) incorporate local, national, and global themes as it
demonstrates an interplay between globalization and
localism.
D) feature potentially offensive lyrics in order to guarantee
its widespread transmission via radio and television.
E) have diffused originally from one district of a large city.
24) The spatial distribution of soccer during the twentieth
century is an example of
A) folk culture.
B) habit.
C) popular culture.
D) taboo.
E) relocation diffusion.
25) We can surmise from the discussion of other sports in
this chapter that the current distribution of bowling is
another example of
A) a folk custom becoming part of a popular culture.
B) nearly all sports being examples of folk culture resisting
the globalizing influences of popular culture.
C) television infusing all sports into popular culture.
D) a folk culture arising out of a folk custom.
E) sport being more important in less developed countries.
26) Cultural diversity is promoted by
A) the relative isolation of a group from others.
B) globalization.
C) the rapid movement of goods and services across
borders.
D) expansion diffusion.
E) the connections between homogeneous groups.
27) The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of
the
A) diffusion of popular culture.
B) adoption of unique folk culture.
C) impact of high income on clothing habits.
D) opposition to globalization.
E) increasing incidence of synthetic textiles replacing
natural fibers.
32) A taboo against pork is a characteristic of
A) Judaism and Islam.
B) Judaism and Buddhism.
C) Christianity and Buddhism.
D) Christianity and Hinduism.
E) Islam and Hinduism.
33) Which aspect of the local environment is the least
important for wine production?
A) climate
B) soil types
C) topography
D) proximity to lakes or a river
E) proximity to cities
34) Little wine is produced in Asia primarily because
A) grapes do not grow in these regions.
B) wines can be imported more cheaply.
C) religious taboos discourage consumption.
D) the people do not have a tradition of wine making.
E) soil contaminants produce bad grapes.
28) A particular preference for a new clothing style is
more likely than a folk custom to
A) evolve rapidly owing to the isolation of different
groups.
B) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and
transportation.
C) reflect the unique characteristics of the physical
landscape.
D) have an unknown source of origin.
E) resist the influences of multinational corporations.
35) The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food
supply as
A) the weakest available example of a folk custom.
B) the folk custom least closely tied to a particular climate.
C) more subject to modification than weapons.
D) less subject to modification than clothing and weapons.
E) a limited resource that would not keep up with
population growth.
29) The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly
influenced by
A) occupation but not level of income.
B) level of income but not occupation.
C) knowledge of fashion elsewhere, as well as the level of
folk culture.
D) occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion
elsewhere.
E) fashion only.
36) China produces a relatively large amount of pork
compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily
because
A) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.
B) China's physical environment is less suitable to raising
pigs.
C) China has more people than the countries of Southwest
Asia.
D) rice is the main cereal grain grown in China.
E) southwestern Asia does not have enough water for pig
farming.
30) Terroir refers to
A) a group's sense of place.
B) a group's food taboos.
C) the relationship between the physical environment and
culture.
D) an act of violence that may have been, in part, a
reaction against globalization.
E) the sum of the effects of the local environment on a
food item.
31) A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is
a
A) folk culture.
B) habit.
C) popular culture.
D) taboo.
E) tariff.
37) Americans' preferences for beverages and snacks
A) vary according to what is produced locally.
B) do not vary from one region of the country to another.
C) do not vary according to religious differences.
D) are primarily dependent on income differences.
E) All of these answers are correct.
38) In which state would alcohol consumption be
relatively low?
A) Kentucky
B) Nevada
C) New York
D) Utah
E) California
39) The distribution of alcohol consumption in the United
States displays which characteristic of popular culture?
A) rapid diffusion
B) the lack of a correlation to level of income
C) barriers owing to the physical environment
D) local tastes in beer vary too much for national brands to
compete effectively
E) uniform distribution across the landscape
40) The ________ is an important source area for U.S. folk
house types.
A) Lower Chesapeake
B) Southern Atlantic
C) Northeast
D) Upper New York highland
E) Southwest
41) The most important house style in the United States
since the 1960s is known as
A) neo-traditional.
B) contemporary.
C) split-level.
D) neo-eclectic.
E) sandbox.
42) Examining elements of folk and popular culture like
house styles is particularly well suited to the geographic
method of
A) GIS.
B) census.
C) field work.
D) statistics.
E) cartography.
43) Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the
American West often built houses of sod, while early
settlers of the eastern forest built wooden structures like
log cabins. This suggests that building materials
A) are strongly influenced by local resources.
B) are commonly imported over long distances because of
local folk culture.
C) are chosen because of the diffusion of popular culture.
D) are a uniform feature of folk culture.
E) are elements of popular culture.
44) Today, house types in the United States are
distinguished by all but which of the following?
A) They can still be divided into three distinct regions.
B) They display few regional distinctions.
C) They are usually mass-produced.
D) Alternative styles have diffused throughout the country.
E) They demonstrate how popular customs vary more in
time than in place.
45) Diffusion of Internet service is following the earlier
pattern of television, except that
A) the United States' share of world use is expanding.
B) diffusion is much faster.
C) diffusion is much slower.
D) the expansion of service is faster in Africa than Asia.
E) the initial use was in less developed countries.
46) The trend of globalization has threatened
A) popular culture and folk culture relatively equally.
B) the folk customs of only a few isolated communities.
C) the spread of the international banking system.
D) folk culture more than popular culture.
E) folk culture, but only in the largest cities on each
continent.
47) Given recent trends in communications, in the next
five years the number of television programs viewed over
the Internet might be expected to
A) remain about the same.
