Table o f Contents
Page
PREFACE
ii-iv
TRANSLITERATION
v
FIRST PART : INTRODUCTION
Chapter - I :
Scope and other relevant aspectsof the Study
[ 1-39]
[1-12]
1.
Language
1-3
1.2.
Sentence is the Basic Element inLanguage
3-5
1.3.
Arthatatwa and Sambandhatatwa
5
1.4.
Grammatical Categories
5-6
1.5.
Parts of Speech in Hindi and Assamese
6-8
1.6.
The place of Karaka among the Grammatical
Categories
9
1.7.
Scope of the Study
10
1.8.
Methodology adopted in theStudy
11
1.9. Works done in the Proposed Field
Chapter- I I :
11-12
A brief history of the growth and development
of the Hindi and the Assamese languages
[13-29]
2.1.
Indo-Aryan Languages
13-14
2.2.
Hindi Language
14-21
2.3.
Assamese Language
21-29
Chapter- IH :
An introductory reference to the Karakas in
Sanskrit.
[30-39]
3.1.
Definition of Karaka
30-31
3.2.
Kinds of Karakas
31-32
vii
3.3.
Definition and m e a n in g o f various K arakas
32-34
3.4.
Karakas and the ‘s u p ’ vibhakties
34
A. Pratham a-vibhakti
35-36
B. DwitTya-vibhakti
36-37
C. Trtiya-vibhakti
37-38
D. Caturthi-vibhakti
38
E. PancamT-vibhakti
38
F. Sasthl-vibhakti
38-39
G. SaptairiT-vibhakti
39
S E C O N D PA RT' : T H E O R IT IC A L A N A L Y S IS O F K A R A K A
[40-335]
C hapter-
C hapter-
C hapter-
IV :
Definition o f K araka
[40-55]
4.1.
Relation betw een K araka and Sentence
40
4.2.
Definition and basic things o f a Sentence
40-43
4.3.
A kam ksa is the base o f the concept o f K araka
43-45
4.4.
Karaka : D efinition
45-49
4.5.
Essense o f K araka
49-53
4.6.
Importance o f K araka and K riyapada
53-55
4.7.
Relation o f K araka w ith D esa and Kala
55
V :
N um ber o f K arakas
[56-76]
5.1.
N um ber
56-73
5.2.
Place and O rd e r o f the Karakas in a Sentence
73
5.3.
Classification o f the K arakas
73-76
VI :
Definition. M e an in g an d S ub-C lassification o f
6.1.
various K arakas
[77-188J
Kartta-Karaka ( N o m in a tiv e Case)
[77-91]
6.1.1. Etymological m e a n in g and D efinition
77-81
6.1.2. Essense
81-84
6.1.3. Sub-Classification
84-91
V lll
6.2.
Karmma-Karaka (Objective Case)
[91-105]
6.2.1. Etymological meaning and Definition
91-94
6.2.2. Essense
94-97
6.2.3. Sub-Classification
97-105
6.3.
[105-117]
Karana-Karaka (Instrumental Case)
6.3.1. Etymological meaning and Definition
105-108
6.3.2. Essense
108-109
6.3.3. Sub-Classification
109-117
6.4.
[117-127]
Sampradana Karaka (Dative Case)
6.4.1. Etymological meaning Definition
117-121
6.4.2. Essense
121-124
6.4.3. Sub-Classification
124-127
6.5.
[127-144]
Apadana Karaka (Ablative Case)
6.5.1. Etymological meaning and Definition
127-131
6.5.2. Essense
131-133
6.5.3. Sub-Classification
133-144
6.6.
[144-162]
Sambandha Karaka (Genitive Case)
6.6.1. Etymological meaning and Definition
144-148
6.6.2. Essense
148-151
6.6.3. Sub-Classification
151-162
6.7.
[162-177]
Abhikarana Karaka (Locative Case)
6.7.1. Etymological meaning and Definition
162-165
6.7.2. Essense
165-166
6.7.3. Sub-Classification
166-177
6.8.
[177-188]
Sambodhana Karaka (Vocative Case)
6.8.1. Etymological meaning and Definition
177-180
6.8.2. Essense
180-182
IX
6.8.3. Sub-Classification
182-188
6.9.
188
Actual positions of the Case-relations
Chapter- V II: Karaka-Cihnas and their relation with
various Karakas
7.1.
