The Restored
Church of God
The word of God is…sharper than any two-edged sword…
Hebrews 4:12
WHO AND
WHAT IS MAN?
BIBLE INTRODUCTION COURSE
Lesson 9
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INTRODUCTION
Do You Have an Immortal Soul?
The world’s religions have one major belief in common: At
the time of death, the soul separates from the physical body
and departs to the hereafter—purgatory, nirvana, heaven or
hell. This promotes the idea of an immortal soul that lives on,
independent of one’s physical body.
Death is a mystery to humanity, and religion capitalizes on
this. When dealing with death, many seek religion for reassurance and comfort. Professing Christianity—which claims to
teach from the Bible—teaches the very opposite.
Before beginning this lesson, we need to understand the
origin of the “immortal soul” doctrine. We will see that it does
not come from the Bible. We will also look at facts so amazing
as to shock those who have assumed such beliefs originated
from the Bible. What the Bible teaches pertaining to what is
man and what is his ultimate destiny is truly fascinating.
To accept doctrines contradicting the Bible—such as the
immortality of the soul—requires a denial of what the Bible
teaches. Notice this short, pointed statement: “Many reform
Jews, while rejecting the doctrine of the resurrection of the
body, accept the doctrine of the immortality of the soul”
(“Resurrection,” The New Jewish Encyclopedia).
The Jewish Encyclopedia addresses the core of this issue:
“The belief that the soul continues its existence after the dissolution of the body [death] is a matter of philosophical and
theological speculation rather than of simple faith, and is
accordingly nowhere taught in the Holy Scripture…The belief
in the immortality of the soul came to the Jews from contact
with Greek thought and chiefly through the philosophy of
Plato, its principle exponent, who was led to it through Orphic
and Eleusinian mysteries in which Babylonian and Egyptian
views were strangely blended” (“Immortality of the Soul”).
Plato drew upon Babylonian and Egyptian speculations.
His ideals were further developed by Aristotle. This school of
thought, termed “Platonism,” was later revisited and adopted
by philosophers and theologians of the second and third centuries. These philosophers developed the theological ideas
adopted by the Catholic Church, making their modified gospel
more acceptable to the elite intellectuals of that day—Gnostics
and others with different schools of thought.
Some of the most influential philosophers contributing
to Catholic theology were scholars such as Justin Martyr
(A.D. 100-167), a Platonist (a follower of Plato). He strongly
opposed Jewish practices and beliefs. Thus, he opposed
the Law of God—including the Sabbath, which he termed
“Judaizing.”
Tertullian (A.D. 150-220), a philosopher and lawyer from
Carthage, Tunisia, was another Platonist. Also an advocate of
Stoicism and Asceticism, he was instrumental in the development of monastic orders. Tertullian wrote extensively on
doctrines such as the trinity and the immortal soul.
More than those preceding him, Origen (A.D. 185-254)
of Alexandria, Egypt, blended Platonism with Catholic theology. His philosophy became known as neo-Platonism, which
strongly advocated the belief in the immortal soul.
Despite total lack of biblical foundation, a number of
other philosophers, writers and theologians contributed to this
belief. Even today, professing Christianity vainly attempts to
use the Bible to prove and explain these pagan theories.
But what does the Bible really teach?
LESSON 9
Man—A Mortal Soul
(1) Upon being created and God imparting to him “the breath of
life,” did Adam become a living soul? Genesis 2:7.
Comment: The word “soul” is translated from the Hebrew
term nephesh, meaning a breathing creature or animal.
Throughout Genesis, nephesh is translated “creature” when
referring to animals. Nephesh is even found in the book of
Numbers on a number of occasions to represent a dead body.
This word pertains to a physical body—animal or human. Adam
became a living soul and, upon death, he was a soul that had
ceased living!
(2) What would happen to Adam if he failed to obey God’s
instructions? Genesis 2:17.
Comment: This did happen. Adam and Eve did eventually
die.
(3) Who told Eve that she would not die if she disobeyed
God’s instructions? Genesis 3:4.
Comment: Read Genesis 3:1-6 for the full context. The
serpent—Satan—first exposed human beings to the doctrine of
immortality.
(4) What happens to the soul that sins? Ezekiel 18:4, 20.
(5) What is the end result, or wages, of sin? Romans 6:23.
(6) What event befalls both humans and beasts at the end of
their lives? Ecclesiastes 3:19.
(7) Where does man go after he dies? Ecclesiastes 3:20-21;
12:7.
Comment: The Hebrew word translated “spirit” in Ecclesiastes
3:21 is ruwach. The correct translation of ruwach is “air, breath
or wind” and occasionally, “spirit.” Ecclesiastes 12:7 clearly
answers the question in Ecclesiastes 3:21.
(8) Are there any other verses that support Ecclesiastes 3?