B) decrease slowly as the number of broadcast television
stations increases.
C) decrease slowly as cable and satellite television services
offer more channels.
D) decrease dramatically.
E) increase dramatically.
48) The use of a horse and buggy by the Amish in the
United States is an example of one element of
A) folk culture.
B) habit.
C) popular culture.
D) taboo.
E) technological innovation.
49) Some features of U.S. material culture such as gas
stations, supermarkets, and motels
A) promote a uniform landscape.
B) reflect the preservation of folk culture.
C) provide diversity on the U.S. landscape.
D) promote diffusion of folk culture.
E) show high regional variation.
50) Marriage dowries in India reflect
A) that some families value male children more.
B) a traditional folk custom.
C) a popular fad.
D) the value of women as mothers and wives.
E) that most families value female children more.
51) Many less developed countries fear the loss of folk
culture because
A) they do not want to preserve traditional values.
B) Western perspectives may become more dominant.
C) popular culture devalues women.
D) they want to avoid political disputes.
E) Western clothing styles are less comfortable.
52) People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity
with popular culture primarily because of
A) the high cost of popular customs.
B) a concern for the physical environment.
C) a strong desire to preserve unique customs.
D) a lack of exposure to the media.
E) a fear of foreign influence.
53) Popular culture and folk culture can both result in a
higher level of
A) extinction of animal species.
B) demand for raw materials.
C) consumption of animal products.
D) environmental degradation.
E) All of these answers are correct.
B) increased diversity and decreased demand.
C) depletion of scarce resources and pollution.
D) diversity of products and depletion of change.
E) using renewable materials and recycled designs.
57) One impact of large-scale consumption of chicken in
more developed countries is to
A) cause chickens to become an endangered species.
B) make inefficient use of the world's grain supplies.
C) diffuse agricultural products into the physical
environment.
D) encourage the development of a new food taboo.
E) displace pork producers.
54) Which of the following characteristics is more typical
of popular culture than folk culture?
A) It has an anonymous origin.
B) It diffuses slowly from its point of origin.
C) It results in a more uniform cultural landscape.
D) It is likely to be derived from physical conditions.
E) Communication is more limited.
58) Which of the following statements reflects the
environmental impact of culture?
A) Folk culture never causes environmental impacts while
popular culture does.
B) Solid waste is the least visible of wastes generated from
culture.
C) Popular culture may cause a rapid increase in demand
for certain natural resources.
D) Environments are not affected by the level of pollution
generated by human activity.
E) Folk culture does not affect the environment but
popular culture does.
55) As they have more contact with popular culture,
women in less developed countries are more likely to
A) bear more children.
B) obtain food for the family.
C) gain more opportunities outside the home.
D) reduce the practice of prostitution.
E) be subservient to men.
56) Diffusion of popular customs can adversely impact
environmental quality in two ways:
A) reducing demand for foreign products and promoting
local crafts.
Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
A
C
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
A
C
C
C
C
B
B
E
A
A
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
D
C
C
C
A
A
A
B
D
E
D
A
E
D
D
A
A
D
A
A
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
D
C
A
A
B
D
E
A
A
A
B
C
E
C
C
C
B
C
Chapter 5 Languages
1) A lingua franca is
A) an English word that has entered the French language.
B) a language understood by people who have different
native languages.
C) an extinct language that has been revived.
D) an official language in a region of the world different
from where the language originated.
E) a language used by French colonial administrations.
E) political conflicts that arise due to ethnic tensions.
2) The main difference between languages in the same
family, branch, or group is how
A) recently in time the languages were once the same.
B) closely the speakers of each language live to one other.
C) they correspond to the diffusion of free markets across
much of the world.
D) similar the cultures of the speakers of each language
are.
E) they all emerged at the same point in history, according
to the Bible.
9) When languages are depicted as leaves on trees, the
trunks of the trees represent
A) dialects.
B) language groups.
C) language families.
D) possible prehistoric superfamilies.
E) language sects.
3) A group of languages that share a common origin but
have since evolved into individual languages is a
A) dialect.
B) language branch.
C) language family.
D) language group.
E) language root.
4) A group of languages that share a common ancestor
before recorded history is a
A) dialect.
B) language branch.
C) language family.
D) language group.
E) language root.
5) Basque is a good example of a(n)
A) language family.
B) globalizing language.
C) language group.
D) lingua franca.
E) isolated language.
6) Franglais is
A) the lingua franca of France.
B) a dialect of French.
C) the standard language of French.
D) the use of English in the French language.
E) a language used by French colonial administrations.
7) The geographic study of the distribution of languages
provides a good example of
A) the interplay between globalization and local diversity.
B) the diffusion of folk culture in different areas of the
world.
C) the role and spread of religion across much of the
world.
D) the diffusion of free markets across much of the world.
8) The two largest language families in the world are
A) Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic.
B) Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European.
C) Afro-Asiatic and Sino-Tibetan.
D) Balto-Slavic and Sino-Tibetan.
E) Altaic and Nilo-Saharan.
10) The language family encompassing the languages of
the People's Republic of China is
A) Indo-European.
B) Indo-Iranian.
C) Mandarin.
D) Sino-Tibetan.
E) Austro-Asiatic.
11) The charts or diagrams in this chapter indicate that the
percentage of Altaic language speakers in the world is
greater than the percentage speaking ________ languages.
A) Sino-Tibetan
B) Austro-Asiatic
C) Indo-European
D) Niger Congo
E) Austronesian
12) The charts or diagrams in this chapter indicate that the
percentage of Austronesian language speakers in the world
is greater than the percentage speaking ________
languages.