Means of expressing Karakas in Hindi and
Assamese
7.2.
[189-286]
189-192
Name of the grammatical elements used to
express case-relations
192-201
7.3.
Karaka-Cihnas used in Hindi and Assamese
201-211
7.4.
Classification of Karaka-Cihnas in Hindi and
Assamese
7.4.1. Hindi Karaka-Cihnas (Hindi Case-indications)
211-213
213-219
7.4.2. Asamiya Karaka-Cihnas (Assamese Caseindications)
7.5.
Origin and Growth o f the major Karaka-Cihnas
used in Hindi and Assamese
7.6.
219-227
227-265
Examples of use of Hindi and Assamese
Karaka-Cihnas
[265-284]
7.6.1. Kartta-karaka (Nominative case)
265-266
7.6.2. Karmma-karaka (Accusative case)
266-268
7.6.3. Karana-karaka (Instrumental case)
268-272
7.6.4. Sampradana-karaka (Dative case)
272-275
7.6.5. Apadana-karaka (Ablative case)
275-276
7.6.6. Sambandha-karaka (Genitive case)
276-277
7.6.7. Adhikarana-karaka (Locative case)
277-282
7.6.8. Sambodhana-karaka (Vocative case)
282-284
7.7.
A few important Points regarding relation
between Karakas and Karaka-Cihnas
284-286
X
Chapter- VIII : A general idea of Sabda-Rupa in Hindi and
Assamese
8 . 1.
1287-3 ' M
Meaning of Sabda-Rupa or Karaklya
Rupa-Racana
287
8 .2 .
Kinds of Karakiya Rupas
288-200
8.3.
Classification of Hindi nouns on basis of
Declension
|296-303j
8.3.1. Classification of Hindi masculine Nouns
297-30;'
8.3.2. Classification of Hindi feminine Nouns
302-3o>
8.4.
Declension of Assamese Nouns
305-3 i 7
8.5.
Few Points of Difference between Declensions
8 . 6 . 1.
J f-6 .2 .
of Hindi and Assamese Nouns
3 12-3 1'
Declension of Hindi and Assamese Pronouns
[ 3 15-52"' |
Kinds of Hindi Pronouns and their Declension
31 5-3 1'>
Kinds of Assamese Pronouns and their Declension
319- v'~
Few points of difference between Declensions
of Hindi and Assamese Pronouns
328-320
Few important Points regarding Declensions of
Hindi and Assamese Nouns & Pronouns
329-3 3s
THIRD PART : PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF VARIOUS
KARAKAS
Chapter- IX :
Kartta-karaka (Nominative c a s e ): Comparision
of Usages in Hindi and Assamese
Chapter- X :
336-370
Karmma-karaka (Objective/Accusative case) :
Comparision of usages in Hindi and Assamese
Chapter- XI :
1336-4'o I
371-3so
Karana-karaka (Instrumental case) : Comparision
of usages in Hindi and Assamese
390-40 3
XI
Chapter- X I I : Sampradana-karaka (Dative case) : Comparision
404-410
of usages in Hindi and Assamese
Chapter- X H I: Apadana-karaka (Ablative case) : Comparision
411-421
of usages in Hindi and Assamese
Chapter- XIV : .Sambandha-karaka (Genitive case) :
Comparision of usages in Hindi and Assamese
422-444
Chapter- XV : Adhikarana-karaka (Locative case) :
Comparision of usages in Hindi and Assamese
445-466
Chapter- X V I: Sambodhana-karaka (Vocative case) :
Comparision of usages in Hindi and Assamese
467-479
[480-514]
FOURTH PART : CONCLUSION
Chapter- XVn : Arrived Concepts regarding Definition and
Number of Karaka and nature of Karaka-Cihnas
applicable to Hindi and Assamese
480-484
Chapter- X V D I: Similarities and Differences in Karakas,
Karaka-Cihnas and Karaklya Rupa-Racana
in Hindi and Assamese
-
485-491
Chapter- XIX : Structural Significances in Hindi and Assamese
due to differences in Karaka-Cihnas and their
usages
492-495
Chapter- XX : Bhasika-Vyaghatas (Linguistic Interferences) in
respect of Karakas
496-510
Chapter- X X I: Achievement and Future Prospect of the Study 511-514
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
515-527