Psalm 49:12, 20.
(9) Does God’s Word refer to physical man as mortal or
immortal? Romans 6:12; Job 4:17.
(10) What happens to people and animals when their breath
is removed? Psalm 104:29; 146:4.
(11) Does God clearly differentiate between flesh and spirit?
John 3:6.
(12) What is wrong with the physical, carnal mind? Romans
7:18; 8:7.
Blood—The Wellspring of Physical Life
(1) What did God instruct the Israelites regarding the blood of
animals? Deuteronomy 12:23.
Comment: In verse 23, “life” is translated from nephesh.
Just as the breath sustains life, the blood, providing oxygen
to the cells, is the wellspring of physical life for animals and
man.
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(2) Does God emphasize abstaining from ingesting animal
blood? Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 17:11, 14.
Comment: God clearly shows a certain sanctity of life,
typified by the blood—showing that the shedding of blood
atones (pays the price) for sin by reason of the life within it.
In verse 11, nephesh is translated “soul,” where the context
clearly means “life”—life within the blood.
(3) Isaiah 53:10 shows that Christ was to become an offering for sin (as the Father and the Word [Christ] had previously
determined). How was this to happen? Verse 12.
Comment: Christ became a sacrifice for sin by offering His
soul—His physical life. Christ’s own lifeblood was poured out
unto death as the ultimate atonement for sin.
(4) Are the dead conscious and able to think? Psalm 146:4;
115:17; 6:5; Ecclesiastes 9:5, 10.
Comment: These verses show that all thoughts cease at
death.
The Spirit in Man
(1) Although mankind suffers the same fate as animals—
death—does man have a far greater purpose? Genesis 1:2627.
Comment: Not only was man given dominion over all the
physical creation, he was also created in God’s image. This
entails not only a physical resemblance, but also mental attributes on a far higher plane than animals. God placed a certain
element inside the human brain that raised it to a higher
level—a human MIND.
(2) While man is a soul, what has God placed within the
human brain, giving man the ability to think and reason? I
Corinthians 2:11.
Comment: Man himself is not a spirit. The human spirit is
an element added to the human brain. This dimension added
to his brain is what sets him apart from all other living creatures.
(3) Did God form the spirit of man to be placed within
him? Zechariah 12:1.
Comment: This spirit that God placed within man does
not have a separate consciousness of itself. It cannot function
apart from the sensory organs that provide input to the mind—
through the physical senses. Although this human spirit is
not a separate entity, it is spirit essence, which expands the
human brain into the human mind. It is this element within the
mind that Satan led the ancient philosophers to perceive as an
immortal soul. But the human spirit is limited to knowledge
of physical things—not spiritual.
(4) In addition to imparting the ability of creative forethought and reasoning, does the spirit in man also motivate
him to achieve physical accomplishments? Proverbs 18:14.
Comment: The human spirit can help one aspire to higher
levels of accomplishment, but it is still limited to the physical
plane.
(5) How then, can man, limited to physical knowledge,
come to understand spiritual things? I Corinthians 2:9-14.
Comment: The Spirit of God far exceeds the human spirit.
The gulf that exists between the understanding that is possible
through God’s Spirit and that which is possible by the spirit of
man, is far greater than the gulf existing between the human
mind and the animal brain. Only when the Spirit of God—the
HOLY SPIRIT—enters the human mind and guides the spirit in
man, can one come to understand spiritual matters.
A Spiritual Dimension Opened for Man
(1) Although now only mortal, can man acquire immortality?
I Corinthians 15:53-54; Romans 6:23.
(2) Who is the only Being that has existed as a physical
human, but is now immortal? I Timothy 1:16-17.
Comment: Christ set the pattern to follow for those who
believe Him to attain eternal life.
(3) How did Christ answer the man who asked how he
could attain eternal life? Matthew 19:17.
(4) Is obedience a requirement for receiving the Holy
Spirit? Acts 5:32.
(5) Who will be changed to immortal spirit beings at the
time appointed by God? Romans 8:11.
(6) Has King David, whom God will raise up (resurrect) to
be king over Israel (Jer. 30:9), already ascended into heaven as
an immortal soul, or is he still dead? Acts 2:29, 34.
The Resurrection—The Hope of True Christians
(1) Did David prophesy of the resurrection of Christ? Psalm
16:10.
Comment: Acts 2:27 quotes this same scripture.
(2) How can we be certain that this prophecy refers to
Christ? Acts 2:30-31.
Comment: The Greek word in Acts 2:27, 31 translated
“soul” is psuche. This word could be translated as “breath”
and “life,” just as the Hebrew word nephesh. Hence, the body
of Christ was not left in the grave to deteriorate—He was
resurrected.
(3) Does the Bible show that the unrepentant—who lack
God’s Holy Spirit—are destined to perish? Luke 13:3-5.