A) Sino-Tibetan
B) Dravidian
C) Indo-European
D) Niger-Congo
E) Afro-Asiatic
13) The diagrams in this chapter show that the percentage
of Sino-Tibetan speakers in the world is less than the
percentage speaking ________ languages.
A) Austronesian
B) Indo-European
C) Dravidian
D) Altaic
E) Niger-Congo
14) Both the Angles and the Normans contributed to the
development of the English language, because they
A) spoke ancient English languages.
B) invaded England.
C) spoke languages derived from Latin.
D) diffused English around the world.
E) agreed to divide Ireland from England.
15) The first speakers of the language that evolved into
English were tribes that lived in present-day
A) France.
B) Denmark.
C) United States.
D) Italy.
E) Switzerland.
16) Dialects developed within England primarily because
A) different Germanic invaders settled in different regions.
B) the Normans invaded from the south.
C) the Viking invaders did not remain long in England.
D) British Received Pronunciation became the standard
dialect.
E) commerce developed more slowly in England than on
the European continent.
17) Which of the following is not a Romance language?
A) Bulgarian
B) Italian
C) Portuguese
D) Romanian
E) French
18) The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout
the Roman Empire was known as
A) Official Latin.
B) Romance language.
C) standard language.
D) Vulgar Latin.
E) Catalan Latin.
19) The most widely spoken language in Brazil is
A) Creole.
B) French.
C) Portuguese.
D) Spanish.
E) Catalan.
20) The most widely spoken language in Argentina is
A) Creole.
B) French.
C) Spanish.
D) Portuguese.
E) Catalan.
21) The four most frequently spoken branches of IndoEuropean include all but
A) Balto-Slavic.
B) Celtic.
C) Indo-Iranian.
D) Romance.
E) Germanic.
22) The two most important languages in South America
are
A) Dutch and English.
B) English and Spanish.
C) French and Spanish.
D) Portuguese and Spanish.
E) Creole and Portuguese.
23) Russian is part of what language branch?
A) Balto-Slavic
B) Germanic
C) Indo-Iranian
D) Romance
E) Altaic
24) The Kurgans
A) conquered much of East Asia several thousand years
ago.
B) were a Germanic tribe that invaded England.
C) were herders from the steppes of Central Asia.
D) preserved Basque in present-day Spain.
E) were the earliest speakers of Sino-Caucasian, which
they diffused through conquest.
25) According to Colin Renfrew's research, Indo-European
languages diffused across Europe
A) entirely by sea.
B) by way of the Kurgan homeland.
C) with the conquests of warriors on horseback.
D) with the diffusion of agriculture.
E) following the traders on the silk road.
26) Colin Renfrew's research constitutes much of the
________ Hypothesis.
A) Nomadic Herder
B) Kurgan Farmer
C) Nomadic Warrior
D) Sedentary Farmer
E) Silk Road Trader
27) English is part of which language branch?
A) Germanic
B) Northern
C) Western
D) Indo-European
E) Austronesian
28) English is part of which language family?
A) Germanic
B) North Germanic
C) West Germanic
D) Indo-European
E) Romance
29) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter,
the Germanic invaders of England included which groups
or tribes?
A) Germans, Normans, and Danes
B) Brittans, Normans, and Welsh
C) Irish, Welsh, and English
D) Scots, Irish, and Welsh
E) Angles, Jutes, and Saxons
30) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter,
England was invaded by tribes from
A) English-speaking areas
B) Uric-speaking areas
C) Native American-speaking areas
D) Italian-speaking areas
E) Germanic-speaking areas
31) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter,
the branch of Indo-European that includes Romanian is
A) European.
B) Romance.
C) Indo-Iranian.
D) Balto-Slavic.
E) Germanic.
32) Analysis of the maps and diagrams in this chapter
shows that the branch of Indo-European that includes
Kurdish is
A) European.
B) Indo-Iranian.
C) Romance.
D) Balto-Slavic.
E) Germanic.
33) A literary tradition is
A) a form of a language intended to be printed in official
government documents.
B) a language spoken in an area.
C) a collection of languages related to one other.
D) the written form of a language.
E) the variety of dialects in a language used in obscure
examples of poetry.
34) An isogloss is
A) a form of a language spoken in a local area.
B) a collection of unique words.
C) a boundary between language regions.
D) a blending of two language families.
E) a line that separates literary traditions.
35) The second-largest language family is
A) Indo-European.
B) Sino-Tibetan.
C) Afro-Asiatic.
D) Austronesian.
E) Dravidian.
C) Nomadic Warrior
D) Sedentary Farmer
E) Sedentary Farmer-Warrior
38) The most important language family in Sub-Saharan
Africa is
A) Khoisan.
B) Niger-Congo.
C) Nilo-Saharan.
D) Afro-Asiatic.
E) Altaic.
39) The survival of any language relies on
A) rapid migration into other areas.
B) the efficient "corrections" of the global free market.
C) the political and military strength of its speakers.
D) the spread of its speakers' material culture.
E) the homogenization of its dialects.
40) In the following answer choices, the best example of a
literary tradition is
A) the diffusion of television and radio broadcasts.
B) the religious rituals and traditions of ancient European
civilizations.
C) the oral traditions of Australia's Aborigines that were
passed down from generation to generation without the aid
of writing.
D) the historical documents and religious texts of the
ancient Maya that were partly destroyed by Spanish
conquerors.
