How to submit for points
•Attend the live session OR view
the recording
•Go to the :Unit 6: EOC Review
participation Drop box
Dates:
February: 14, 21 and 28
March: 7, 14, 21, 28
April: 4, 18, 25
May: 2, 9, 16, 23, 30
•Enter the Code word for the week
in the Text box. SUBMIT
•Each week your 3 points will be
added to your total. This
assignment is worth a total
of 45 points.
Topics for February 21
• Cellular Respiration
– Inputs
– Outputs
– Chemical formula/equation
– Where are the two “parts”
• Glycolysis
• Kreb’s cycle
– Anerobic and aerobic respiration
• Respiration vs. fermentation
Pre quiz
• Stop groaning…LOL
• Just want you to see what you remember
• We will do this each week. 
On a piece of paper…answer these
questions
1. What is the purpose/function of cellular respiration?
2. What is the name of the organelle where cellular
respiration occurs?
3. Plants and animals perform cellular respiration.
(true or false?)
4. What is the energy molecule produced during
cellular respiration?
5. Heterotrophs make their own food. (true or false?)
6. What is missing from this equation?
– glucose+ ________ = Energy (ATP) + water +
___________
Answers
1. To make chemical energy that cells can use
to power metabolic reactions
2. Mitochondria
3. True
4. ATP (adenosine tri phosphate)
5. False
6. Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + water +
carbon dioxide
Let’s start with an activity
• http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/lsps0
7_int_cellenergy/
• There isn’t any sound. Read the
captions…follow the process and the cycle
with photosynthesis
Let’s create the equation
• What ARE the inputs of Cellular Respiration?
– Names and chemical formulas (what is each atom?)
• What are the outputs?
– Names and chemical formulas (what is each atom?)
Chemical formula
• Who knows the formula?
Chemical formula
• Who knows the formula?
– Glucose + Oxygen =Energy + Water + Carbon
Dioxide
– Balanced equation
– C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Energy (ATP) + 6H2O + 6CO2
Can you track the rearrangement of
the elements?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Energy (ATP) + 6H2O + 6CO2
Cellular Respiration quick facts
• Occurs in the mitochondria
• Two stages of Cellular Respiration
– Glycolysis (no oxygen)
– Kreb’s cycle (oxygen)
Where we start
• Glycolysis:
– Takes place in the cytosol (cytoplasm)
– Glucose (food) is broken down into 2, threecarbon molecules called pyruvic acid
– Oxygen is NOT needed (anaerobic)
– 2 molecules of ATP are produced and used in the
next step, the Kreb’s cycle
After glycolysis
When oxygen is present:
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
• Oxygen is needed (this is
why we breathe)
• Produces large amounts of
ATP
• Many steps in the process
• Occurs in the mitochondria
No oxygen present: Aneraobic
Respiration
• Fermentation: Alcohol or
lactic acid
• Process requires no oxygen
• Small amounts of ATP are
produced
• We take advantage of this
with yeast (bread), and to
make alcoholic beverages
• Lactic acid fermentation
occurs when muscle cells are
lacking oxygen. This cause
muscle pain
Kreb’s cycle
• The pyruvic acid from glycolysis is broken
down producing CO2 and a 2 carbon
molecule called CoEnzyme-A.
• CoEnzyme-A enters the mitochondrial matrix
and the Krebs's cycle
• Through many re-arrangements of carbon
molecules NAD+ is converted to NADH and
FAD2+ is converted to FADH and shipped to
the electron transport chain
Going to electron
transport chain
Going to electron
transport chain
Electron Transport Chain
• This occurs after the
kreb’s cycle. For the
EOC you do not have to
know these details.
• However, keep in mind
this is the process that
produces the maority
of the ATP.
• The Kreb’s cycle
produces the reactants
(ingredients) to power
this step.
• Electron transport
chain is also part of
photosynthesis. 
Glycolysis and Kreb’s Cycle
Glycolysis
• Reactants
– Glucose
– ATP
• Products
– ATP
– NADH
– Pyruvic acid
(glucose is broken
down into this)
Kreb’s Cycle
• Reactants
– Pyruvic Acid
– NADH
– OXYGEN
WOW!! That was a lot
• What you have to be sure to KNOW
– Glycolysis does not use Oxygen, occurs in the
cytoplasm and makes molecules used in the
second step: Kreb’s Cycle
– Kreb’s Cycle needs OXYGEN and further
rearranges the glucose molecule to produce
more molecules to be used in the mass
production of ATP
– Carbon dioxide and water are waste products
from this process.