Comment: If all humanity had immortal souls, they would
not die or perish. But death is the natural course of mortal
mankind.
(4) Why was Adam, after he had sinned, not allowed to eat
of the Tree of Life? Genesis 3:22-24.
Comment: In verse 22, we read, “…least he put forth his
hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever.” Adam and Eve did not have immortal souls—only by
eating of the Tree of Life would they have received the Holy
Spirit, thus imparting them with eternal life.
As mentioned earlier, Satan’s statement to Eve, “you shall
not surely die,” is the same lie he has fostered by way of false
religion—that mankind has an immortal soul. Had Adam and
Eve not sinned, but rather chosen to obey God and eaten from
the Tree of Life, they would have received the Holy Spirit.
(5) If Christ had not risen from the dead, would our faith
be in vain? I Corinthians 15:14-18.
(6) What does I Corinthians 15:20-22 assert as to Christ’s
Resurrection?
Comment: Not only did Paul personally witness the resurrected Christ after being called, he was also trained and
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tutored directly by Christ (Gal. 1:15-18). The apostles also
saw Christ a number of times after His Resurrection, and
even spoke directly with Him (John 20-21; Luke 24; Mark 16;
Matt. 28). The apostles would have never been willing to be
martyred for what they would have known to be a hoax.
(7) How did Job answer his own question, “If a man die,
shall he live again?” Job 14:14-15.
(8) Where are some other verses in the Old Testament in
which the resurrection—so central to the belief of God’s true
servants—is referenced? Psalm 17:15; Isaiah 26:19; Daniel
12:2.
(9) Are the dead soon to hear the voice of Christ and be
raised up in the resurrection? John 5:25; Ephesians 5:14.
Comment: Note that it is the dead who instantaneously
awake to a new life at the resurrection. No mention is made of
immortal souls, standing by, awaiting the resurrection.
(10) At Christ’s Return, will the dead be raised up and
changed before the living are changed? I Thessalonians 4:1617; I Corinthians 15:52.
Comment: These scriptures refer to the First Resurrection.
In later lessons, we will explain the three resurrections.
As a brief preview, the First Resurrection is referenced in
Revelation 20:6; the Second Resurrection in Revelation
20:11-12 and Isaiah 65:20-25; the Third Resurrection in
Revelation 20:13-15 and Matthew 25:41. A number of other
scriptures elaborate on each of the three resurrections.
Final Issues
(1) Many read verses such as I Thessalonians 4:17 or
Philippians 1:23, and assume that phrases such as “to be with
the Lord” or “to be with Christ” mean that souls have gone to
heaven. What do these phrases really mean?
Comment: The first phrase deals with the time of the First
Resurrection. Those resurrected will be with Christ, reigning
on earth as kings and priests (Rev. 5:10; 20:6).
The second phrase (Phil. 1:23) has to do with Paul’s
desiring to be with Christ, as every convert would desire.
But heaven is not mentioned in this context. Neither is the
timeframe mentioned as to when he would be with Christ. The
answer is clearly given in II Timothy 4:6-8. Verse 8 shows the
timeframe Paul had in mind. The phrase “at that day” meant
the time of the Return of Christ and of the First Resurrection,
when Paul—along with others—would receive his crowns.
(2) If souls were immortal, they would be indestructible.
Can souls actually be killed or destroyed? Matthew 10:28.
Comment: In the above scripture, the meaning of “soul”
applies to life rather than the physical breathing creature. This
life certainly refers to the spirit-begotten life that begins once
someone receives the Holy Spirit. Yet this embryonic stage of
life is not immortal—not until one is changed to a spirit being
does he “put on” immortality (I Cor. 15:52-54).
(3) What does “earnest of the Spirit” mean? II Corinthians
5:5.
Comment: The term “earnest” means a small portion of the
Holy Spirit that God gives in order to demonstrate His agreement to give eternal life to the recipient who remains faithful.
The recipient must allow the Spirit to lead him toward spiritual growth and maturity. The small portion of the Spirit is
given in advance as a pledge of the full Spirit body—changed
at the First Resurrection.
Summary
The hope of true Christians is to be in the First Resurrection—
not the false hope of an immortal soul separating from the
body at death. For a greater understanding of this vital subject,
refer to our booklets Is there LIFE AFTER DEATH? and What
Science Will Never Discover About YOUR MIND.
You can now better appreciate verses such as Psalm 8:4-6:
“What is man, that you are mindful of him? And the son of
man, that you visit him? For You have made him a little lower
than the angels, and have crowned him with glory and honor.
You made him to have dominion over the works of Your
hands; You have put all things [including the entire universe]
under his feet.”
Having completed this lesson, you should have clearer
insight into who and what man is. Human beings are far more
transitory than most have thought, yet with far greater potential for glory and honor than we could ever imagine! 
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