E) the variety of dialects in a language used in obscure
examples of spoken poetry.
41) British and American English differ in all but which of
the following?
A) alphabet
B) pronunciation
C) spelling
D) vocabulary
E) prevalent dialects
42) Gumbo and jazz are terms that originated in the
English dialects of
A) New Englanders.
B) African Americans.
C) Jewish immigrants to the United States.
D) Irish Americans.
E) French Americans.
36) Marija Gimbutas' theory points to the first speakers of
the Indo-European language as the ancient
A) Celts.
B) Germans.
C) Kurgans.
D) Russians.
E) Dravidians.
43) A form of a language spoken in a local area is a
A) dialect.
B) branch.
C) family.
D) group.
E) root.
37) Marija Gimbutas has contributed to the ________
Hypothesis.
A) Sedentary Archer
B) Nomadic Fisher
44) When people who speak a given language migrate to a
different location and become isolated from other members
of their group
A) their language usually shows very little change even
over a long period of time, despite the appearance of a
small number of changes typical of different dialects.
B) they immediately develop a literary tradition.
C) isolation usually results in the differentiation of one
language into dialects, followed eventually by two distinct
languages.
D) they lose their linguistic abilities.
E) groups form multiple dialects.
45) A pidgin language
A) has no native speakers.
B) is spread by folk culture.
C) stems from invasion.
D) cannot exist for more than a generation.
E) cannot exist without globalization.
46) A language that was nearly extinct in Britishcontrolled areas but which is now being revived is
A) Slavic.
B) Celtic.
C) Iranian.
D) English.
E) Pictish.
47) The Icelandic language has changed less than any
other Germanic language because of
A) Iceland's close contact with other people and activities.
B) migration by German tribes.
C) Iceland's relative isolation from other places.
D) the extinction of the East Germanic group.
E) continuous exchange with Norway and Sweden.
48) The language spoken by the greatest number of native
speakers in the world is
A) Cantonese.
B) English.
C) Hindi.
D) Mandarin.
E) Spanish.
49) Chinese is traditionally written in the form of
A) a literary tradition.
B) a Latin alphabet.
C) ideograms.
D) Cantonese.
E) phonemes.
50) The large number of individual languages documented
in Africa has resulted primarily from
A) thousands of years of isolation between cultural groups.
B) repeated invasions by outsiders.
C) introduction of many different languages by the
colonial powers.
D) frequent migration by the different tribal groups.
E) colonial administration of native lands.
51) Hebrew is an example of
A) an isolated language.
B) an extinct language.
C) a revived language.
D) a language family.
E) an Altaic language.
52) The Flemings and Walloons live in
A) Belgium.
B) France.
C) South Africa.
D) Switzerland.
E) Liechtenstein.
53) Official languages in Switzerland include all but which
of the following?
A) Italian
B) Flemish
C) Romansh
D) French
E) German
54) Basque is spoken primarily in
A) Brittany.
B) the Swiss Alps.
C) the Pyrenees Mountains.
D) Barcelona, Spain.
E) Liechtenstein.
55) ________ is to Canada as ________ is to the United
States.
A) French; Spanish
B) English; French
C) French; English
D) Conflict over ethnicity; conflict over language
E) Alaska; Greenland
56) Spanish is an important language in the United States
primarily because of
A) the diffusion of Spanish colonies and subsequent
migration patterns.
B) the Mexican conquest of the U.S. Southwest in the
1800s.
C) the global dominance of the United States.
D) the diffusion of Mexican colonies into the northern
territories.
E) official U.S. policies proclaiming Spanish a national
language, along with English.
57) All of the following describe the English language
except
A) It is a lingua franca.
B) Its recent growth is due to expansion diffusion.
C) It is an Indo-European language.
D) It has diffused along with economic globalization.
E) It is an isogloss.
58) The English language is a "second" or "third" language
in many regions where it is used as a(n)
A) colonial dialect.
B) expansion diffusion.
C) Indo-European import.
D) global lingua.
E) lingua franca.
62) English has achieved unprecedented acceptance
globally due to
A) the refusal to use English in colonial and imperial
expansion.
B) the diffusion of command economies across much of
the world.
C) its role as the common language of a global economy
and culture.
D) the rise of folk culture and the decline of popular
culture.
E) the diffusion of religion from LDCs to MDCs.
59) English is the most important language in North
America primarily because of
A) the diffusion of English colonies.
B) the Norman conquest.
C) the global dominance of the United States.
D) official government policy.
E) prohibitions against foreign languages.
60) The most widely spoken Indo-European language is
A) English.
B) Hindi.
C) Spanish.
D) Bengali.
E) Indo-European.
63) In the 1700s, 1800s, and afterward, English diffusion
has been strongly related to colonialism and imperialism in
many parts of the world because
A) conquered populations refused to use English while
colonial and imperial expansion was underway.
B) as imperial Russia and China expanded they used
English as a lingua franca in Asia.
C) conquered peoples wishing to participate in the new
government and the increasingly global economy felt
pressured to learn English.
D) people in conquered countries knew that in the distant
future, English would become the main language
associated with exports of popular culture, such as Disney
cartoons and Hollywood movies.
E) religious missionaries from every European country
used English-language translations of the Bible.
61) Which statement best describes the use of English on
the Internet?
A) English has become less dominant but is still the
leading Internet language.
B) Different Internets exist for most other widely spoken
languages, like Chinese, Japanese, and Russian.
C) The number of English-speaking Internet users remains
above 50 percent.
D) English has become more dominant as the most
common language on the Internet.