The big picture question
• WHY do we breathe???
– Don’t you dare tell me you will die!!
Now more big picture stuff
Photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration
• Reactants (what it needs)
• Reactants (what it needs)
– Energy (sun)
– Carbon dioxide
– Water
• Products (what it makes)
– Glucose
– Oxygen
Chemical formula
Energy + CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2
– Oxygen
– Glucose
• Products (what it makes)
– Energy (ATP)
– Carbon Dioxide
– Water
Chemical formula
C6H12O6 + O2 = Energy + CO2 + H2O
Photosynthesis and respiration
Does anyone notice anything???
Photosynthesis
respiration
• Reactants (what it needs)
• Reactants (what it needs)
– Energy (sun)
– Carbon dioxide
– Water
• Products (what it makes)
– Glucose
– Oxygen
Chemical formula
Energy + CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2
– Oxygen
– Glucose
• Products (what it makes)
– Energy (ATP)
– Carbon Dioxide
– Water
Chemical formula
C6H12O6 + O2 = Energy + CO2 + H2O
They are OPPOSITES!!
– Photosynthesis
–Energy + CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2
Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 = Energy + CO2 + H2O
Remember: Food chain begins with
the sun…
• Autotrophs (producers) make glucose
• Herbivores (consumers) eat the producers
• Carnivores (consmers) eat herbivores
• It all starts with the autotrophs!! Which
means it all starts with what energy source?
Hmmm…cellular respiration needs
oxygen….
• Where does the oxygen come from?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!
Photosynthesis needs carbon dioxide
• where does THAT come from??
Cellular Respiration!!
It’s a CYCLE
Who/what can do cellular respiration
• Prokaryotes
– Bacteria
All the steps occur in the cytoplasm.
Many bacteria complete only
glycolysis, or fermentation…the
anerobic steps
• Eukaryotes
– Plants
– Animals
– Fungi
– Protists
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
The remaining steps occur in the
mitochondria.
Respiration vs. fermentation
• Fermentation: Process that provides energy
for cells without using oxygen
– This is for organisms or places that do not need
or have oxygen
• Unicellular, live at bottom of ocean/mud
– Produces much less energy than respiration
• Two types of fermentation
– Alcoholic Fermentation
– Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation
• Where: in yeast and other unicellular
organisms, to make oxygen
• Products: alcohol, little energy, and carbon
dioxide
• Used by us for: making bread, beer, wine
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Where: in animal muscles
• Products: lactic acid and energy
• Cause: lack of oxygen such as when you
work out
• Effect: lactic acid causes pain
Try the quiz again
1. What is the purpose/function of cellular respiration?
2. What is the name of the organelle where cellular
respiration occurs?
3. Plants and animals perform cellular respiration.
(true or false?)
4. What is the energy molecule produced during
cellular respiration?
5. Heterotrophs make their own food. (true or false?)
6. What is missing from this equation?
– glucose+ ________ = Energy (ATP) + water +
___________
Answers: Did you do better?
1. To make chemical energy that cells can use
to power metabolic reactions
2. Mitochondria
3. True
4. ATP (adenosine tri phosphate)
5. False
6. Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + water +
carbon dioxide
What you can do to study
• Interesting video on capacity to use oxygen:
http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/oer08_vid_exercise/
• Glycolysis: http://www.safeshare.tv/w/GwgpHuqHkr
– Focus on the products not the molecules involved to get the
products (pyruvic acid, NADH and ATP)
– Especially pay attention to the end when he does the ‘accounting’
• Kreb’s Cycle: http://www.safeshare.tv/w/cQglPDOfWc
– Notice where CO2 comes from 
– Especially pay attention to the end when he does the ‘accounting’
• Electron Transport Chain:
http://www.safeshare.tv/w/lYpBsKoAee
– Remember you do not need to know the details about this
step…but it may help you pull it all together to see how this works
Remember, ultimately it is up to you to practice these concepts. You will be
more likely to remember details if you review different sources between now
and June.
Next week
• Tying it
together…systems
concepts
– Closer look at the
relationship
between
photosynthesis and
respiration
– Carbon cyle
– Cellular respiration
and combustion
Credit this week?
• Copy and paste your quiz answers into the
text box of the drop box
• I will add 3 points to your score
– Each week I will add 3 points
– The entire semester of points is a total of 45
points
Questions?