Daily English Vocab
PDF 19th Dec 2016
Chaff In The Wheat
Allowing duty-free imports of wheat in the middle of the sowing season, especially when farmers
need to be incentivized (प्रोत्साहन देना) to produce more of the crop that’s in short supply, isn’t
economically the smartest thing to do. Nor is it politically the most expedient (फायदेमदं ), when the
country’s two largest wheat-producing states — UP and Punjab — are headed for assembly polls
early next year. But given the prevailing (प्राधान्य/प्रचलित) situation, the Narendra Modi government
was probably left with no choice. Wheat stocks in the central pool have already depleted (कम होना
/खािी होना) to nine-year lows.
The new marketing season, beginning April, is likely to see reserves plunge below minimum buffer
norms. With farmers short on cash following demonetization, production prospects for the wheat
currently being sown seem uncertain. That being so, the government could have taken few chances.
Politically, too, pricey roti can exact a heavier cost than dal, pyaaz or aloo. The mistake that the
Modi government has made is fundamentally about timing, the blame for which lies with the
agriculture ministry. By March this year, it was clear that the 2015-16 wheat crop in India wasn’t
going to be good. Poor soil and sub-soil moisture levels, thanks to drought, aggravated (लिगाड़
देना/और खराि करना) by high temperatures and absence of winter rain, made this near inevitable
(अपररहायय/लनलित). It was confirmed further during the marketing season, when government agencies
were able to procure (खरीद/प्राप्त करना) hardly 23 million tonnes (mt) of grain, compared to 28 mt
during the same period last year. Yet, the agriculture ministry reckoned (सगं लित करना /लहसाि िगाना)
production first at 93.82 mt on February 15 and raised it to 94.04 on May 9, before a marginal
downward revision to 93.50 mt on August 2. Krishi Bhawan’s rosy (उज्जज्जवि) output estimates — as
against the private trade’s 80-85 mt and the 2014-15 production figure of 86.53 mt — is what led
to the clamping of a 25 per cent import duty on wheat, applicable “without an end date”. This,
when open market prices were already firming up by early-May and the situation actually
demanded a duty reduction. Farmers wouldn’t have minded that since the bulk of their crop had
been sold by then. Had imports been sufficiently contracted during June-August, the current
market tightness wouldn’t have arisen. Instead, the duty was cut to 10 per cent as late as September
23 and to nil on December 8, just when farmers are planting the new crop.
The wheat episode reflects poorly on the agriculture ministry’s crop estimation machinery and
market intelligence systems. Setting that right, including fixing responsibility, has to be accorded
(सहमलत होना/स्वीकाररता होना) top priority. For now, the cost will be borne, unfortunately, by the Indian
consumer and farmer.
(Courtesy: The Indian Express)
1. Incentivize (Verb): Motivate or encourage (Someone) to do something. (प्रोत्साहन देना)
 Synonyms: Encourage, Motivate, Boost, Stimulate, Actuate, Energize
 Antonyms: Deter, Dis-Incentivize, Discourage, De-Motivate.
Example: Long fixtures of the private sector, end-of year bonuses have the power to incentivize
efficiency or workplace innovation.
Verb forms: Incentivize, Incentivized, Incentivized.
Related words:
 Incentive (noun) - प्रोत्साहन
2. Expedient (adjective): (of an action) Convenient and practical although possibly improper
or immoral. (फायदेमंद)

Synonyms: Convenient, Advantageous, Useful, Beneficial, Profitable, Gainful, Effective,
Helpful.
 Antonyms: Disadvantageous, Impossible, Unfeasible, Unreasonable, Improper,
Inappropriate.
Example: While the patient has no insurance, it is expedient that the hospital staff take all lifesaving methods, regardless of their costs.
Related words:

Expedience (noun) - फायदा
3. Prevailing (adjective): Having most appeal or influence/ existing at a particular time.
(प्राधान्य/प्रचलित)
 Synonyms: Current, Predominant, Usual, Established, Predominating, Preponderating.
 Antonyms: Limited, Fixed, Minor, Unimportant.
Example: Let us hope justice will be prevailing so the killer will be prosecuted to the fullest
extent of the law.
Verb forms: Prevail, Prevailed, Prevailed.
Related words:
 Prevail (verb) - प्रबल होना
4. Deplete (verb): Use up the supply or resources of. / diminish in number or quantity .(कम होना
/खािी होना)
 Synonyms: Exhaust, Use Up, Consume, Expend, Spend, Drain, Empty.
 Antonyms: Replete, Develop, Enlarge, Expand, Fill, Grow, Increase, Rise.
Example: When we continually cut down forests, we are choosing to deplete one of our greatest
resources.
Verb forms: Deplete, Depleted, Depleted.
Related words:
 Depletion (noun) - क्षीणता
5. Aggravate (verb): Make (a problem, injury, or offence) worse or more serious. (लिगाड़ देना/और
खराि करना)

Synonyms: Exacerbate, Exasperate, Worsen, Ruin.
 Antonyms: Delight, Help, Please, Make Happy, Soothe, Appease
Example: Not wanting to aggravate my father, I decided not to give him my report card.
Verb forms: Aggravate, Aggravated, Aggravated.
Related words:
 Aggravation (noun)- भड़काव
6. Inevitable (adjective): A situation that is unavoidable. (अपररहायय /लनलित)
 Synonyms: Unavoidable, Inescapable, Inexorable, Unpreventable, Assured, Certain.
 Antonyms: Avoidable, Escapable, Exorable, Preventable, Doubtful.
Example: Because the little boy would not stop playing with matches, it was inevitable he would
burn himself.
Related words:
 Inevitably (adverb) - अननवायय रूप से
7. Procure (verb): To get possession of something by action or effort. (खरीद/प्राप्त करना)
 Synonyms: Secure, Obtain, Acquire, Get, Find, Come By, Purchase, Buy.
 Antonyms: Let Go, Lose, Spend, Reject.
Example: In order to make sandwiches to feed the homeless, we will need to procure donations
from local businesses.
Verb forms: Procure, Procured, Procured
Related words:
 Procurement (noun) – खरीद
8. Reckon (verb): Establish by calculation. (सगं लित करना /लहसाि िगाना)
 Synonyms: Calculate, Compute, Figure, Number, Quantify.
 Antonyms: Guess, Estimate, Ignore, Neglect.
Example: The government reckons the tax increase will bring in well over five million pounds in
revenue within the first year.
Verb forms: Reckon, Reckoned, Reckoned.
9. Rosy (adjective): Presaging good fortune (उज्जज्जवि)
 Synonyms: Bright, Radiant, Vivid, Orient, Glowing, Blooming.
 Antonyms: Depressing, Hopeless, Pale, Sad.
Example: He has sound knowledge of music and still working very for his rosy future in music
industry.
10. Accord (verb): (of a concept or fact) Be harmonious or consistent with. (सहमलत होना/स्वीकाररता
होना)

Synonyms: Agree, Tally, Match Up, Concur, Coincide, Be in agreement, Be consistent,
Dovetail, Harmonize.
 Antonyms: Disagree, Differ, Discord, Disunite, Refuse.
Example: The parents were arguing because they were not in accord with how to discipline their
teenager.
Verb forms: Accord, Accorded, Accorded.
Related words:
 Accordance (noun) - अनरू
ु पता

Accordant (adjective) - अनक
ु ूल

According (adverb) - के अनसु ार
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