E) No one seems to be able to spell English correctly
anymore.
Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
B
A
B
C
E
D
A
B
C
D
B
B
B
B
B
A
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
A
D
C
C
B
D
A
C
D
D
A
D
E
E
B
B
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
D
C
B
C
C
B
C
D
A
B
A
C
A
B
C
D
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
C
A
C
A
B
C
A
A
E
E
A
A
A
C
C
Chapter 6 - Religions
1) With respect to the relationship between culture,
religion, and the physical environment,
A) few religions derive meaningful events from the
physical environment.
B) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the
changes people make in the physical environment.
C) religion is no longer an important source of
identification for a distinct cultural group.
D) all religions appeal primarily to people living in their
land of origin.
E) religious ideas nearly all arise from changes in the
physical environment.
2) Religion is a good example of the tension between
globalization and local diversity because
A) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate
to a new area.
B) religion always represents the most traditional
worldviews of a population.
C) many people follow more than one religion.
D) all religions are in competition to convert as many
people as possible.
E) religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that
may conflict with others.
3) Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize
Buddha's
A) life of self-help.
B) compassion.
C) renouncing of worldly goods.
D) wisdom.
E) practice of meditation.
4) Animists believe that
A) people should complete God's creation of the Earth.
B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.
C) people should make complete use of the Earth's
resources.
D) natural disasters are preventable.
E) enlightenment can be achieved by all people.
5) Especially important in Confucianism is to
A) perform public service.
B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.
C) respect forces of nature as divine.
D) believe in one all-powerful God.
E) read the holy texts daily.
6) Especially important in Daoism is to
A) perform public service.
B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.
C) respect forces of nature as divine.
D) believe in one all-powerful God.
E) read the holy texts daily.
7) The belief in the existence of only one god is
A) animism.
B) cosmogony.
C) monotheism.
D) polytheism.
E) pagan.
8) Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are
A) animism.
B) cosmogony.
C) monotheism.
D) astronomy.
E) polytheism.
9) When geographers study the sites where religions
originated as well as the processes by which those
religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on
the
A) spatial connections in religion.
B) geo-religious linkages of culture.
C) role of history in the social sciences.
D) lack of spatial connections in religion.
E) loss of historical processes in the formations of
religions.
10) A geographer researching the practices of Tibetan
Buddhists as well as the world travels of the Dalai Lama is
studying
A) spatial connections in religion.
B) theological connections in religion.
C) monetary connections in religion.
D) connections between Christianity and Buddhism.
E) connections between ethnic and universalizing
religions.
11) A person attempting to detect ________ within forests
and streams would likely be an animist.
A) physical markings
B) voices or personalities
C) inspiration for beautiful art
D) evidence of past missionary activities
E) inspiration for religious texts
12) The world's largest ethnic religion is
A) Confucianism.
B) Daoism.
C) Hinduism.
D) Shintoism.
E) Islam.
13) Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin
America from North America?
A) having a Roman Catholic majority
B) having a Protestant majority
C) location relative to the Equator
D) Ethnic religions make up the majority in one but not the
other.
E) Latin America has more Protestants, Jews, and
Muslims.
14) Given Daoism's classification as either a universalizing
or an ethnic religion, which of the following would you be
more likely to categorize as pertaining to Daoism?
A) Most shrines are located in major cities and towns
around the world.
B) Most of the religious texts concern the stories and
letters of missionaries who traveled to different countries.
C) Most shrines are located at major physical features or
sites of longstanding cultural significance.
D) Most of the religious texts are directly related to
warfare.
E) People of numerous ethnic groups attend the great
majority of religious services.
15) The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise
that a person from northern Germany is more likely to be
an adherent of
A) Protestantism.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Judaism.
D) Eastern Orthodoxy.
E) a fundamentalist Christian sect.
16) The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern
Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in
A) Russia.
B) Italy.
C) Spain.
D) Russia and Spain but not Greece.
E) Greece and Germany but not Russia.
17) A review of the world maps in this chapter indicates
that in South America,
A) nearly all of the people are Catholic.
B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.
C) nearly all of the people are Protestant.
D) the population is almost equally divided between
Catholics and Protestants.
E) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant, onefourth Catholic, and the remainder practice traditional
religions.
18) A review of the maps in this chapter indicates that in
northeastern Canada,
A) nearly all of the people are Catholic.
B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.
C) nearly all of the people are Protestant.
D) the population is almost equally divided between
Catholics and Protestants.
E) about three-fourths of the people are Protestant and onefourth are Catholic.
19) The maps in this chapter indicate that in Sub-Saharan
Africa,
A) about half of the people are Protestant.
B) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant.
C) about half of the people are Catholic.
D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.
E) about one-fourth of the people are Orthodox Christian.
20) When analyzing the maps in this chapter, we can infer
that in France,
A) most of the people are Protestant.
B) most of the people are Catholic.
C) about half of the people are Catholic and half are
Protestant.
D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.
E) the vast majority of the people are nonreligious.
21) Analysis of the charts in this chapter indicates that in
the world population,
A) more than half of the people are nonreligious.
B) less than one-fifth of the people are non-religious.
C) more than half of the people are Christian.
D) about half of the people are Muslim.
E) about two-thirds of the people are Christian.
22) The charts in this chapter indicate that in the world
population,
A) about half of the people are nonreligious.
B) there are more Muslims than Hindus.
C) there are more Catholics than Muslims.
D) there are more Muslims than Christians.
E) there are more Buddhists than Hindus.
23) A relatively small group that has broken away from an
established church is a
A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) sect.
D) dialect.
E) family.
24) The world's largest universalizing religion is
A) Buddhism.
B) Christianity.
C) Hinduism.
D) Islam.
E) Shintoism.
25) Which is a branch of Christianity?
A) Druze
B) Eastern Orthodox
C) Shiite
D) Theravadist
E) Judaism
26) Almost 90 percent of people in the Western
Hemisphere claim adherence to
A) Christianity.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Protestantism.
D) Eastern Orthodoxy.
E) fundamentalist and nondenominational Christian
churches.
27) Lutheranism is an example of a Christian
A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) religion.
D) sect.
E) family.
28) The dominant branch of Islam is
A) Druze.
B) Eastern Orthodoxy.
C) Sikh.
D) Sunni.
E) Shiite.
29) The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is
A) Medina.
B) Eastern Orthodoxy.
C) Mecca.
D) Sunni.
E) Shiite.
D) Daoism
E) Hinduism
36) Hinduism's caste system
A) assigns everyone to a distinct class.
B) decrees the pilgrimages which should be taken.
C) is a substitute for the lack of a holy book.
D) identifies a family's important deities.
E) is the basis for seasonal celebrations.
37) Both universalizing and ethnic religions
A) appeal primarily to one group of people living in one
place.
B) can diffuse to different populations around the world.
C) attempt to be global and appeal to all people.
D) can be expressed as Christianity and Islam.
E) arose from changes in the physical environment.
30) Based on demographics, we can surmise that a person
from Alabama is more likely to be an adherent of
A) a Baptist church.
B) the Roman Catholic church.
C) an Eastern Orthodox church.
D) Judaism.
E) Islam.
38) An ethnic religion is
A) based on only one language.
B) appealing mostly to one group of people in one place.
C) based on belief in one particular spiritual leader.
D) younger than a universalizing religion.
E) more peaceful than a universalizing religion.
31) Demographic knowledge indicates that Baptists are
clustered in the ________ United States.
A) northeastern
B) southern
C) southwestern
D) upper midwestern
E) northwestern and southern
39) Followers of which religious branch do not trace their
origin to Abraham?
A) Eastern Orthodox
B) Mahayana
C) Shiite
D) Sunni
E) Judaism
32) The largest group of religious adherents in the U.S.
Southwest are
A) Catholics.
B) Baptists.
C) Latter-day Saints.
D) Methodists.
E) Lutherans.
40) Which of the following is currently the most important
religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Shintoism
33) Examples of ethnic religions include
A) Daoism and Christianity.
B) Daoism, Confucianism, and Judaism.
C) Confucianism, Islam, and Buddhism.
D) Buddhism, Judaism, and Hinduism.
E) Hinduism and Buddhism.
41) Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism
A) remained primarily concentrated in one region of the
world.
B) was not begun by an individual founder and then
diffused elsewhere.
C) was founded in China.
D) worships more than one god.
E) diffused primarily by colonization.
34) Which of the following is not a universalizing
religion?
A) Buddhism
B) Sikhism
C) Islam
D) Judaism
E) Christianity
35) Which is not an ethnic Asian religion?
A) Buddhism
B) Confucianism
C) Shintoism
42) Which of the following would be more characteristic
of a universalizing religion?
A) Several priests build temples at the tops of the world's
highest volcanoes.
B) Several priests travel across the world to establish
missions on remote islands.
C) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her
church unless your mother was previously a member of
that church.
D) Priests follow a calendar of religious services based
largely on seasonal changes.
E) Priests and adherents of a particular church pledge that
they will not support warfare in any form.
43) Which of the following would we be more likely to
classify as a characteristic of an ethnic religion?
A) Priests build temples in cities around the world.
B) Priests travel across the world to establish missions on
remote islands.
C) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her
church as a full member unless you bring two or three
people with you, as converts to her religion.
D) The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal
changes in a particular region.
E) The adherents of a church pledge that they will not
support warfare in any form.
44) Christianity first diffused from its hearth through
A) contagious diffusion.
B) hierarchical diffusion.
C) relocation diffusion.
D) expansion diffusion.
E) military conquest.
45) Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest
primarily because of migration of
A) Roman Catholics from Latin America.
B) Roman Catholics from the northeastern United States.
C) Roman Catholics from Ireland.
D) Protestants to the north.
E) Protestants to the east.
46) Buddhism diffused initially to
A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia.
B) South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
C) Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe.
D) Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
E) Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia.
47) Islam diffused initially to
A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia.
B) Southwest Asia and North Africa.
C) West Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe.
D) North Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
E) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia.
48) It is reasonable to surmise that historically, when signs
were posted in store windows warning "No Irish Need
Apply," the store owner may also have been
A) a Protestant discriminating against Roman Catholic
immigrants.
B) a Roman Catholic discriminating against Jewish and
Protestant immigrants.
C) a Roman Catholic from Ireland.
D) a nonreligious entrepreneur discriminating against all
religious adherents.
E) a Protestant attempting to welcome Roman Catholics
but not Jewish immigrants.
49) Given Muslim perspectives on sacred spaces in the
Middle East, politicians in the region have been wary of
inviting further religious-fueled conflict by proclaiming
A) the West Bank a Palestinian-controlled area.
B) Jerusalem to be a holy city for three major religions.
C) that groups of Christians and Jews will not start touring
Mecca and Medina.
D) that groups of Christians and Jews will tour Jerusalem.
E) Jerusalem the capital of Israel.
50) Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and
Palestine is also linked to
A) the immigration of Tibetan Buddhists into the area.
B) the ordination of women as leaders in some Protestant
Christian denominations.
C) the existence of Mecca and Medina.
D) a belief in the equitable sharing of resources regardless
of religious affiliation.
E) ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over the control
of land.
51) The landscape of Quebec is distinguished from
neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States
partly because it
A) has toponyms from non Indo-European languages.
B) is not predominantly Christian.
C) has numerous religious toponyms.
D) may become part of France again.
E) displays numerous examples of religious tolerance.
52) Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a
universalizing religion, partly because
A) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its
founder, Abraham.
B) it uses a standard solar calendar rather than a lunar
calendar.
C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.
D) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.
E) the holy text is the foundation of the religion.
53) The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to
which type of religions?
A) animist
B) ethnic
C) traditional
D) universalizing
E) Judaism, Shintoism, and Daoism
54) The Julian and Gregorian calendars are
A) designed to celebrate religiously notable events in East
Asia.
B) lunar calendars.
C) Christian calendars that are now used as standard
calendars in much of the world.
D) Christian calendars that have been replaced by
scientific, nonreligious calendars.
E) pre-Christian calendars.
55) Which of the following best describes the situation of
religion in Tibet?
A) Only a few practice Buddhism; the majority observe
Confucianism.
B) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control over
the policies of their province.
C) The population has become almost entirely atheist since
the Chinese invasion.
D) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government
discourages observance.
E) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law.
56) Which is NOT a characteristic of a hierarchical
religion?
A) It has a well-defined hierarchical structure.
B) It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient.
C) It organizes territory into local administrative units.
D) It fosters interaction among different congregations.
E) Regional administration is located in large cities.
57) Protestants in Ireland are
A) dispersed throughout the island.
B) recent immigrants from Great Britain.
C) highly clustered in one part of the island.
D) highly integrated with the Roman Catholic population.
E) ethnically English and not ethnically Irish.
58) Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly
difficult religious conflict to resolve because
A) sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built on
top of one another.
B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but
surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on
either side.
C) the Israeli government has separated the most sacred
sites with a massive concrete wall.
D) Israel captured the Sinai peninsula from Egypt.
E) few Muslims and Jews are allowed within the city.
59) The barrier between Israel and the West Bank
A) has been ruled as illegal by both Israeli and
international courts but is supported by other elements of
the Israeli government.
B) is welcomed by both sides within the Palestinian and
Israeli governments, regardless of their political
affiliations.
C) represents the natural landscape feature of the Jordan
River as described in early religious texts.
D) follows the previous border between Israel and Jordan.
E) has established peace in the Middle East.
60) The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area
of a city
A) inside the walls.
B) inhabited by the lowest-income people.
C) where Jews were forced to live.
D) where most blacks lived.
E) where the untouchable caste lived.
61) The example of Jerusalem indicates that in regards to
the geographic landscape,
A) sacred sites may be equally important to universalizing
and ethnic religions.
B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but
surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on
either side.
C) the sacred sites for universalizing religions do not
overlap with the sacred sites of ethnic religions.
D) there is almost always a clear distinction between the
uses of sacred spaces by both ethnic and universalizing
religions.
E) Islam and Christianity are not good examples of
universalizing religions.
62) The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the
A) Dalai Buddha.
B) Kublai Khan.
C) Panchen Buddha.
D) Dalai Lama.
E) Buddha.
63) For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been
A) highly clustered in present-day Israel.
B) dispersed around the world.
C) concentrated in the United States.
D) forced to live in ghettos.
E) nomads herding sheep.
64) Cremation is more important than burial in which
religion?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Judaism
65) The goal of the majority of people living in Northern
Ireland is to
A) remain part of the United Kingdom.
B) migrate to the Republic of Ireland.
C) become part of the Republic of Ireland.
D) join the Irish Republican Army.
E) establish an independent republic.
66) The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine
placed Jerusalem under
A) a British Mandate.
B) Palestinian administration.
C) Israeli administration.
D) divided administration.
E) United Nations administration.
67) Palestinians include all but which of the following
groups?
A) residents of refugee camps
B) residents of territories occupied by Israel
C) citizens of other states calling themselves Palestinians
D) Jewish citizens of Israel
E) Muslim citizens of Israel
68) Which of these penalties were imposed by the Taliban
in Afghanistan?
A) Men were beaten for shaving their beards.
B) Homosexuals were buried alive.
C) Prostitutes were hanged in public, and men were stoned
for committing adultery.
D) Thieves' hands were cut off, and women with nail
polish had their fingers cut off.
E) All of these answers are correct.
B) emphasis in nonreligious policies and programs.
C) emphasis on religion as a weapon against "Godless
communism."
D) disregard for religious practices in Christian churches.
E) concern for scientific practices rather than religious
practices.
69) What policy did the British follow in India?
A) They divided India into three countries.
B) They forced all of the Hindus to migrate.
C) They turned the problem over to the United Nations.
D) They encouraged the abolition of the caste system.
E) They required all education to be conducted in English.
74) A universalizing religion
A) is based on the physical characteristics of a particular
location on Earth.
B) appeals to people living in a wide variety of locations.
C) is rarely transmitted through missionaries.
D) has celebrations that are almost entirely based on
seasonal changes.
E) is less likely to be used as a reason for violence than
ethnic religions.
70) From the Russian Revolution to the fall of the Soviet
communist government, what was the policy of the
government towards religion?
A) All churches were closed.
B) The old church was replaced by Eastern Orthodoxy.
C) Churches remained open but played a limited role.
D) Youth were encouraged to attend so that they could be
indoctrinated into communism.
E) Nearly all marriages were performed by clergy.
71) Which of the following religions is also part of a
territorial concern for the Chinese government?
A) Judaism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Buddhism
72) Given the geographic perspectives on religion that are
discussed in this chapter, we might hypothesize in addition
that victorious Spanish soldiers in 1492 were partly
motivated by
A) their Roman Catholic faith.
B) their Protestant faith.
C) a peaceful vision
D) a nonreligious view of the world.
E) what they learned from Muslims, Jews, and Eastern
Orthodox Christians.
73) Given the Soviet Union's policies toward religion
discussed in this chapter, a historian could hypothesize that
in the United States, Cold War opposition to the Soviet
Union was accompanied by a heightened
A) emphasis on religion as an area in which the United
States was deficient.
75) Adherents of which religion controlled much of
present-day Spain until 1492, but not since then?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Druze
76) The situation in Northern Ireland is the result of
A) counties in Northern Ireland voting to remain in the
United Kingdom.
B) Catholic protest against discrimination by Protestants.
C) British colonial control which contributed to poor
economic conditions.
D) violence committed by extreme partisans on both sides.
E) All of these answers are correct.
77) Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy
Land for most of the past 1,500 years?
A) Sikhism
B) Judaism
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Christianity
78) Israel has controlled all of Jerusalem since
A) partition of Palestine by the United Nations in 1947.
B) the withdrawal of British rule in 1948.
C) the Arab-Israeli armistice of 1949.
D) the Six-Day War in 1967.
E) the Egyptian and Israeli peace treaty of 1979.
Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
B
E
B
B
A
B
C
B
A
A
B
C
A
C
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
A
B
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
D
E
A
B
A
B
D
A
A
B
B
B
D
A
B
D
C
A
B
B
A
E
E
C
C
D
C
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
D
B
C
A
A
C
A
D
B
C
A
E
D
E
D
C
E
A
C
B
D
E
D
D
Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
Define Culture
Explain Cultural Geography
Explain Cultural Landscape and give an example
Identify and give examples of the 4 types of Cultural Landscapes
Explain Cultural Ecology
Identify the 4 schools of thought under Cultural Ecology
Define a cultural hearth and give two examples
Using examples explain assimilation
Explain ethnocentrism
Use an example to explain cultural relativism
Define folk culture and what may cause it
Identify the three ways folk culture can be expressed and support with examples
Define Folk Music
Identify the four types of American folk music sources.
Identify types of materials used for building homes and provide a reason why.
Identify two types of architecture, where it may be located and a description of each
Define Popular Culture
Compare the diffusion of pop culture to that of folk culture
Identify 4 attributes of popular culture
Define and give an example of popular music, clothing, food
Identify and explain the four causes of popular culture diffusion
Identify and explain the four consequences of popular culture
Define Language
Identify the purpose of language
Identify the differences of language
Define linguistic geography
Explain Language Divergence
Explain Language Convergence
List and explain the three categories of language
Identify the top 3 language families
Identify the top 5 most commonly spoken languages
Identify the regions where the Indo-European Languages are dominant
Identify 7 main Indo-European languages
Explain the two different theories on how the Indo-European language diffused
Identify the split in the Indo-Iranian branch and give an example of a language spoken be each.
Identify the two largest spoken languages in India
Explain multilingualism (Linguistic Fragmentation), why it may come about, and Identify two countries who may be
examples of it.
Explain the difference between an official language and a standard language
Identify the three main languages of the European Branch and list a main language of each.
Explain a language isolate and give an example
Identify three other major language families and give two languages spoken from each.
Identify the language family and branch of English
Identify regions where English has diffused and explain why
Define dialect
Explain the 3 differences between British and American English
Define Isogloss
Define Lingua Franca and give an example of 3
Explain, using two reasons why minority languages might rebel against a Lingua Franca
Explain Pidgin
Explain what toponymy might show us
Explain religion
Identify what religion creates, teaches, and provides
Explain Monotheism
Explain Polytheism
Explain Animism
Identify and explain the 4 commonalities of religion
Contrast the purpose of an ethnic calendar vs. a universalizing calendars
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
Define secularism
Explain a universalizing religion
Explain a monotheistic religion and identify the three main religions that fall under it and where they all began
Identify the 5 major universalizing religions
Explain Branches, denominations, and sects
Explain the beliefs of universalizing religion with Cosmogony, Calendars, and places
Identify the general beliefs/facts of Christianity
Identify Christianity's origins and explain its diffusion patterns
Identify and explain the three major branches of Christianity
Identify the largest denomination of Christianity found in central and south America
Identify the different denominations and their regional locations in the US
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by the Muslim religion.
Identify and explain the diffusion patterns of Islam
Identify and explain the two main branches of Islam and identify the countries with the largest percent of each group
How are the two different branches of Islam different
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by the Buddhist religion
Explain the diffusion patterns of Buddhism
Identify and explain the three main branches of Buddhism
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Sikhism religion
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Baha’i religion
Explain an ethnic religion
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Hinduism
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Confucianism
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Daoism
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Shintoism
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Judaism
Explain Diaspora
Explain ghetto
Identify the general beliefs/facts held by Shamanism
Explain the concept of Shatter Belt and provide and example
Explain the conflict between the Irish and Catholics and Protestants
Explain the Israel and Palestinian conflict
Explain the concept of a contact zone and provide and example
Give an example of religious extremism